Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Bituminous coal

2007-06-19T20:19:51Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Bituminous coal is a dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often having well-defined bands of bright and dull material. It is used primarily as fuel in steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke.

Bituminous coal is the most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis.

The heat content of bituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).

Bituminous coal is found primarily in the Appalachian region of the country. Mining it was very hazardous, and killed many in the early years, and the dust from the coal gave many workers [Black Lung disease]. OSHA regulations have made the mines significantly safer.
[[category:energy]]

Mitt Romney

2007-06-19T20:14:42Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Criticism */

[[Image:Xnmhv.jpg|right|thumb]]
'''Willard "Mitt" Romney''' (born March 12, 1947), served as the governor of [[Massachusetts]] from 2002 to 2006 and is a [[Republican]] candidate in the 2008 presidential election. If elected, he would become the first [[Mormon]] president.

== Personal ==
Currently, Romney is gaining popularity because his stable marriage attracts conservative audiences who are unhappy with [[John McCain]], [[Rudy Giuliani]], and [[Newt Gingrich]]'s many divorces. The irony that the Mormon has been married the least times of all the candidates was pointed out by Romney's wife, Ann, who said the difference between her husband and the other Republican candidates is that "he's had only one wife."<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070224/ap_on_el_pr/romney_polygamy]</ref> While Romney himself has only one wife, polygamy is in his family history. His great-grandfather had five wives and at least one of his great-great grandfathers had twelve.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,254362,00.html]</ref>

Romney is the son of former Michigan Governor and presidential candidate George Romney, a "Rockefeller Republican," according to Lisa McGirr, in the book Suburban Warriors, Copyright 2001, Princeton University Press, p. 141, 222. Many Massachusetts Republicans do not connect the father's politics with the son's, much like Presidents George Herbert Walker Bush and George Walker Bush.

== Political Views ==

===Abortion===
"I am pro-life. I believe that abortion is the wrong choice except in cases of incest, rape, and to save the life of the mother. I wish the people of America agreed, and that the laws of our nation could reflect that view. But while the nation remains so divided over abortion, I believe that the states, through the democratic process, should determine their own abortion laws and not have them dictated by judicial mandate." (Boston Globe, Mitt Romney Editorial, July 26, 2005)
<ref>[http://www.mittromney.com/Issue-Watch/Values America's Culture and Values] mittromney.com</ref> 

In a 1994 debate with Senator Edward Kennedy, Romney said that abortion should be legal, declaring that "regardless of one's beliefs about choice, you would hope it would be safe and legal." "Many years ago, I had a dear, close family relative that was very close to me who passed away from an illegal abortion", Romney said. "It is since that time my mother and my family have been committed to the belief that we can believe as we want, but we will not force our beliefs on others on that matter. And you will not see me wavering on that." [http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/07/03/clarity_sought_on_romneys_abortion_stance/?page=2]

In his campaign literature for the 2002 Massachusetts gubernatorial election Mitt Romney expressed a willingness to defend that States pro-choice status quo.[http://web.archive.org/web/20021218005104/www.romneyhealey.com/issues/4]

===Civil Unions===
Romney is opposed to the idea of gay marriage, however he has voiced support for domestic partnership benefits and equal rights for homosexuals.[http://web.archive.org/web/20021218005104/www.romneyhealey.com/issues/3]

===Economic Agenda===
As President, Governor Mitt Romney will pursue a Conservative, Pro-Growth Economic Agenda. Governor Romney's number one economic priority will be to grow the economy — helping to create good jobs, raise incomes and preserve American strength. He will work to rein in excessive government spending and reform entitlements. To ensure America's continued economic growth, he will fight to cut taxes — the Death Tax, savings taxes, corporate taxes and marginal tax rates.

Governor Romney will also promote trade, bring market forces to bear in health care, pursue national tort and liability reform, eliminate excessive regulations that put a burden on our economy and strengthen American families.
====Overall Economic Priorities====
*Lowering Taxes: Proposes lowering tax rates for all Americans.
*Spending: Believes Washington's focus should be on cutting spending.
*National Tort Reform: Supports nationwide reforms to our tort system.
*Union Card Check Legislation: Supports the rights of workers to decide whether to join a union or not.
*Regulatory Reform and Sarbanes-Oxley: Believes the Washington regulatory burden is too high.

===Immigration===
<blockquote>Immigration has been an important part of our nation's success. The current system, however, puts up a concrete wall to the best and brightest, yet those without skill or education are able to walk across the border. We must reform the current immigration laws so we can secure our borders, implement a mandatory biometrically enabled, tamper proof documentation and employment verification system, and increase legal immigration into America. [http://www.mittromney.com/Issue-Watch/Immigration]</blockquote>
*[http://desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070323/NEWS09/703230396/-1/politics Des Moines Register: Romney: Reform Immigration, Allow Students To Stay]
*[http://www.iowapolitics.com/index.iml?Article=91722 IowaPolitics.com: Romney Touts Strong Stance On Illegal Immigration]

:On 5/24/07, Romney spoke about how he was tolerant about Gays and then he discussed the current illegal immigration bill before Congress:
<blockquote>He expressed less tolerance for illegal immigrants, and said he and President Bush have a difference of opinions on a bill that would provide a path toward legalization for an estimated 12 million people unlawfully in the country.

"He has his view, and other people have their views and I have my own," Romney said. "This is for all intents and purposes a form of amnesty in that everyone who is here illegally today will be able to stay under this bill."

The bill is unfair to people who are trying to come to the country legally, he said. People here illegally should be able to apply to come to the United States, but under the same terms as everyone else and behind those who have already applied.

"I don't think that we're going to round up 11 or 12 or however many million people and bus them out of the country. That's not what I'm talking about," Romney said. "Those who committed felonies, of course, would be deported. Those who require government assistance to stay here would surely need to get off government assistance and ultimately could not remain here on government assistance."[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007May24/0,4670,RomneyGays,00.html]</blockquote>

===Stem Cell Research===
Mitt Romney supports the right of scientists to research on embryos created during fertility treatments.[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/02/11/romneys_stem_cell_view_may_upset_the_right/2]

==Criticism==
Romney's critics attack his inconsistent track record on issues such as [[abortion]] and [[Homosexuality|gay marriage]] to the point where he has gotten the nickname "Multiple Choice Mitt." A man dressed as a dolphin calling himself Flipper has appeared at some recent conservative gatherings to bring attention to Romney's inconsistent stands on abortion and gay marriage. Although Romney now identifies himself as pro-life and anti-same sex marriage, he claimed to be pro choice and supported same-sex rights as late as 2002. These swaps coupled with his [[Mormon]] affiliation puts him at odds with much of the Evangelical right, but a PollingReport.com chart from March 3, 2007 indicates that Mitt was still polling at approximately 7% within the GOP primary forecasts.

Mitt Romney also changed his positions on gun control. He was originally for it, but recently joined the NRA, an organization opposed to it, despite having hunted only twice in his life at the time.

==Is Romney's Faith Christian?==
While Romney is trying to make points on that "Jesus is my Saviour" and he doesn't speak for his church, or his church for him, the fact is that his beliefs are not Christian. Mormons believe that the Book of Mormon is a better revelation than the Bible (which has many mistakes), that God has a body of fless and blood, and he is married to the Queen of Heavens; that the leaders of the church receive direct revelations from God; that you have to be baptized for your deceased ancestors.

==References==
<References/>

==External links==
*[http://www.mittromney.com Mitt Romney for President 2008]
*[http://mormonwiki.org/Mitt_Romney_and_Mormonism Mitt Romney and Mormonism] - MormonWiki.org

==Blogs==
*[http://www.mymanmitt.com/mitt-romney/ My Man Mitt]
*[http://conservativesagainstromney.com/ Conservatives Against Romney]

[[Category:Political people|Romney, Mitt]]

David Duke

2007-04-08T23:22:55Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

[[Image:76r7uy.jpg|right|thumb]]
'''David Ernest Duke''' (born July 1, 1950) is a former Republican member of the [[Louisiana House of Representatives]]. In the past, Duke has run for office as both as a Democrat and as a Republican. David Duke was once a Grand Wizard of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]<ref>[http://www.adl.org/poisoning_web/duke.asp David Duke: White Revolution on the Internet], Anti-Defamation League.</ref>.

Duke unsuccessfully ran for the Senate in the open primary in 1990 against the Democratic incumbent J. Bennett Johnston. Some Republicans endorsed Johnston due to Duke's controversial views.

After [[Bob Livingston]] resigned from the House of Representatives in 1998, Republicans worried that Duke would run and win the open primary for Louisiana's 1st Congressional District. However, he did not run and [[David Vitter]] was elected instead.

David Duke describes himself as an anti-[[Zionist]] and is a vocal critic of the [[Iraq War]] and the [[foriegn policy]] of [[George W. Bush]] administration. David Duke criticizes [[neoconservative]]s as "worshipers of a Communist mass murderer" and "devotees of Jewish Bolshevism"<ref>http://www.davidduke.com/general/1845_1845.html</ref>.

==References==
<references/>
==External Links==
*[http://www.davidduke.com/ David Duke's Official Website]
[[category:political people]]

Strom Thurmond

2007-04-06T02:37:20Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''James Strom Thurmond''' was an United States Senator for over fifty years. He switched to the Republican party due to the Democratic party's support for liberal causes such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Jesse Helms

2007-04-06T02:32:19Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Foreign Policy */

Jesse Alexander Helms, Jr. (b October 18, 1921) is a former five-time Republican senator from Monroe, North Carolina. <ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000463</ref> Mr. Helms was born to his formidable father Jesse Helms Sr., the local chief of police, and his wife Ethel Mae Helms. <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref> Mr. Helms, throughout his tenure as United States Senator was known for his staunchly conservative viewpoints, support for a strong defense, standing up for the little guy, and support for freedom. Like most staunchly conservative politicians who thumb their nose at political correctness, Helms was frequently derided in the mainstream media despite his former media connections <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/biography.asp</ref>. Helms stood up for equality under law for all Americans but often his positions were misunderstood and through biased reporting made to sound racist <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#handsad</ref>. While Helms can be called an Internationalist his support can be understood more in terms of western military alliances that strengthened US Security such as NATO as opposed to ineffective US encumbering organizations such as the UN <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic1</ref>.

== Early Life ==

=== Education ===

Mr. Helms attended public schools in his home, Monroe County. After graduating from high school, Mr. Helms attended Wingate Junior College and Wake Forest College.

=== Pre-[[World War II]] Journalist ===

Like President [[Ronald Reagan]], Mr. Helms started his political career in the media. In 1939, Mr. Helms quit Wake Forest to work as a [[journalist]] on the Raleigh News and Observer. By the age of 21 Mr. Helms managed one of the paper's smaller papers. <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>

=== Military Career ===

During World War II, Mr. Helms was drafted into the Navy as a recruiter. It was during his military career that Helms discovered his knack for broadcasting.

=== WRAL Radio and AA to Senator Willis Smith ===

In 1948, became a radio news director at WRAL in Raleigh, NC. Helms reported on the heated 1950 Democratic primary for the Senate. The winner of this race, Senator Willis Smith, took him to Washington as his administrative assistant a post at which he served until 1953 staying on to become Senator Alton Lennon's assistant after Smith's untimely demise<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000463</ref>. Willis, like Helms was a conservative Southern Democrat <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. Willis's defeated opponent, the liberal Frank Porter Graham was appointed by his supporter President Harry Truman as Ambassador to the United Nations<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=g000353</ref>. During his tenure in Washington Mr. Helms also worked on the unsuccessful Democratic primary presidential campaign of Richard B. Russell, Jr.

=== Bankers Association to Capital Broadcasting ===

Helms early work in politics lead him to become the Executive director of the North Carolina Bankers Association and later the Raleigh City Council where he opposed excessive taxation and supported limiting the growth of government<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. By the mid-1960's, Helms became the executive Vice President for Capitol Broadcasting in Raleigh, NC. Mr. Helms directed the news operation and delivered over-the-air commentaries. Mr. Helms developed a following due to his firebrand but perceptive political commentary <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/biography.asp</ref> which often attacked the decline of morality, liberal trends in society of the time, the Federal government's dubious social engineering in the southern states and Judicial activisim <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>.

== Senate Career ==

=== Democrat to Republican ===

In 1970, Helms left the Democratic party, which was far more popular in the South as a whole, for the Republican party, which had been the catalyst in the war of Northern Aggression a century before. Guided, in part, by the [[Southern Strategy]] of the Republican Candidate, [[Richard M. Nixon]], Mr. Helms lead a victorious campaign against his opponent, Democrat Nick Galifianakis. Mr. Helms's campaign succeeded in associating Galifiankis with presidential candidate George McGovern. Galifianakis attempted to play the "race card" (Galifianakis was Greek), but voters saw through this to lend a 120,000 vote margin to Mr. Helms.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>

=== Senator No ===

Mr. Helms' opposition to increasing the role of the federal government in the lives of every day citizens earned him the title "Senator No". From his first term to his last Mr. Helms rejected nominations of unqualified liberal candidates of all races, against federal spending (except his very principaled stance for the millitary and economically and strategically sound support for federal aid for farmers), <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. At the same time Mr. Helms did support and even befriended qualified candidates whom he felt would better the country, such as Madeline Albright for US Ambassador to the United Nations and later Secretary of State (ref: Madam Secretary, Madeline Albright). Helms was known for his bipartisan friendships despite his often strong ideological stances. However, Helms was not intractable when new information did not support his views. For instance Helms originally stood against increased funding to "stop the devastation caused by AIDS in Africa. Helms change of heart on this issue in his own words: "It had been my feeling that AIDS was a disease largely spread by reckless and voluntary sexual and drug-abusing behavior, and that it would probably be confined to those in high risk populations. I was wrong."

=== Moving the Party Right ===

Helms challenged the Republican party to engage socially and economically conservative values. Helms's conservative values won him a 100% rating from the American Conservative Union for the entire last decade he was in office and never more than 10% according to similar liberal groups. Terry O'Neill -- of the feminist group, the National Organization for Women -- on hearing that Helms was retireing, reacted gleefully with the statement "He has been absolutely aggressive in his attacks on women's most basic rights for years. To call him irascible would be kind. Irrational would be more like it. It's a very good thing for the country that he's leaving the Senate."

Helms stated his disbelief in the old adage that "morality cannot be legislated". Helms took an active role in campaigning and in helping the Republican party to engage these values. First in his early work for Smith, then locally and eventually in early 1980 played a key role in helping the father of modern conservative, Ronald Reagan, win the Republican primary and take the White House back from the liberal and weak president Jimmy Carter. Helms's political action committee spent over $4.6 million dollars to help Regan capture the white house <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>. Until 1984, when Helms became incapacitated, in his home state of North Carolina few conservative Republican candidates would dare run for state or national office without an endorsement from the godfather of North Carolinian conservatism, Senators Jesse Helms.

=== Foreign Policy ===

Helms believed that America should stand against dictators and help bring its values of Freedom and Democracy to the world. This belief caused Helms to stand against "Most Favored Nation" status for China (which the Reagan and Nixon Administrations supported). At the same time, Helms stood for a strong national defense and strongly opposed Communism and would occasionally compromise on the humanitarian part of his policy when it suited those aims, such was the case in his support for the dictator Augusto Pinochet. <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/principles/default.asp</ref> Helms also stood up against arms control and nuclear test-ban treaties even when some of these measures were supported by Reagan himself.

Helms was also notable for his staunch opposition to [[free trade]] agreements such as NAFTA.

=== Equal Rights ===

Many in the liberal media considered Helms to be a racist in part due to his antics and standing against racial quotas and other affirmative action programs and secondly for his opposition to many African American appointees for federal office<ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic2</ref>. Mr. Helms answered this charge in his biography and on his site. He stood up for qualified African American conservative candidates in the jobs for which they were qualified. He opposed liberal and unqualified African America in the posts for which they were unqualified. Mr. Helms supported candidates such as Claude Allen, Clarence Thomas, Colin Powell, and Condoleezza Rice and other conservative black candidates for the positions in which they were qualified and appointed <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic5</ref>.

== Humanitarian ==

Jesse Helms continued to work on his humanitarian causes after leaving office until he became incapacitated. Since then others continue his work in his name. His approach encourages individual and organization charity rather than government intervention. <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org</ref>

== Summary ==

Helms and his conservative values can be summed up in his own words: "Compromise, hell!" Helms said. "That's what has happened to us all down the line -- and that's the very cause of our woes." <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

Jesse Helms

2007-04-06T02:31:32Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Moving the Party Right */

Jesse Alexander Helms, Jr. (b October 18, 1921) is a former five-time Republican senator from Monroe, North Carolina. <ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000463</ref> Mr. Helms was born to his formidable father Jesse Helms Sr., the local chief of police, and his wife Ethel Mae Helms. <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref> Mr. Helms, throughout his tenure as United States Senator was known for his staunchly conservative viewpoints, support for a strong defense, standing up for the little guy, and support for freedom. Like most staunchly conservative politicians who thumb their nose at political correctness, Helms was frequently derided in the mainstream media despite his former media connections <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/biography.asp</ref>. Helms stood up for equality under law for all Americans but often his positions were misunderstood and through biased reporting made to sound racist <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#handsad</ref>. While Helms can be called an Internationalist his support can be understood more in terms of western military alliances that strengthened US Security such as NATO as opposed to ineffective US encumbering organizations such as the UN <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic1</ref>.

== Early Life ==

=== Education ===

Mr. Helms attended public schools in his home, Monroe County. After graduating from high school, Mr. Helms attended Wingate Junior College and Wake Forest College.

=== Pre-[[World War II]] Journalist ===

Like President [[Ronald Reagan]], Mr. Helms started his political career in the media. In 1939, Mr. Helms quit Wake Forest to work as a [[journalist]] on the Raleigh News and Observer. By the age of 21 Mr. Helms managed one of the paper's smaller papers. <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>

=== Military Career ===

During World War II, Mr. Helms was drafted into the Navy as a recruiter. It was during his military career that Helms discovered his knack for broadcasting.

=== WRAL Radio and AA to Senator Willis Smith ===

In 1948, became a radio news director at WRAL in Raleigh, NC. Helms reported on the heated 1950 Democratic primary for the Senate. The winner of this race, Senator Willis Smith, took him to Washington as his administrative assistant a post at which he served until 1953 staying on to become Senator Alton Lennon's assistant after Smith's untimely demise<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000463</ref>. Willis, like Helms was a conservative Southern Democrat <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. Willis's defeated opponent, the liberal Frank Porter Graham was appointed by his supporter President Harry Truman as Ambassador to the United Nations<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=g000353</ref>. During his tenure in Washington Mr. Helms also worked on the unsuccessful Democratic primary presidential campaign of Richard B. Russell, Jr.

=== Bankers Association to Capital Broadcasting ===

Helms early work in politics lead him to become the Executive director of the North Carolina Bankers Association and later the Raleigh City Council where he opposed excessive taxation and supported limiting the growth of government<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. By the mid-1960's, Helms became the executive Vice President for Capitol Broadcasting in Raleigh, NC. Mr. Helms directed the news operation and delivered over-the-air commentaries. Mr. Helms developed a following due to his firebrand but perceptive political commentary <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/biography.asp</ref> which often attacked the decline of morality, liberal trends in society of the time, the Federal government's dubious social engineering in the southern states and Judicial activisim <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>.

== Senate Career ==

=== Democrat to Republican ===

In 1970, Helms left the Democratic party, which was far more popular in the South as a whole, for the Republican party, which had been the catalyst in the war of Northern Aggression a century before. Guided, in part, by the [[Southern Strategy]] of the Republican Candidate, [[Richard M. Nixon]], Mr. Helms lead a victorious campaign against his opponent, Democrat Nick Galifianakis. Mr. Helms's campaign succeeded in associating Galifiankis with presidential candidate George McGovern. Galifianakis attempted to play the "race card" (Galifianakis was Greek), but voters saw through this to lend a 120,000 vote margin to Mr. Helms.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>

=== Senator No ===

Mr. Helms' opposition to increasing the role of the federal government in the lives of every day citizens earned him the title "Senator No". From his first term to his last Mr. Helms rejected nominations of unqualified liberal candidates of all races, against federal spending (except his very principaled stance for the millitary and economically and strategically sound support for federal aid for farmers), <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. At the same time Mr. Helms did support and even befriended qualified candidates whom he felt would better the country, such as Madeline Albright for US Ambassador to the United Nations and later Secretary of State (ref: Madam Secretary, Madeline Albright). Helms was known for his bipartisan friendships despite his often strong ideological stances. However, Helms was not intractable when new information did not support his views. For instance Helms originally stood against increased funding to "stop the devastation caused by AIDS in Africa. Helms change of heart on this issue in his own words: "It had been my feeling that AIDS was a disease largely spread by reckless and voluntary sexual and drug-abusing behavior, and that it would probably be confined to those in high risk populations. I was wrong."

=== Moving the Party Right ===

Helms challenged the Republican party to engage socially and economically conservative values. Helms's conservative values won him a 100% rating from the American Conservative Union for the entire last decade he was in office and never more than 10% according to similar liberal groups. Terry O'Neill -- of the feminist group, the National Organization for Women -- on hearing that Helms was retireing, reacted gleefully with the statement "He has been absolutely aggressive in his attacks on women's most basic rights for years. To call him irascible would be kind. Irrational would be more like it. It's a very good thing for the country that he's leaving the Senate."

Helms stated his disbelief in the old adage that "morality cannot be legislated". Helms took an active role in campaigning and in helping the Republican party to engage these values. First in his early work for Smith, then locally and eventually in early 1980 played a key role in helping the father of modern conservative, Ronald Reagan, win the Republican primary and take the White House back from the liberal and weak president Jimmy Carter. Helms's political action committee spent over $4.6 million dollars to help Regan capture the white house <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>. Until 1984, when Helms became incapacitated, in his home state of North Carolina few conservative Republican candidates would dare run for state or national office without an endorsement from the godfather of North Carolinian conservatism, Senators Jesse Helms.

=== Foreign Policy ===

Helms believed that America should stand against dictators and help bring its values of Freedom and Democracy to the world. This belief caused Helms to stand against "Most Favored Nation" status for China (which the Reagan and Nixon Administrations supported). At the same time, Helms stood for a strong national defense and strongly opposed Communism and would occasionally compromise on the humanitarian part of his policy when it suited those aims, such was the case in his support for the dictator Augusto Pinochet. <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/principles/default.asp</ref> Helms also stood up against arms control and nuclear test-ban treaties even when some of these measures were supported by Reagan himself.

=== Equal Rights ===

Many in the liberal media considered Helms to be a racist in part due to his antics and standing against racial quotas and other affirmative action programs and secondly for his opposition to many African American appointees for federal office<ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic2</ref>. Mr. Helms answered this charge in his biography and on his site. He stood up for qualified African American conservative candidates in the jobs for which they were qualified. He opposed liberal and unqualified African America in the posts for which they were unqualified. Mr. Helms supported candidates such as Claude Allen, Clarence Thomas, Colin Powell, and Condoleezza Rice and other conservative black candidates for the positions in which they were qualified and appointed <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic5</ref>.

== Humanitarian ==

Jesse Helms continued to work on his humanitarian causes after leaving office until he became incapacitated. Since then others continue his work in his name. His approach encourages individual and organization charity rather than government intervention. <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org</ref>

== Summary ==

Helms and his conservative values can be summed up in his own words: "Compromise, hell!" Helms said. "That's what has happened to us all down the line -- and that's the very cause of our woes." <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

Jesse Helms

2007-04-06T02:29:35Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Foreign Policy */ spelling error; removed news forum; not reliable source.

Jesse Alexander Helms, Jr. (b October 18, 1921) is a former five-time Republican senator from Monroe, North Carolina. <ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000463</ref> Mr. Helms was born to his formidable father Jesse Helms Sr., the local chief of police, and his wife Ethel Mae Helms. <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref> Mr. Helms, throughout his tenure as United States Senator was known for his staunchly conservative viewpoints, support for a strong defense, standing up for the little guy, and support for freedom. Like most staunchly conservative politicians who thumb their nose at political correctness, Helms was frequently derided in the mainstream media despite his former media connections <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/biography.asp</ref>. Helms stood up for equality under law for all Americans but often his positions were misunderstood and through biased reporting made to sound racist <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#handsad</ref>. While Helms can be called an Internationalist his support can be understood more in terms of western military alliances that strengthened US Security such as NATO as opposed to ineffective US encumbering organizations such as the UN <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic1</ref>.

== Early Life ==

=== Education ===

Mr. Helms attended public schools in his home, Monroe County. After graduating from high school, Mr. Helms attended Wingate Junior College and Wake Forest College.

=== Pre-[[World War II]] Journalist ===

Like President [[Ronald Reagan]], Mr. Helms started his political career in the media. In 1939, Mr. Helms quit Wake Forest to work as a [[journalist]] on the Raleigh News and Observer. By the age of 21 Mr. Helms managed one of the paper's smaller papers. <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>

=== Military Career ===

During World War II, Mr. Helms was drafted into the Navy as a recruiter. It was during his military career that Helms discovered his knack for broadcasting.

=== WRAL Radio and AA to Senator Willis Smith ===

In 1948, became a radio news director at WRAL in Raleigh, NC. Helms reported on the heated 1950 Democratic primary for the Senate. The winner of this race, Senator Willis Smith, took him to Washington as his administrative assistant a post at which he served until 1953 staying on to become Senator Alton Lennon's assistant after Smith's untimely demise<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000463</ref>. Willis, like Helms was a conservative Southern Democrat <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. Willis's defeated opponent, the liberal Frank Porter Graham was appointed by his supporter President Harry Truman as Ambassador to the United Nations<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=g000353</ref>. During his tenure in Washington Mr. Helms also worked on the unsuccessful Democratic primary presidential campaign of Richard B. Russell, Jr.

=== Bankers Association to Capital Broadcasting ===

Helms early work in politics lead him to become the Executive director of the North Carolina Bankers Association and later the Raleigh City Council where he opposed excessive taxation and supported limiting the growth of government<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. By the mid-1960's, Helms became the executive Vice President for Capitol Broadcasting in Raleigh, NC. Mr. Helms directed the news operation and delivered over-the-air commentaries. Mr. Helms developed a following due to his firebrand but perceptive political commentary <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/biography.asp</ref> which often attacked the decline of morality, liberal trends in society of the time, the Federal government's dubious social engineering in the southern states and Judicial activisim <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>.

== Senate Career ==

=== Democrat to Republican ===

In 1970, Helms left the Democratic party, which was far more popular in the South as a whole, for the Republican party, which had been the catalyst in the war of Northern Aggression a century before. Guided, in part, by the [[Southern Strategy]] of the Republican Candidate, [[Richard M. Nixon]], Mr. Helms lead a victorious campaign against his opponent, Democrat Nick Galifianakis. Mr. Helms's campaign succeeded in associating Galifiankis with presidential candidate George McGovern. Galifianakis attempted to play the "race card" (Galifianakis was Greek), but voters saw through this to lend a 120,000 vote margin to Mr. Helms.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>

=== Senator No ===

Mr. Helms' opposition to increasing the role of the federal government in the lives of every day citizens earned him the title "Senator No". From his first term to his last Mr. Helms rejected nominations of unqualified liberal candidates of all races, against federal spending (except his very principaled stance for the millitary and economically and strategically sound support for federal aid for farmers), <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. At the same time Mr. Helms did support and even befriended qualified candidates whom he felt would better the country, such as Madeline Albright for US Ambassador to the United Nations and later Secretary of State (ref: Madam Secretary, Madeline Albright). Helms was known for his bipartisan friendships despite his often strong ideological stances. However, Helms was not intractable when new information did not support his views. For instance Helms originally stood against increased funding to "stop the devastation caused by AIDS in Africa. Helms change of heart on this issue in his own words: "It had been my feeling that AIDS was a disease largely spread by reckless and voluntary sexual and drug-abusing behavior, and that it would probably be confined to those in high risk populations. I was wrong."

=== Moving the Party Right ===

Helms challenged the Republican party to engage the socially and economically conservative values of the American People. Helms's conservative values won him a 100% rating from the American Conservative Union for the entire last decade he was in office and never more than 10% according to similar liberal groups. Terry O'Neill -- of the far left feminist group, the National Organization for Women -- on hearing that Helms would reacted gleefully with the statement "He has been absolutely aggressive in his attacks on women's most basic rights for years. To call him irascible would be kind. Irrational would be more like it. It's a very good thing for the country that he's leaving the Senate."

Helms stated his disbelief in the old adage that "morality cannot be legislated". Helms took an active role in campaigning and in helping the Republican party to engage these values. First in his early work for Smith, then locally and eventually in early 1980 played a key role in helping the father of modern conservative, Ronald Reagan, win the Republican primary and take the White House back from the liberal and weak president Jimmy Carter. Helms's political action committee spent over $4.6 million dollars to help Regan capture the white house <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>. Until recently, when Helms became incapacitated, in his home state of North Carolina few Conservative Republican candidates would dare run for state or national office without an endorsement from the godfather of North Carolinian conservatism, Senators Jesse Helms.

=== Foreign Policy ===

Helms believed that America should stand against dictators and help bring its values of Freedom and Democracy to the world. This belief caused Helms to stand against "Most Favored Nation" status for China (which the Reagan and Nixon Administrations supported). At the same time, Helms stood for a strong national defense and strongly opposed Communism and would occasionally compromise on the humanitarian part of his policy when it suited those aims, such was the case in his support for the dictator Augusto Pinochet. <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/principles/default.asp</ref> Helms also stood up against arms control and nuclear test-ban treaties even when some of these measures were supported by Reagan himself.

=== Equal Rights ===

Many in the liberal media considered Helms to be a racist in part due to his antics and standing against racial quotas and other affirmative action programs and secondly for his opposition to many African American appointees for federal office<ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic2</ref>. Mr. Helms answered this charge in his biography and on his site. He stood up for qualified African American conservative candidates in the jobs for which they were qualified. He opposed liberal and unqualified African America in the posts for which they were unqualified. Mr. Helms supported candidates such as Claude Allen, Clarence Thomas, Colin Powell, and Condoleezza Rice and other conservative black candidates for the positions in which they were qualified and appointed <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic5</ref>.

== Humanitarian ==

Jesse Helms continued to work on his humanitarian causes after leaving office until he became incapacitated. Since then others continue his work in his name. His approach encourages individual and organization charity rather than government intervention. <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org</ref>

== Summary ==

Helms and his conservative values can be summed up in his own words: "Compromise, hell!" Helms said. "That's what has happened to us all down the line -- and that's the very cause of our woes." <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

Jesse Helms

2007-04-06T02:28:44Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Democrat to Republican */

Jesse Alexander Helms, Jr. (b October 18, 1921) is a former five-time Republican senator from Monroe, North Carolina. <ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000463</ref> Mr. Helms was born to his formidable father Jesse Helms Sr., the local chief of police, and his wife Ethel Mae Helms. <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref> Mr. Helms, throughout his tenure as United States Senator was known for his staunchly conservative viewpoints, support for a strong defense, standing up for the little guy, and support for freedom. Like most staunchly conservative politicians who thumb their nose at political correctness, Helms was frequently derided in the mainstream media despite his former media connections <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/biography.asp</ref>. Helms stood up for equality under law for all Americans but often his positions were misunderstood and through biased reporting made to sound racist <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#handsad</ref>. While Helms can be called an Internationalist his support can be understood more in terms of western military alliances that strengthened US Security such as NATO as opposed to ineffective US encumbering organizations such as the UN <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic1</ref>.

== Early Life ==

=== Education ===

Mr. Helms attended public schools in his home, Monroe County. After graduating from high school, Mr. Helms attended Wingate Junior College and Wake Forest College.

=== Pre-[[World War II]] Journalist ===

Like President [[Ronald Reagan]], Mr. Helms started his political career in the media. In 1939, Mr. Helms quit Wake Forest to work as a [[journalist]] on the Raleigh News and Observer. By the age of 21 Mr. Helms managed one of the paper's smaller papers. <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>

=== Military Career ===

During World War II, Mr. Helms was drafted into the Navy as a recruiter. It was during his military career that Helms discovered his knack for broadcasting.

=== WRAL Radio and AA to Senator Willis Smith ===

In 1948, became a radio news director at WRAL in Raleigh, NC. Helms reported on the heated 1950 Democratic primary for the Senate. The winner of this race, Senator Willis Smith, took him to Washington as his administrative assistant a post at which he served until 1953 staying on to become Senator Alton Lennon's assistant after Smith's untimely demise<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000463</ref>. Willis, like Helms was a conservative Southern Democrat <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. Willis's defeated opponent, the liberal Frank Porter Graham was appointed by his supporter President Harry Truman as Ambassador to the United Nations<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=g000353</ref>. During his tenure in Washington Mr. Helms also worked on the unsuccessful Democratic primary presidential campaign of Richard B. Russell, Jr.

=== Bankers Association to Capital Broadcasting ===

Helms early work in politics lead him to become the Executive director of the North Carolina Bankers Association and later the Raleigh City Council where he opposed excessive taxation and supported limiting the growth of government<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. By the mid-1960's, Helms became the executive Vice President for Capitol Broadcasting in Raleigh, NC. Mr. Helms directed the news operation and delivered over-the-air commentaries. Mr. Helms developed a following due to his firebrand but perceptive political commentary <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/biography.asp</ref> which often attacked the decline of morality, liberal trends in society of the time, the Federal government's dubious social engineering in the southern states and Judicial activisim <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>.

== Senate Career ==

=== Democrat to Republican ===

In 1970, Helms left the Democratic party, which was far more popular in the South as a whole, for the Republican party, which had been the catalyst in the war of Northern Aggression a century before. Guided, in part, by the [[Southern Strategy]] of the Republican Candidate, [[Richard M. Nixon]], Mr. Helms lead a victorious campaign against his opponent, Democrat Nick Galifianakis. Mr. Helms's campaign succeeded in associating Galifiankis with presidential candidate George McGovern. Galifianakis attempted to play the "race card" (Galifianakis was Greek), but voters saw through this to lend a 120,000 vote margin to Mr. Helms.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>

=== Senator No ===

Mr. Helms' opposition to increasing the role of the federal government in the lives of every day citizens earned him the title "Senator No". From his first term to his last Mr. Helms rejected nominations of unqualified liberal candidates of all races, against federal spending (except his very principaled stance for the millitary and economically and strategically sound support for federal aid for farmers), <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/jesse-helms</ref>. At the same time Mr. Helms did support and even befriended qualified candidates whom he felt would better the country, such as Madeline Albright for US Ambassador to the United Nations and later Secretary of State (ref: Madam Secretary, Madeline Albright). Helms was known for his bipartisan friendships despite his often strong ideological stances. However, Helms was not intractable when new information did not support his views. For instance Helms originally stood against increased funding to "stop the devastation caused by AIDS in Africa. Helms change of heart on this issue in his own words: "It had been my feeling that AIDS was a disease largely spread by reckless and voluntary sexual and drug-abusing behavior, and that it would probably be confined to those in high risk populations. I was wrong."

=== Moving the Party Right ===

Helms challenged the Republican party to engage the socially and economically conservative values of the American People. Helms's conservative values won him a 100% rating from the American Conservative Union for the entire last decade he was in office and never more than 10% according to similar liberal groups. Terry O'Neill -- of the far left feminist group, the National Organization for Women -- on hearing that Helms would reacted gleefully with the statement "He has been absolutely aggressive in his attacks on women's most basic rights for years. To call him irascible would be kind. Irrational would be more like it. It's a very good thing for the country that he's leaving the Senate."

Helms stated his disbelief in the old adage that "morality cannot be legislated". Helms took an active role in campaigning and in helping the Republican party to engage these values. First in his early work for Smith, then locally and eventually in early 1980 played a key role in helping the father of modern conservative, Ronald Reagan, win the Republican primary and take the White House back from the liberal and weak president Jimmy Carter. Helms's political action committee spent over $4.6 million dollars to help Regan capture the white house <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>. Until recently, when Helms became incapacitated, in his home state of North Carolina few Conservative Republican candidates would dare run for state or national office without an endorsement from the godfather of North Carolinian conservatism, Senators Jesse Helms.

=== Foreign Policy ===

Helms believed that America should stand against dictators and help bring its values of Freedom and Democracy to the world. This belief caused Helms to stand against "Most Favored Nation" status for China (which the Reagan and Nixon Administrations supported). At the same time, Helms stood for a strong national defense and strongly opposed Communism and would occasionally compromise on the humanitarian part of his policy when it suited those aims, such was the case in his support for the dictator Augusto Pinochet. <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/principles/default.asp</ref> Helms also stood up against arms control and nuclear test-ban treaties even when some of these measures were supported by Regan himself <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>.

=== Equal Rights ===

Many in the liberal media considered Helms to be a racist in part due to his antics and standing against racial quotas and other affirmative action programs and secondly for his opposition to many African American appointees for federal office<ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic2</ref>. Mr. Helms answered this charge in his biography and on his site. He stood up for qualified African American conservative candidates in the jobs for which they were qualified. He opposed liberal and unqualified African America in the posts for which they were unqualified. Mr. Helms supported candidates such as Claude Allen, Clarence Thomas, Colin Powell, and Condoleezza Rice and other conservative black candidates for the positions in which they were qualified and appointed <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org/jessehelms/fictionortruth.asp#fic5</ref>.

== Humanitarian ==

Jesse Helms continued to work on his humanitarian causes after leaving office until he became incapacitated. Since then others continue his work in his name. His approach encourages individual and organization charity rather than government intervention. <ref>http://www.jessehelmscenter.org</ref>

== Summary ==

Helms and his conservative values can be summed up in his own words: "Compromise, hell!" Helms said. "That's what has happened to us all down the line -- and that's the very cause of our woes." <ref>http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3b8990d63719.htm</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

Communism

2007-03-30T05:29:36Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Communism''' is an economic system, social organization, and political movement. While it calls for the absence of personal ownership and claims to support a communal society in the abstract, the practical reality of communism is strikingly different.

As a political movement, communism advocates the establishment of a classless society.
In actuality it has middle and upper classes just as [[social stratification|stratified]] as in the "Capitalist" societies it critiques or seeks to overthrow (see ''[[Nomenklatura]]'').
It officially prohibits personal economic growth, but allows the well-connected political elite to amass power and wealth, similar to the unfettered capitalism favored by conservatives. (see [[Ruling class).

It generally advocates a [[socialist]] economy in which the public, whether the state or other group, owns the [[means of production]] and in which the wealth of the nation is divided fairly among the citizens. Yet in communist countries party members (there is only one Party) have special stores in which ordinary people cannot shop, stores which are immune to the perennial shortages which the lower class must endure (see [[queuing]]).

It is important to distinguish the concept of "communism" from the political entities known as the "communist party of (insert country name here)". The concept of communism is much different from how it has always been practiced.

The term communism has taken on several meanings and is often used to describe Marxism, the doctrine developed by [[Karl Marx]], and the variations of Marxism, such as those developed by [[Vladimir Ilyich Lenin| Vladimir Lenin]], Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong. Marxism advocates the overthrow of capitalism by a revolution of the proletariat, the social group which does not control the means of production. The goal of Marxism is to create a society that is completely classless, including economic and political classes, which would result in an anarchist society. The difference between Marxism and communist-anarchism is the Marxist belief that a dictatorship of the proletariat is needed before transitioning to true communism. A socialist state would be created which would supervise the economy and unions to ensure the proletariat have the ability to sustain communism. True communism follows the dismantling of the socialist state.

The most famous government to label itself "communist" is the former [[USSR]] or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; the Communist Party controlled its government from 1922 to 1991. This government was officially atheist and attempted to suppress all religion. Like many authoritarian regimes, it tried to cultivate reverence for the state as a psychological substitute for religion. Left-wing critics of the USSR charged that it was communist in name only, and had betrayed the revolution which founded it. George Orwell expressed this viewpoint eloquently in his 1945 fable ''[[Animal Farm]]''.

In a famous quote, Marx described the core of communism: "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs". Another quote by Marx was, "The theory of the Communism may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of private property."

==Early Christian sharing==

As described in the Acts of the Apostles, early Christians practiced some form of ''voluntary'' sharing for the common good:

:And all that believed were together, and had all things common; And sold their possessions and goods, and parted them to all men, as every man had need. (Acts 2:44-45, KJV)

:Neither was there any among them that lacked: for as many as were possessors of lands or houses sold them, and brought the prices of the things that were sold,

:And laid them down at the apostles' feet: and distribution was made unto every man according as he had need.

:And Joses, who by the apostles was surnamed Barnabas, (which is, being interpreted, The son of consolation,) a Levite, and of the country of Cyprus,

:Having land, sold it, and brought the money, and laid it at the apostles' feet.(Acts 4:34-7, KJV)

Some modern preachers and scholars speak of a [[Social Gospel]], interpreting Jesus' teachings as radically materialistic rather than spiritual, especially referring to his support of the poor and his pleas to the rich to aid those who are impoverished.

However, the price for not giving every penny was steep. The Bible says, "But a certain man named Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession, And kept back part of the price, his wife also being privy to it, and brought a certain part, and laid it at the apostles' feet. But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost, and to keep back part of the price of the land? Whiles it remained, was it not thine own? and after it was sold, was it not in thine own power? why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart? thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God. And Ananias hearing these words fell down, and gave up the ghost: and great fear came on all them that heard these things. And the young men arose, wound him up, and carried him out, and buried him.

"And it was about the space of three hours after, when his wife, not knowing what was done, came in. And Peter answered unto her, Tell me whether ye sold the land for so much? And she said, Yea, for so much. Then Peter said unto her, How is it that ye have agreed together to tempt the Spirit of the Lord? behold, the feet of them which have buried thy husband are at the door, and shall carry thee out. Then fell she down straightway at his feet, and yielded up the ghost: and the young men came in, and found her dead, and, carrying her forth, buried her by her husband." (Acts 5:1-10)

This voluntary communal sharing among the early Christians has been described by Marxists as "communism"; Arnold Toynbee has pointed out,

:The passage in the Acts represents the philanthropy of the primitive Christian Society as flowing from a God-given grace which was the fruit of a belief in the divinity of Jesus. In other words, the charity which is here depicted as moving the primitive Christians to go—in their mutual concern for one another's welfare—to the extreme length of sharing all their worldly goods is not a mere love of Man for Man (which is the limited literal meaning of the word ‘philanthropy’), but is a spiritual relation to which God is a party as well as His human creatures. In fact, this Christian Socialism is a practical application, on the economic surface of life, of the fundamental religious truth that the brotherhood of Man is a consequence of the fatherhood of God - a truth which is driven home with special force by a religion which teaches that God is not only the father and creator of Man, but also his savior who has been incarnate in human shape and has suffered, and triumphed over, Death.<ref>Arnold Toynbee, ''A Study of History'', Annex II to Vol. V, Part C (i) (c) 2, p. 585, ''Marxism, Socialism, and Christianity''.</ref>

Some small Utopian experiments and intentional communities, notably the Shakers.<ref>officially: United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing</ref> have successfully practiced similar kinds of sharing, but rarely for long.

==Modern Communism==
Between 1989 and 1991, many communist governments were overthrown. The [[Berlin Wall]] in [[Germany]], which had become a symbol for the division between the West and communist states, was torn down in 1989, and there was also a large revolution against Romanian dictator [[Nicolaie Ceausescu]]. In 1991, the USSR broke up into several countries. Some of these remained under autocratic governments, but some have embraced [[democracy]].

Although Communism's influence has decreased dramatically in Europe, around a quarter of the world's population still lives under Communist Party rule.

The most famous of those countries governed by a communist one-party system is [[China]], but others (such as [[North Korea]], [[Laos]], and [[Vietnam]]) remain. There is considerable debate as to the extent to which these governments actually implement communist policies. China has not democratized (note especially the crushing of the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]), but its economic policies have been called "red capitalism" by some commentators, as there is a growing sector that behaves in a less-regulated, free market style. China's economy manufactures a wide variety of products that are sold to non-communist countries, and there is quite obvious tolerance of economic inequality, with some provinces struggling with poverty while others prosper.

One of the only remaining Modern communist countries, Cuba, is still kept under economic repression by the USA due to its communist beliefs. Over 100 UN countries are still calling for an end to this highly illegal blockade of trade and services.

==See also==

[[Communism for dummies| Communism for Dummies]]

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:History]]

Isaac Newton

2007-03-24T20:46:38Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

[[Isaac Newton]] was an English [[scientist]] who lived from 1634 to 1727. He was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, alchemist and natural philosopher. He is probably best known for his Theory of Universal Gravitation and his Laws of Motion. His contributions also include inventing the reflecting telescope, developing [[calculus]] simultaneously with German physicist Gottfried Leibniz. Each accused the other of plagiarism, but neither could prove it.<ref>Newton Biography[http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Newton.html]</ref>), and numerous other contributions to his fields of study.

Newton was the first to demonstrate that the same laws that govern the motion of celestial objects also govern the motion of things on Earth. Newton contributed greatly to the advancement of science. His work also advanced the concept of heliocentrism (the view that the Sun is at the center of the solar system).

Newton was a devout [[Christian]] who said his discoveries were inspired by [[God]].<ref>http://www.biblecodedigest.com/page.php/74</ref>. He devoted more time to the study of Scripture than to science. He said of himself, "I have a fundamental belief in the [[Bible]] as the Word of God, written by those who were inspired. I study the Bible daily."<ref>Tiner, J.H. (1975). Isaac Newton: Inventor, Scientist and Teacher. Milford, Michigan, U.S.: Mott Media.</ref>

== Gravity ==

Newton developed the theory of universal gravitation, more commonly known as gravity, when, according to an urban legend, an apple struck him on the head. He realized that the same force pulled the apple to the ground, as kept Jupiter's moons in orbit. His theory stated that all matter is attracted to matter by a force, whose strength increases proportionally to the mass of the objects involved, and inverse proportionately to the distance between them. The theory's accuracy was later improved by the theory of relativity.

== Religious Beliefs ==

Newton believed that God's creation of the universe was self evident given its grandeur.<ref>Webb, R.K. ed. Knud Haakonssen. “The emergence of Rational Dissent.” Enlightenment and Religion: Rational Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1996. p19.</ref> He also warned against using his laws to replace the creator. He said, "Gravity explains the motions of the planets, but it cannot explain who set the planets in motion. God governs all things and knows all that is or can be done."<ref>Tiner, J.H. (1975). Isaac Newton: Inventor, Scientist and Teacher. Milford, Michigan, U.S.: Mott Media.</ref>

His views would today be considered those of a Unitarian.<ref>Bell, E.T. Men of Mathematics.</ref>

Newton is often seen as one of the greatest scientists of all time due to his contributions, which inspired [[Kant]] to create the philosophical concepts of the [[categorical imperative]] and the [[synthetic a priori]].

After his death and burial, Newton was exhumed so he could be buried in a more prominent location in [[Westminster Abbey]]. During this exhumation process, it was discovered that Newton had large amounts of mercury in his body, probably as a direct result of his [[alchemy|alchemical]] experiments. Exposure to large amounts of mercury may explain Newton’s eccentricity in his latter years, as well as his cause of death. <ref>Newton Biography[http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Newton.html]</ref>

==Reference==

[[Category:Biographies]]

<references/>

Homeschooling

2007-03-24T20:39:57Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* High-achieving Christians who were educated at home */

Homeschooling is opting out of formal public and private schools in order to educate children in the home or in specially arranged classes or cooperatives. Parents take a more active role in the education of their children when they homeschool.

In the United States, as of 2003, an estimated 1.1 million students - about 2.2% of children in grades K-12 - were homeschooled. <ref>[http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/homeschool/estimated.asp] Homeschooling in the United States: 2003 Statistical Analysis Report, National Center for Educational Statistics, NCES 2006-042, Feb 2006</ref>

Families who homeschool do so for a number of reasons. Frequently mentioned reasons include concern about safety, drugs, and peer pressure at other schools, dissatisfaction with academic instruction at other schools, the ability to provide religious or moral instruction along with academics, the ability to control what the child is being taught, flexibility in meeting the needs of a child with special needs (such as a physical or mental health problem, a temporary illness, or giftedness), and flexibility in scheduling family life. <ref>[http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/homeschool/TableDisplay.asp?TablePath=TablesHTML/table_4.asp ] Homeschooling in the United States: 2003 Statistical Analysis Report, National Center for Educational Statistics, NCES 2006-042, Feb 2006</ref>

In the United States, opting out of public schools is not new. When Thomas Edison's public school teacher said he was "addled," Edison's mother took him out of public school and taught him at home. But because of compulsory education laws—the first was passed in Massachusetts in 1852, and by 1918 every state had them—schooling at home was a violation of truancy laws, and was rare until the 1970s.

The origin of the U. S. homeschooling movement is often credited to John Holt and his 1964 book ''How Children Fail.'' Holt was "a left-winger who regarded schools as instruments of the bureaucratic-industrial complex."<ref>Micklethwait, John and Adrian Wooldridge, ''The Right Nation: Conservative Power in America.'' Penguin, 2004. pp. 190-1</ref> However, the movement was also catalyzed when social conservatives became alarmed at the 1962 U. S. Supreme Court ruling which banned prayer in public schools.

Truancy laws brought pioneering homeschoolers into conflict with local officials. The first New York Times story on "home schooling" appeared in 1974, and concerned two parents charged with "educational neglect" by the Westchester County Department of Social Services. Tests showed that they performed at or about grade level "except for one who is a little slow in reading," and the parents received strong support from a state senator.<ref>"Parents Accused in Home Schooling," ''The New York Times,'' July 28, 1974, p. 45</ref> By the mid-1980s the ''Times'' was running articles with titles like "Schooling in the Home: A Growing Alternative" and "There Are Benefits In Homeschooling," and states were legalizing homeschooling<ref>Belluck, Pam (1998), "Life After Home Schooling," ''The New York Times,'' November 1, 1998, p. ED26: "Some 15 years after states began legalizing home schooling in earnest, these early graduates are starting to make their way in the world."</ref> A 1997 article said "It's not only Christian fundamentalists any more" and a 2003 article noted "Unhappy in Class, More Are Learning at Home."

Homeschooling is not without its drawbacks. Studies have noted that children who are schooled at home tend to enter the collegiate and working words less socialized than their public and private schooled counterparts. [http://justenough.wordpress.com/2006/10/25/homeschoolers-are-indeed-weird/] This lack of legitimate socialization can produce difficulties in homsechooled childred engaging in meaningful relationships with individuals outside of their family. Additionally, while the public school playground can be seen as a barbaric atmosphere to most kids who are schooled at home, it is important to note that these exigent circumstances can produce valuable conflict prevention skills that pay dividends in all facets of life.

== High-achieving Christians who were educated at home ==
Some high achievers have throughout history have been Christians who were educated at home, though it should be noted that prior to the 19th century most children worldwide were educated within their family. Here is a list of some of them:
 

 [[Leonardo da Vinci]]{{fact}}
 [[Claude Monet]]{{fact}}
 [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]{{fact}}
 
 [[Stonewall Jackson]]{{fact}}
 [[John Paul Jones]]{{fact}}
 [[Robert E. Lee]]{{fact}}
 [[Douglas MacArthur]]{{fact}}
 [[George Patton]]{{fact}}
 
 [[Thomas Edison]]{{fact}}
 [[Cyrus McCormick]]{{fact}}
 
 [[George Washington]]{{fact}}
 [[John Adams|John Quincy Adams]]{{fact}}
 [[James Madison]]{{fact}}
 [[William Henry Harrison]]{{fact}}
 [[John Tyler]]{{fact}}
 [[Abraham Lincoln]]{{fact}}
 [[Theodore Roosevelt]]{{fact}}
 
 [[Joan of Arc]]{{fact}}

 [[William Cary]]{{fact}}
 [[Jonathan Edwards]]{{fact}}
 [[Dwight L. Moody]]{{fact}}
 [[John Newton]]{{fact}}
 [[Charles Wesley]]{{fact}}
 [[John Wesley]]{{fact}}
 [[Brigham Young]]{{fact}}
 
 [[George Washington Carver]]{{fact}}
 [[Pierre Curie]]{{fact}}
 [[Charles Louis Montesquieu]]{{fact}}
 [[Blaise Pascal]]{{fact}}
 [[Bernhard Riemann]]{{fact}}
 [[Booker T. Washington]]{{fact}}
 [[Adam Yahiye Gadahn]][http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/070122fa_fact_khatchadourian]
 [[John Walker Lindh]][http://www.blessedcause.org/BlessedCause%20Exclusives%20II/ReelingFromLiesofHM.htm] Checkered educational history, in and out of public schools, partly homeschooled
 [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]][http://www.nps.gov/archive/elro/glossary/roosevelt-franklin.htm] (private tutors at home through age 14, then entered Groton)
 

 [[Patrick Henry]]{{fact}}
 [[William Penn]]{{fact}}
 [[Henry Clay]]{{fact}}
 
 [[John Jay]]{{fact}}
 [[John Marshall]]{{fact}}
 [[John Rutledge]]{{fact}}
 
 [[Hans Christian Andersen]]{{fact}}
 [[Pearl S. Buck]]{{fact}}
 [[Agatha Christie]]{{fact}}
 [[Charles Dickens]]{{fact}}
 [[Bret Harte]]{{fact}}
 [[C.S. Lewis]]{{fact}}
 [[Sean O’Casey]]{{fact}}
 [[George Bernard Shaw]]{{fact}}
 [[Mark Twain]]{{fact}}
 [[Daniel Webster]]{{fact}}
 
 [[George Clymer]]{{fact}}
 [[William Livingston]]{{fact}}
 [[George Mason]]{{fact}}
 [[Charles Pickney III]]{{fact}}
 [[George Wyeth]]{{fact}}
 
 [[Ansel Adams]]{{fact}}
 [[Clara Barton]]{{fact}}
 [[John Burroughs]]{{fact}}
 [[Andrew Carnegie]]{{fact}}
 [[George Rogers Clark]]{{fact}}
 [[Florence Nightingale]]{{fact}}
 [[Leo Tolstoy]]{{fact}}
 
 [[Charles Fletcher Lummis]]{{fact}}
 [[Christopher Paolini]]{{fact}}

==Persons of the Bible==
 [[John the Baptist]]{{fact}}
 [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]]

== Other Homeschoolers ==
[[Andrew Wyeth]], American artist, was tutored at home until he was 18. <ref>[http://www.nfgcc.org/51.htm] The Homeschooling of Andrew Wyeth, A Conversation with the Artist, Gifted Children Monthly, May 1986, Vol 7 No. 5.</ref>

[[Mary Breckinridge]] (1881-1965), pioneering American midwife and founder of Kentucky's Frontier Nursing Service. Mary's father was a diplomat, and she was educated in America and abroad by private tutors.<ref>[http://www.frontiernursing.org/History/MaryBreckinridge.shtm] Frontier Nursing Service</ref>

==Footnotes==

<references/>

Democratic Party

2007-03-23T03:53:37Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Religion */

The Democratic Party, also occasionally called the "Democrat Party" by George W. Bush[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/10/20061030-4.html] and some other conservatives, is one of the two major political [[parties]] in the [[United States of America]]. It is generally seen as being on the political left of center, while the rival [[Republican Party]] is positioned to the right of center. It is largely comprised of splinter group coalitions who push each others agendas through [[identity politics]].

Like the Republicans, the Democrats are currently selecting their candidate for the 2008 presidential election; the front-runners in the contest are Senator [[Hillary Clinton]] of [[New York]] and Senator [[Barack Obama]] of [[Illinois]]. The most recent president that was a Democrat was [[Bill Clinton]], who served from 1993 to 2001. In his second term he was impeached by the Republican controlled House of Representatives for lying under oath in a civil case that ended in a large out of court settlement, a reproach from the presiding judge, and his disbarment from the Arkansas Bar, however, the Senate failed to clarify what is meant by "high crimes and misdeamenors".

==History==
The Democratic Party was founded in 1792 by [[Thomas Jefferson]] as a congressional caucus to fight for the [[Bill of Rights]] and to oppose the elitist [[Federalist Party]]. Ironically in view of the party's image as the "party of the common man", Jefferson was a member of the landed gentry and a slave owner.

In 1798 , the party was officially named the "Democratic-Republican Party", and in 1800 Jefferson was elected as the first Democrat [[President of the United States]]. Jefferson served two terms as president with distinction, and was succeeded by another Democrat, [[James Madison]], in 1808 . Madison strengthened America's armed forces and helped to reaffirm American independence by defeating the [[United Kingdom]] in the [[War of 1812]]. James Monroe, another Democratic-Republican, was elected president in 1816 and led the nation through a time commonly known as "The Era of Good Feeling". In this period, the party dominated American politics with little opposition.

[[Franklin Roosevelt]], president during the [[Great Depression]] and [[Second World War]], was a Democrat, as was his successor, [[Harry Truman]].

==Policies and criticism==

It should be noted that the views of individual Democrats sometimes diverge from the party's official stance as expressed in its national platform. Naturally, the same is true of individual Republicans.

===Economic policy===
In the field of economic policy, Democrats favor high taxes, higher government spending and a relatively high minimum wage. While they defend these policies as compassionate and socially responsible, people in favor of liberal economics reply that they depress economic growth and stifle enterprise and job creation.

The Democratic Party has historically had ties to [[union|organized labor]]. The [[National Education Association]],<ref>http://www.nea.org/index.html</ref> the largest union of public school teachers, is a backbone of the party, supplying the largest number of delegates to its national conventions.{{fact}}

===Foreign and military policy===
According to its platform, the Democratic Party has the objective of strengthening America, although to date they have never offered a plan on how they intend to accomplish this.Democratic national leadership tends to be ambivalent about terrorism<ref>http://www.news10.net/display_story.aspx?storyid=22045</ref> and insufficiently patriotic.<ref>http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0112/01/smn.19.html</ref>

===Other Policies===
Democrats frequently support [[a woman's right to choose]], [[gun control]], [[homosexual civil rights|homosexual marriage]] and the seperation of church and state. The Democratic party also supports the environment which leads to a loss of jobs and an overall decline in the economy.

==Religion==
One of the curious coalitions within the Democratic party is the strange alliance between devout African-American Christian beleivers and avowed athiests who both claim the mantle of "liberal". While there is negligible if any difference between doctrinal Christian teachings regarding homosexuality in most Black churches and the views expressed by televangelists such as [[Jerry Falwell]] or [[Pat Robertson]], the Democratic coalition relies heavily upon votes of African-Americans and [[gay]]s. This is because African-Americans tend to vote on economic issues.

[[Evangelical]] Christians tend to be associated with the Republican Party. However, both historically and at the present day, [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] voters have had a tendency to identify with the Democratic Party, and a number of Democrat office-holders, such as Senator [[Jim Webb]] of Virginia, are Catholics. On the other hand, several general ideals of the Democratic Party's platform - most notably, the party's overall support for the legality of [[abortion]] - are contrary to the position of the [[Catholic Church]].

==References==
<references/>

==Reference==

<references/> {{fact}}

[[Category:Politics]]

Democratic Party

2007-03-23T03:49:02Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Religion */ Spelling errors

The Democratic Party, also occasionally called the "Democrat Party" by George W. Bush[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/10/20061030-4.html] and some other conservatives, is one of the two major political [[parties]] in the [[United States of America]]. It is generally seen as being on the political left of center, while the rival [[Republican Party]] is positioned to the right of center. It is largely comprised of splinter group coalitions who push each others agendas through [[identity politics]].

Like the Republicans, the Democrats are currently selecting their candidate for the 2008 presidential election; the front-runners in the contest are Senator [[Hillary Clinton]] of [[New York]] and Senator [[Barack Obama]] of [[Illinois]]. The most recent president that was a Democrat was [[Bill Clinton]], who served from 1993 to 2001. In his second term he was impeached by the Republican controlled House of Representatives for lying under oath in a civil case that ended in a large out of court settlement, a reproach from the presiding judge, and his disbarment from the Arkansas Bar, however, the Senate failed to clarify what is meant by "high crimes and misdeamenors".

==History==
The Democratic Party was founded in 1792 by [[Thomas Jefferson]] as a congressional caucus to fight for the [[Bill of Rights]] and to oppose the elitist [[Federalist Party]]. Ironically in view of the party's image as the "party of the common man", Jefferson was a member of the landed gentry and a slave owner.

In 1798 , the party was officially named the "Democratic-Republican Party", and in 1800 Jefferson was elected as the first Democrat [[President of the United States]]. Jefferson served two terms as president with distinction, and was succeeded by another Democrat, [[James Madison]], in 1808 . Madison strengthened America's armed forces and helped to reaffirm American independence by defeating the [[United Kingdom]] in the [[War of 1812]]. James Monroe, another Democratic-Republican, was elected president in 1816 and led the nation through a time commonly known as "The Era of Good Feeling". In this period, the party dominated American politics with little opposition.

[[Franklin Roosevelt]], president during the [[Great Depression]] and [[Second World War]], was a Democrat, as was his successor, [[Harry Truman]].

==Policies and criticism==

It should be noted that the views of individual Democrats sometimes diverge from the party's official stance as expressed in its national platform. Naturally, the same is true of individual Republicans.

===Economic policy===
In the field of economic policy, Democrats favor high taxes, higher government spending and a relatively high minimum wage. While they defend these policies as compassionate and socially responsible, people in favor of liberal economics reply that they depress economic growth and stifle enterprise and job creation.

The Democratic Party has historically had ties to [[union|organized labor]]. The [[National Education Association]],<ref>http://www.nea.org/index.html</ref> the largest union of public school teachers, is a backbone of the party, supplying the largest number of delegates to its national conventions.{{fact}}

===Foreign and military policy===
According to its platform, the Democratic Party has the objective of strengthening America, although to date they have never offered a plan on how they intend to accomplish this.Democratic national leadership tends to be ambivalent about terrorism<ref>http://www.news10.net/display_story.aspx?storyid=22045</ref> and insufficiently patriotic.<ref>http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0112/01/smn.19.html</ref>

===Other Policies===
Democrats frequently support [[a woman's right to choose]], [[gun control]], [[homosexual civil rights|homosexual marriage]] and the seperation of church and state. The Democratic party also supports the environment which leads to a loss of jobs and an overall decline in the economy.

==Religion==
One of the curious coalitions within the Democratic party is the strange alliance between devout African-American Christian believers and avowed atheists who both claim the mantle of "liberal".

[[Evangelical]] Christians tend to be associated with the Republican Party. However, both historically and at the present day, [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] voters have had a tendency to identify with the Democratic Party, and a number of Democrat office-holders, such as Senator [[Jim Webb]] of Virginia, are Catholics. On the other hand, several general ideals of the Democratic Party's platform - most notably, the party's overall support for the legality of [[abortion]] - are contrary to the position of the [[Catholic Church]].

==References==
<references/>

==Reference==

<references/> {{fact}}

[[Category:Politics]]

Democratic Party

2007-03-23T03:23:12Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Economic policy */

The Democratic Party, also occasionally called the "Democrat Party" by George W. Bush[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/10/20061030-4.html] and some other conservatives, is one of the two major political [[parties]] in the [[United States of America]]. It is generally seen as being on the political left of center, while the rival [[Republican Party]] is positioned to the right of center.

Like the Republicans, the Democrats are currently selecting their candidate for the 2008 presidential election; the front-runners in the contest are Senator [[Hillary Clinton]] of [[New York]] and Senator [[Barack Obama]] of [[Illinois]]. The most recent president that was a Democrat was [[Bill Clinton]], who served from 1993 to 2001. In his second term he was impeached by the Republican controlled House of Representatives for lying under oath in a civil case that ended in a large out of court settlement, a reproach from the presiding judge, and his disbarment from the Arkansas Bar, however, the Senate failed to clarify what is meant by "high crimes and misdeamenors".

==History==
The Democratic Party was founded in 1792 by [[Thomas Jefferson]] as a congressional caucus to fight for the [[Bill of Rights]] and to oppose the elitist [[Federalist Party]]. Ironically in view of the party's image as the "party of the common man", Jefferson was a member of the landed gentry and a slave owner.

In 1798 , the party was officially named the "Democratic-Republican Party", and in 1800 Jefferson was elected as the first Democrat [[President of the United States]]. Jefferson served two terms as president with distinction, and was succeeded by another Democrat, [[James Madison]], in 1808 . Madison strengthened America's armed forces and helped to reaffirm American independence by defeating the [[United Kingdom]] in the [[War of 1812]]. James Monroe, another Democratic-Republican, was elected president in 1816 and led the nation through a time commonly known as "The Era of Good Feeling". In this period, the party dominated American politics with little opposition.

[[Franklin Roosevelt]], president during the [[Great Depression]] and [[Second World War]], was a Democrat, as was his successor, [[Harry Truman]].

==Policies and criticism==

It should be noted that the views of individual Democrats sometimes diverge from the party's official stance as expressed in its national platform. Naturally, the same is true of individual Republicans.

===Economic policy===
In the field of economic policy, Democrats favor high taxes, higher government spending and a relatively high minimum wage. While they defend these policies as compassionate and socially responsible, people in favor of liberal economics reply that they depress economic growth and stifle enterprise and job creation.

The Democratic Party has historically had ties to [[union|organized labor]]. The [[National Education Association]],<ref>http://www.nea.org/index.html</ref> the largest union of public school teachers, is a backbone of the party, supplying the largest number of delegates to its national conventions.{{fact}}

===Foreign and military policy===
According to its platform, the Democratic Party has the objective of strengthening America, although to date they have never offered a plan on how they intend to accomplish this.Democratic national leadership tends to be ambivalent about terrorism<ref>http://www.news10.net/display_story.aspx?storyid=22045</ref> and insufficiently patriotic.<ref>http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0112/01/smn.19.html</ref>

===Other Policies===
Democrats frequently support [[a woman's right to choose]], [[gun control]], [[homosexual civil rights|homosexual marriage]] and the seperation of church and state. The Democratic party also supports the environment which leads to a loss of jobs and an overall decline in the economy.

==Religion==
One of the curious coalitions within the Democratic party is the strange alliance between devout African-American Christian beleivers and avowed athiests who both claim the mantle of "liberal".

[[Evangelical]] Christians tend to be associated with the Republican Party. However, both historically and at the present day, [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] voters have had a tendency to identify with the Democratic Party, and a number of Democrat office-holders, such as Senator [[Jim Webb]] of Virginia, are Catholics. On the other hand, several gereral ideals of the Democratic Party's platform - most notably, the party's overall support for the legality of [[abortion]] - are contrary to the position of the [[Catholic Church]].

==References==
<references/>

==Reference==

<references/> {{fact}}

[[Category:Politics]]

Trent Lott

2007-03-22T01:58:22Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Trent Lott is the junior Senator from Mississippi.

==Legislative Career==
After graduating from [[Ole Miss]], Trent Lott was the staffer for Rules Committee chairman [[William Colmer]], a conservative Democrat. When Colmer retired in 1972, Lott ran as a Republican, receiving Colmer's endorsement.<ref>http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/12/16/timep.lott.tm/</ref>. In the House, Lott achieved prominence, serving as Minority Whip from 1981-1989. In 1988 he was elected to the United States Senate to succeed [[John Stennis]]. In the Senate he has served as Majority Leader and Minority Leader, and is currently serving as the Minority Whip.

Bob Dole

2007-03-22T01:50:04Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

{{stub}}

Bob Dole, born July 22nd, 1923, was a US Congressman from Kansas and a presidential candidate in the 1996 US elections.

He was the majority leader of the United States Senate from 1995-1996, when he resigned the Senate to focus on his presidential campaign.

[[Category:Political people|Dole, Bob]]

Kansas

2007-03-22T01:49:10Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Kansas''' is a Midwestern state which became the 34th state admitted to the Union on January 29, 1861. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest cities are, in order, Wichita, Overland Park, and Kansas City. The name ''Kansas'' comes from a Sioux word meaning "people of the south wind".

==History==
Kansas was admitted as a [[free state]] in the midst of guerilla warfare between pro-slavery and abolitionist forces that had erupted in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. <ref>http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-BleedingKansas.html</ref> This act provided for an election to determine whether Kansas would be a free state or a slave state, and many people flooded into the state to vote. The vote process was not easy, and was rife with accusations of voter fraud. <ref>http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/kansas.htm</ref> Noted abolitionist [[John Brown]] led anti-slavery forces during some of this time period. This violence continued after Kansas was admitted to the union, and the worst example was the destruction of the city of Lawrence by pro-slavery guerilla [[William Quantrill]] on August 21, 1863, which killed most of the male population of the town. <ref>http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-Lawrence2.html</ref>

==Politics==
Kansas is perhaps one of the most consistent examples of a [[red state]], having voted for the Republican candidate in every presidential election since 1964. 71% of voters supported a ban on gay marriage in 2005 <ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/04/05/national/main685831.shtml</ref>, and both of its senators (Pat Roberts and [[Sam Brownback]] are Republicans), and there is a general sense that the Republican primaries are more important than general elections on a state level. However, this may be changing. [[Kathleen Sebelius]], the widely popular governor, is a Democrat and in her second term. In the 2006 attorney general race, Democrat Paul Morrison defeated incumbent Phill Kline, who had strenuously pushed a conservative agenda, most notably his relentless legal pursuit of abortion provider George Tiller. Former Rep. [[Jim Ryun]]'s surprise loss to Nancy Boyda in 2006 has created a situation in which two out of the four U.S. Representatives (Boyda and Dennis Moore, who represents the affluent suburban area near Kansas City) are Democrats. (The two Republicans are Todd Tiahrt and Jerry Moran).

==Miscellaneous==
Kansas exports more wheat than any other state. Kansas's economy is heavily dependent upon agriculture. <ref>http://www.fas.usda.gov/info/factsheets/CAFTA/ks.html</ref>

Kansas's motto is ''ad astra per aspera'', which is Latin for "to the stars through difficulties." Its state flower is the sunflower, its state tree is the cottonwood, and its state bird is the Western meadowlark.

[[Helium]] was first found in natural gas at the University of Kansas in Lawrence in 1905. <ref>http://www.news.ku.edu/2000/00N/AprNews/Apr7/bailey.html</ref>

The term "What would Jesus do?" was first used by Charles Sheldon, a Topeka minister, in 1896. <ref>http://www.mastersimage.com/articles/ihs.htm</ref>

Cawker City is home to the world's largest ball of twine, which has a 40 foot circumference<ref>http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/Cawker/twine.html</ref>, and Greensburg is home to the world's deepst hand dug well, which is 109 feet deep. <ref>http://www.bigwell.org/bigwell.html</ref>.

Although Dorothy Gale, in the 1900 book and 1939 film ''The Wizard of Oz'', is from Kansas, L. Frank Baum, the author of the Oz books, had never been to Kansas, and based his description of a state where 'everything was grey' on his experiences as a newspaper man in [[North Dakota]].

==Notable Kansans==

[[Bob Dole]], former US Senator and the 1996 Republican nominee for President, grew up in Russell.

[[Amelia Earhart]], the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, was from Abilene.

[[Dwight Eisenhower]], president of the United States from 1952 to 1960, grew up in Abilene.

[[James Naismith]], inventor of the game of basketball, was a professor and coach at the University of Kansas in Lawrence.

[[Gordon Parks]], an award-winning African-American photographer and writer, was from Fort Scott.

[[Jim Ryun]], a three time Olympic gold medalist who held the world record in the mile run and served several terms in the House of Representatives, is originally from Wichita but now lives in Lawrence.

[[William Allen White]], a journalist who is most well known for his bitter piece of conservative satire, ''What's the Matter With Kansas?'', lived in Emporia.

[[Thomas Frank]], an author who is most well known for his book [[What's the Matter with Kansas?]], a look at the political history of Kansas written from a liberal perspective.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:US state]]

Kansas

2007-03-22T01:48:51Z

Bobdoleisawesome: Phill Kline's name is misspelled

'''Kansas''' is a Midwestern state which became the 34th state admitted to the Union on January 29, 1861. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest cities are, in order, Wichita, Overland Park, and Kansas City. The name ''Kansas'' comes from a Sioux word meaning "people of the south wind".

==History==
Kansas was admitted as a [[free state]] in the midst of guerilla warfare between pro-slavery and abolitionist forces that had erupted in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. <ref>http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-BleedingKansas.html</ref> This act provided for an election to determine whether Kansas would be a free state or a slave state, and many people flooded into the state to vote. The vote process was not easy, and was rife with accusations of voter fraud. <ref>http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/kansas.htm</ref> Noted abolitionist [[John Brown]] led anti-slavery forces during some of this time period. This violence continued after Kansas was admitted to the union, and the worst example was the destruction of the city of Lawrence by pro-slavery guerilla [[William Quantrill]] on August 21, 1863, which killed most of the male population of the town. <ref>http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-Lawrence2.html</ref>

==Politics==
Kansas is perhaps one of the most consistent examples of a [[red state]], having voted for the Republican candidate in every presidential election since 1964. 71% of voters supported a ban on gay marriage in 2005 <ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/04/05/national/main685831.shtml</ref>, and both of its senators (Pat Roberts and [[Sam Brownback]] are Republicans), and there is a general sense that the Republican primaries are more important than general elections on a state level. However, this may be changing. Kathleen Sebelius, the widely popular governor, is a Democrat and in her second term. In the 2006 attorney general race, Democrat Paul Morrison defeated incumbent Phill Kline, who had strenuously pushed a conservative agenda, most notably his relentless legal pursuit of abortion provider George Tiller. Former Rep. [[Jim Ryun]]'s surprise loss to Nancy Boyda in 2006 has created a situation in which two out of the four U.S. Representatives (Boyda and Dennis Moore, who represents the affluent suburban area near Kansas City) are Democrats. (The two Republicans are Todd Tiahrt and Jerry Moran).

==Miscellaneous==
Kansas exports more wheat than any other state. Kansas's economy is heavily dependent upon agriculture. <ref>http://www.fas.usda.gov/info/factsheets/CAFTA/ks.html</ref>

Kansas's motto is ''ad astra per aspera'', which is Latin for "to the stars through difficulties." Its state flower is the sunflower, its state tree is the cottonwood, and its state bird is the Western meadowlark.

[[Helium]] was first found in natural gas at the University of Kansas in Lawrence in 1905. <ref>http://www.news.ku.edu/2000/00N/AprNews/Apr7/bailey.html</ref>

The term "What would Jesus do?" was first used by Charles Sheldon, a Topeka minister, in 1896. <ref>http://www.mastersimage.com/articles/ihs.htm</ref>

Cawker City is home to the world's largest ball of twine, which has a 40 foot circumference<ref>http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/Cawker/twine.html</ref>, and Greensburg is home to the world's deepst hand dug well, which is 109 feet deep. <ref>http://www.bigwell.org/bigwell.html</ref>.

Although Dorothy Gale, in the 1900 book and 1939 film ''The Wizard of Oz'', is from Kansas, L. Frank Baum, the author of the Oz books, had never been to Kansas, and based his description of a state where 'everything was grey' on his experiences as a newspaper man in [[North Dakota]].

==Notable Kansans==

[[Bob Dole]], former US Senator and the 1996 Republican nominee for President, grew up in Russell.

[[Amelia Earhart]], the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, was from Abilene.

[[Dwight Eisenhower]], president of the United States from 1952 to 1960, grew up in Abilene.

[[James Naismith]], inventor of the game of basketball, was a professor and coach at the University of Kansas in Lawrence.

[[Gordon Parks]], an award-winning African-American photographer and writer, was from Fort Scott.

[[Jim Ryun]], a three time Olympic gold medalist who held the world record in the mile run and served several terms in the House of Representatives, is originally from Wichita but now lives in Lawrence.

[[William Allen White]], a journalist who is most well known for his bitter piece of conservative satire, ''What's the Matter With Kansas?'', lived in Emporia.

[[Thomas Frank]], an author who is most well known for his book [[What's the Matter with Kansas?]], a look at the political history of Kansas written from a liberal perspective.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:US state]]

Kansas

2007-03-22T01:48:26Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Kansas''' is a Midwestern state which became the 34th state admitted to the Union on January 29, 1861. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest cities are, in order, Wichita, Overland Park, and Kansas City. The name ''Kansas'' comes from a Sioux word meaning "people of the south wind".

==History==
Kansas was admitted as a [[free state]] in the midst of guerilla warfare between pro-slavery and abolitionist forces that had erupted in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. <ref>http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-BleedingKansas.html</ref> This act provided for an election to determine whether Kansas would be a free state or a slave state, and many people flooded into the state to vote. The vote process was not easy, and was rife with accusations of voter fraud. <ref>http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/kansas.htm</ref> Noted abolitionist [[John Brown]] led anti-slavery forces during some of this time period. This violence continued after Kansas was admitted to the union, and the worst example was the destruction of the city of Lawrence by pro-slavery guerilla [[William Quantrill]] on August 21, 1863, which killed most of the male population of the town. <ref>http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-Lawrence2.html</ref>

==Politics==
Kansas is perhaps one of the most consistent examples of a [[red state]], having voted for the Republican candidate in every presidential election since 1964. 71% of voters supported a ban on gay marriage in 2005 <ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/04/05/national/main685831.shtml</ref>, and both of its senators (Pat Roberts and [[Sam Brownback]] are Republicans), and there is a general sense that the Republican primaries are more important than general elections on a state level. However, this may be changing. Kathleen Sebelius, the widely popular governor, is a Democrat and in her second term. In the 2006 attorney general race, Democrat Paul Morrison defeated incumbent Phil Kline, who had strenuously pushed a conservative agenda, most notably his relentless legal pursuit of abortion provider George Tiller. Former Rep. [[Jim Ryun]]'s surprise loss to Nancy Boyda in 2006 has created a situation in which two out of the four U.S. Representatives (Boyda and Dennis Moore, who represents the affluent suburban area near Kansas City) are Democrats. (The two Republicans are Todd Tiahrt and Jerry Moran).

==Miscellaneous==
Kansas exports more wheat than any other state. Kansas's economy is heavily dependent upon agriculture. <ref>http://www.fas.usda.gov/info/factsheets/CAFTA/ks.html</ref>

Kansas's motto is ''ad astra per aspera'', which is Latin for "to the stars through difficulties." Its state flower is the sunflower, its state tree is the cottonwood, and its state bird is the Western meadowlark.

[[Helium]] was first found in natural gas at the University of Kansas in Lawrence in 1905. <ref>http://www.news.ku.edu/2000/00N/AprNews/Apr7/bailey.html</ref>

The term "What would Jesus do?" was first used by Charles Sheldon, a Topeka minister, in 1896. <ref>http://www.mastersimage.com/articles/ihs.htm</ref>

Cawker City is home to the world's largest ball of twine, which has a 40 foot circumference<ref>http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/Cawker/twine.html</ref>, and Greensburg is home to the world's deepst hand dug well, which is 109 feet deep. <ref>http://www.bigwell.org/bigwell.html</ref>.

Although Dorothy Gale, in the 1900 book and 1939 film ''The Wizard of Oz'', is from Kansas, L. Frank Baum, the author of the Oz books, had never been to Kansas, and based his description of a state where 'everything was grey' on his experiences as a newspaper man in [[North Dakota]].

==Notable Kansans==

[[Bob Dole]], former US Senator and the 1996 Republican nominee for President, grew up in Russell.

[[Amelia Earhart]], the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, was from Abilene.

[[Dwight Eisenhower]], president of the United States from 1952 to 1960, grew up in Abilene.

[[James Naismith]], inventor of the game of basketball, was a professor and coach at the University of Kansas in Lawrence.

[[Gordon Parks]], an award-winning African-American photographer and writer, was from Fort Scott.

[[Jim Ryun]], a three time Olympic gold medalist who held the world record in the mile run and served several terms in the House of Representatives, is originally from Wichita but now lives in Lawrence.

[[William Allen White]], a journalist who is most well known for his bitter piece of conservative satire, ''What's the Matter With Kansas?'', lived in Emporia.

[[Thomas Frank]], an author who is most well known for his book [[What's the Matter with Kansas?]], a look at the political history of Kansas written from a liberal perspective.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:US state]]

Opus Dei

2007-03-22T01:45:19Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''The Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei''' (from the [[Latin]] "work of [[God]]") is a Catholic religious group that believes every member of their church has the potential to become a [[saint]], and must perform God's work to attain this holy prize.

The group was started in 1928 by the [[Roman Catholic]] priest Josemaría Escrivá.

Controversially, Opus Dei appear in [[The Da Vinci Code]], and are represented in the film as an evil organization practicing brutial self-flagellation rituals. Opus Dei has stated that this depiction is false.

Trent Lott

2007-03-22T01:41:22Z

Bobdoleisawesome: New page: Trent Lott is the junior Senator from Mississippi.

Trent Lott is the junior Senator from Mississippi.

Mike Huckabee

2007-03-21T00:26:29Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Mike Huckabee''' is a [[Baptist]] minister and candidate for the 2008 presidential election. He believes in [[Creationism]] and was the governor of [[Arkansas]]. He was born in 1955 in Hope Arkansas.

== Record as Governor ==

As Governor of Arkansas, Mike Huckabee has both cut and raised taxes. For example, during his ten years in office, he enacted a 37% increase in sales taxes, a 16% increase in taxes on motor fuels, and a 103% increase in taxes on the sale of tobacco products; however he also cut taxes over 90 times during that period as well. Recently he signed the Presidential Taxpayer Protection Pledge to Americans for Tax Reform.

In 2005 he was named one of Time Magazine's top five governors.

== Political Beliefs ==

'''Taxes''':
He has criticized President [[George W. Bush]]'s tax cuts as being too oriented towards the wealthy, although the Congressional Budget Office released a [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/57xx/doc5746/08-13-EffectiveFedTaxRates.pdf report] in 2004, that claimed the opposite:

'''Spending''':
He increased state spending 65.3% between 1996 and 2004, which was 3 times the rate of inflation. This has led to strong critcism from conservative groups like the [[Club for Growth]]. <ref>http://www.clubforgrowth.org/2007/01/a_report_on_mike_huckabees_fis.php</ref>.

'''Abortion''':
According to National Review, as Governor of Arkansas, Huckabee signed a bill requiring parental consent for abortion, and mandating notification by abortion providers to prospective parents that the unborn baby may feel pain.2 He is generally know to be strongly pro life.

== Personal ==

Huckabee lost 110 pounds while governor of Arkansas and documented his weight loss and set out a 12-step plan for weight loss in his book ''Quit Digging Your Grave With a Knife and Fork.'' <ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7752179/site/newsweek/</ref> He has also made childhood obesity a major platform issue. He attended Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, in Fort Worth Texas, before becoming a Baptist pastor for twelve years in Arkansas.

==References==
<references/>
2: http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=NmNjMmI1ODhjNGVlZWFmNTlmMGNiZTVjYTg1NTUzMTk=

[[Category:Political people|Huckabee, Mike]]

Related Links

http://www.explorehuckabee.com/

Mike Huckabee

2007-03-21T00:26:12Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Mike Huckabee''' is a [[Baptist]] minister and candidate for the 2008 presidential election. He believes in [[Creationism]] and was the governor of [[Arkansas]]. He was born in 1955 in Hope Arkansas.

== Record as Governor ==

As Governor of Arkansas, Mike Huckabee has both cut and raised taxes. For example, during his ten years in office, he enacted a 37% increase in sales taxes, a 16% increase in taxes on motor fuels, and a 103% increase in taxes on the sale of tobacco products; however he also cut taxes over 90 times during that period as well. Recently he signed the Presidential Taxpayer Protection Pledge to Americans for Tax Reform.

In 2005 he was named one of Time Magazine's top five governors.

== Political Beliefs ==

'''Taxes''':
He has criticized President [[George W. Bush]]'s tax cuts as being too oriented towards the wealthy, although the Congressional Budget Office released a [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/57xx/doc5746/08-13-EffectiveFedTaxRates.pdf report] in 2004, that claimed the opposite:

'''Spending''':
He increased state spending 65.3% between 1996 and 2004, which was 3 times the rate of inflation. This has led to strong critcism from conservative groups like the [[Club for Growth]]. <ref>http://www.clubforgrowth.org/2007/01/a_report_on_mike_huckabees_fis.php</ref>
'''Abortion''':
According to National Review, as Governor of Arkansas, Huckabee signed a bill requiring parental consent for abortion, and mandating notification by abortion providers to prospective parents that the unborn baby may feel pain.2 He is generally know to be strongly pro life.

== Personal ==

Huckabee lost 110 pounds while governor of Arkansas and documented his weight loss and set out a 12-step plan for weight loss in his book ''Quit Digging Your Grave With a Knife and Fork.'' <ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7752179/site/newsweek/</ref> He has also made childhood obesity a major platform issue. He attended Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, in Fort Worth Texas, before becoming a Baptist pastor for twelve years in Arkansas.

==References==
<references/>
2: http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=NmNjMmI1ODhjNGVlZWFmNTlmMGNiZTVjYTg1NTUzMTk=

[[Category:Political people|Huckabee, Mike]]

Related Links

http://www.explorehuckabee.com/

William Jennings Bryan

2007-03-21T00:22:23Z

Bobdoleisawesome: New page: William Jennings Bryan was a populist three-time Democratic presidential nominee.

William Jennings Bryan was a populist three-time Democratic presidential nominee.

Scopes Trial

2007-03-21T00:21:36Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

The trial in 1925 of John Scopes for teaching evolution in Tennessee was a defeat of Darwinism. The [[ACLU]] and liberal trial lawyer Clarence Darrow brought the Scopes case in the hopes of winning a public relations and legal victory, but in fact [[William Jennings Bryan]], the liberal three-time Democratic presidential candidate, decisively beat them.

The [[ACLU]] challenged a Tennessee statute, the Butler Act, that imposed a fine for teaching in public school that man descended from more primitive life forms. The statute did not prohibit teaching most aspects of evolution. The textbook at issue in the case taught eugenics, including that man supposedly descended from lower life forms and that some racial groups had evolved to more advanced levels than others.

The textbook also featured the fraudulent [[Piltdown Man]]. At the time, Darwinists claimed that this and eugenics were indisputable science to be taught to students. The Hollywood version heaped mockery on any argument that teaching evolution could be socially harmful.

In the real trial, Bryan quoted for the court how Darrow had previously claimed that murder defendants Leopold and Loeb were driven to crime by what they were taught, which was Nietzche's atheistic philosophy. Bryan quoted Darrow as saying that "Is there any blame attached because somebody took Nietzsche's philosophy seriously and fashioned his life on it? ... The university would be more to blame than he is. ... Your honor, it is hardly fair to hang a 19-year-old boy for the philosophy that was taught him at the university."

Bryan was an extraordinary speaker, recognized to be among the best in American history. Darrow wanted to prevent Bryan from making a persuasive closing argument to the jury, and Darrow searched for another way to try to score points for his side.

So Darrow stunned the court by requesting to cross-exam Bryan, in the hope that Bryan, like many attorneys, would be a poor witness. Darrow's attempt was unprecedented, because trial attorneys almost never take the witness stand in their own cases. Bryan agreed only on the condition that he could cross-examine Darrow. Based on that agreement, Bryan took the witness stand.

A witness in a trial is always at a disadvantage, because he can only answer questions that are posed by a hostile adversary. Attorneys are particularly vulnerable, because their knowledge of the law and tendency to speak in legalese hinder their performance.

Darrow undoubtedly thought that he could turn Bryan into the proverbial buffoon that liberals wanted. As the transcript reveals, Darrow managed to trick Bryan into admitting that the bible could be interpreted in multiple ways refuting Bryan's earlier responses which had demonstrated his steadfast adherence to the bible's miracles.

The cross examination between the two attorneys would have continued had it not been for the intervention of Judge Raulston. Raulston did not believe that the whole examination had any relevance to the case, and dismissed it.

After 8 days of trial, the jury was able to make their decision after 9 minutes of deliberation. Scopes was found guilty on July 21 and ordered to pay a fine of $100 US. This was not that surprising considering that Tennessee is a highly religious and conservative area of the United States.

== The movie and play ==
The play ''Inherit the Wind'', and the adapted movie, were loosely based on the Scopes Trial. Several modifications were made; characters names were changed, and many crucial facts were changed. The authors have said that the play was really an attempt to mock Senator Joseph McCarthy, and to equate anti-communism with anti-intellectualism.<ref>http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/2005/07/08/07</ref> It featured the popular Spencer Tracy as Clarence Darrow, and even garnered a few Academy Award nominations.

The movie features an angry mob trying to lynch a jailed teacher; in fact, the ACLU ran advertisements with offers to pay expenses for a teacher to volunteer for the case, and Scopes was never jailed and never paid even a fine.

The movie portrayed the character based on Bryan as a complete buffoon. In fact, as shown above, Bryan beat Darrow in the courtroom so convincingly that Darrow surrendered, breaking his own promise to testify. Even the New York Times article the next day reflected surprise at Darrow's abrupt capitulation. Bryan's death was also portrayed as happening in the courthouse, when in fact he was an elderly man suffering from diabetes who died peacefully in his sleep.

American history books often describe this case as a catalyst for evolution supporters.<ref>The Enduring Vision, Fifth Edition, Chapter 23: The 1920s: Coping with Change, Paul S. Boyer, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Clifford E. Clark, Jr., Carleton College; et al. (a commonly used American history textbook for Advanced Placement US History classes).</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Bryan, a 65-year-old diabetic lacking in modern treatments, died peacefully in his sleep five days after the conclusion of the Scopes trial. Bryan's victory in the Scopes trial was a fitting end to a principled, illustrious career.<ref> http://gi.grolier.com/presidents/ea/side/bryan.html</ref> Scopes was fined the maximum, $500.00, for his actions.<ref>http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/tennstat.htm</ref>

The law challenged by the [[ACLU]] in the Scopes Trial remained in effect for over 50 more years. In 1967, Tennessee repealed the Butler Act, and in 1968, the Supreme Court ruled in ''Epperson v. Arkansas'', 393 U.S. 97, that such bans on teaching are unconstitutional if they are primarily religious in intent. However, Tennessee continues to downplay evolution in its schools.

'''Sources:''' <references/>

Gerry Studds

2007-03-18T00:01:21Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Gerry Studds''' (1937 - 2006) was a Democratic congressman from Massachusetts from 1973 - 1997. Studds was the first openly gay candidate elected to national office, although he was not openly gay when he first ran. In 1983 he was censured by the US House of Representatives after admitting to an affair with a 17-year-old male congressional page 10 years earlier.[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S001040]

Opus Dei

2007-03-17T23:57:42Z

Bobdoleisawesome: misrepresented is an opinion

Duncan Hunter

2007-03-17T23:52:02Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Duncan Lee Hunter (born May 31, 1948) is a Republican Congressman from California who is running for the Republican nomination for President. He is a Vietnam veteran who worked his way through law school with farming and construction jobs. Once an attorney, he practiced in a storefront office where he often provided free legal services to the poor.

In 1980 he achieved a big political upset in challenging and defeating Democratic incumbent [[Lionel van Deerlin]] in a Democratic-leaning San Diego-based district, which was redrawn to be solidly Republican in 1982. Since the redrawing, Hunter has won reelection. He consistently wins 70% of the vote in the solidly Republican 52nd district of California.
His voting record is virtually 100% conservative in Congress, often taking the lead on controversial issues. Hunter is a proponent of [[fair trade]]. <ref>http://www.gohunter08.com/inner.asp?z=4</ref>

Married since 1973, Hunter has two sons, one of whom is a First Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps who was deployed to Iraq.

In January 2007, he attracted attention by trouncing front-runner [[John McCain]] in a presidential straw poll of Republican precinct committeemen in Arizona's most-populated county, even though Arizona is McCain's home state.<ref>http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2007/01/16/news/top_stories/1_03_321_15_07.txt</ref>

----

'''Sources:''' <references/>

Rudy Giuliani

2007-03-17T23:49:19Z

Bobdoleisawesome: Removed false quotation, profanity

'''Rudolph William "Rudy" Giuliani''' (born May 28, 1944 in [[Brooklyn, NY|Brooklyn]], NY) is a former Mayor of New York City and a former United States Attorney. He is currently a candidate for the [[Republican]] nomination for [[President of the United States of America|President of the United States]] in the [[2008 Presidential Election|2008 election]].

== Early Life ==

In 1944, Rudolph William Giuliani was born to a working class family in Brooklyn, New York. As the grandson of Italian immigrants, Giuliani learned a strong work ethic and a deep respect for America's ideal of equal opportunity. He attended Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School (Class of '61) in Brooklyn, Manhattan College (Class of '65) in [[The Bronx, NY|The Bronx]] and [[New York University]] Law School in [[Manhattan, NY|Manhattan]], graduating magna cum laude in 1968.

==Legal Career==

Upon graduation, Rudy Giuliani clerked for Judge Lloyd MacMahon, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. In 1970, Giuliani joined the office of the U.S. Attorney. At age 29, he was named Chief of the Narcotics Unit and rose to serve as executive US Attorney. In 1975, Giuliani was recruited to [[Washington, D.C.]], where he was named Associate Deputy Attorney General and chief of staff to the Deputy Attorney General. From 1977 to 1981, Giuliani returned to New York to practice law at Patterson, Belknap, Webb and Tyler.

In 1981, Giuliani was named Associate Attorney General, by President [[Ronald Reagan]], the third highest position in the Department of Justice. As Associate Attorney General, Giuliani supervised all of the US Attorney Offices' Federal law enforcement agencies, the Bureau of Corrections, the Drug Enforcement Agency, and the US Marshals.

In 1983, Giuliani was appointed US Attorney for the Southern District of New York by President Reagan, where he spearheaded the effort to jail drug dealers, fight organized crime, break the web of corruption in government, and prosecute white-collar criminals. Few US Attorneys in history can match his record of 4,152 convictions with only 25 reversals.

==Mayoral Campaigns and Service==

In 1989, Giuliani entered the race for mayor of New York City as a candidate of the Republican and [[Liberal]] parties, losing by the closest margin in City history. However in 1993, his campaign focusing on quality of life, crime, business and education made him the 107th Mayor of the City of New York. In 1997 he was re-elected by a wide margin, carrying four out of New York City's five boroughs.

As Mayor, Giuliani focused on restoring accountability to City government and the quality of life for all New Yorkers. Under his leadership, overall crime was down 57%, murder was reduced 65%, and New York City - once infamous around the world for its dangerous streets - has been recognized by the [[F.B.I]]. as the safest large city in America for the past five years. [http://www.time.com/time/poy2001/] [http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/rwg/html/bio.html]

In 2002 he published ''Leadership'', recounting his terms as mayor.

==2008 Presidential Campaign==

He is running for the Republican nomination for president of the United States in 2008. The National Catholic Register is advising Catholics not to vote for Giuliani in 2008 because he is pro-choice. <ref>[http://ncregister.com/site/article/2017 No Deal Rudy]</ref> 

Giuliani is leading in most polling for the 2008 Republican nomination.<ref>http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/us/republican_presidential_nomination-192.html</ref>

== Further Reading ==

*About: Grand Illusion: The Untold Story of Rudy Giuliani and 9/11, 2006
*Rudy! An Investigative Biography of Rudolph Giuliani, Wayne Barrett, 2005
*The Prince of the City: Giuliani, New York and the Genius of American Life, by Fred Siegel, 2005
*Rudy Giuliani: Emperor of the City, by Andrew Kirtzman, 2000

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Biographies]]
[[Category:Politics]]

Jew

2007-03-12T23:44:57Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

A Jew is an adherent of [[Judaism]] or a person born into a Jewish ethnicity. Under most forms of Judaism, anyone born to a Jewish mother is a Jew regardless of their later religious beliefs (for instance, a Jew who converts to [[Christianity]] will still be considered a Jew, although apostate). The State of [[Israel]] is the homeland of the [[Jews|Jewish]] People. Jesus was a Jew.

Republican Jews:
Senator [[Arlen Specter]]
Governor [[Linda Lingle]]
Senator [[Norm Coleman]]
former RNC Chairman [[Ken Mehlman]]
former College Republicans National Committee Chairman [[Jack Abramoff]]
former Senator [[Jacob Javits]]
former Representative [[Seymour Halpern]]
former Representative [[Benjamin Gilman]]

Jack Abramoff

2007-03-12T23:36:39Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

A former chairman of the College Republicans and a superlobbyist.

Jack Abramoff was convicted of fraud, conspiracy and tax evasion and is currently in prison.

Rudy Giuliani

2007-03-12T23:32:13Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Rudolph ("Rudy") Guiliani (born 1944) is the former two-term [[Republican]] mayor of New York City. He presided over the city when the [[9/11]] terrorist attack occurred. He is running for the Republican nomination for president of the United States in 2008.

Guiliani is [[liberal]] on social issues such as [[abortion]], gay rights and guns. In 1994 Guiliani made a highly public endorsement<ref>http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n22_v46/ai_15999869</ref> of [[Mario Cuomo]] in his reelection race against [[George Pataki]], who won anyway.

Guiliani did attract some support by conservatives by emphasizing law-and-order as mayor, which included reducing crime in New York City. When U.S. Senator [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]] announced that he would retire in 2000, Guiliani raised millions of dollars from conservatives in an apparent attempt to defeat [[Hillary Clinton]] for that seat. But after Guiliani raised all that money, he declined to run and many have no idea what happened to their donations.

The National Catholic Register is advising Catholics not to vote for Rudy in 2008 because he is pro-abortion. <ref>[http://ncregister.com/site/article/2017 No Deal Rudy]</ref> 

Prior to becoming mayor of New York City, Guiliani served as a prosecutor for the [[Department of Justice]] in the 1980s. As U.S. Attorney, Guiliani presided over many high-profile arrests and prosecutions, many of them apparently publicity stunts. Acquittals in the Southern District of New York are very rare, but juries acquitted former Miss America Bess Myerson and former Philippines First Lady Imelda Marcos of charges brought by Guiliani.

In another display of publicity, Guiliani began prosecuting insider trading after an investigation by the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] uncovered some illegality. Guiliani then arranged for two Wall Street brokers to be handcuffed, put up against the wall, and arrested at their offices. They were subjected to humiliating publicity, but were apparently innocent: no charges could even be brought against them.

Guiliani's biggest supporter is the New York media, who like his [[liberal]] stance on social issues and Guiliani's devotion to the media. As mayor, Guiliani would hold daily press conferences and also frequently appear on talk shows and even late-night comedy shows. ''Time'' magazine, which is based in New York City, named Guiliani as its "Man of the Year" for 2001.

Guiliani helped arrange for the Republican National Convention to be in New York in 2004, where he often promoted himself before delegates at special events. But Guiliani's only contribution to the [[Bush Administration]] has been to persuade Bush to nominate Guiliani's friend [[Bernard Kerik]] as the head of [[Homeland Security]] after the 2004 election. Numerous scandals then surfaced about Kerik and he withdrew.

Guiliani's personal background is unlike most presidents. He avoided the Vietnam draft first by obtaining a deferment by attending law school, and then by obtaining a dubious "civilian occupation deferment" to serve as an allegedly essential employee -- which was merely as a law clerk for a judge. Guiliani has been married three times. His first marriage was to his second cousin, Regina Peruggi. They were married for 14 years, before Giuliani had their marriage annulled by the Catholic church. His divorce from his second wife to make it possible to marry another woman consumed enormous time and media attention from 2000 to 2002.

Giuliani is leading in most polling for the 2008 Republican nomination.<ref>http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/us/republican_presidential_nomination-192.html</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Biographies]]
[[Category:Politics]]

Rudy Giuliani

2007-03-12T23:31:22Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Rudolph ("Rudy") Guiliani (born 1944) is the former two-term [[Republican]] mayor of New York City. He presided over the city when the [[9/11]] terrorist attack occurred. He is running for the Republican nomination for president of the United States in 2008.

Guiliani is [[liberal]] on social issues such as [[abortion]], gay rights and guns. In 1994 Guiliani made a highly public endorsement<ref>http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n22_v46/ai_15999869</ref> of [[Mario Cuomo]] in his reelection race against [[George Pataki]], who won anyway.

Guiliani did attract some support by conservatives by emphasizing law-and-order as mayor, which included reducing crime in New York City. When U.S. Senator [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]] announced that he would retire in 2000, Guiliani raised millions of dollars from conservatives in an apparent attempt to defeat [[Hillary Clinton]] for that seat. But after Guiliani raised all that money, he declined to run and many have no idea what happened to their donations.

The National Catholic Register is advising Catholics not to vote for Rudy in 2008 because he is pro-abortion. <ref>[http://ncregister.com/site/article/2017 No Deal Rudy]</ref> 

Prior to becoming mayor of New York City, Guiliani served as a prosecutor for the [[Department of Justice]] in the 1980s. As U.S. Attorney, Guiliani presided over many high-profile arrests and prosecutions, many of them apparently publicity stunts. Acquittals in the Southern District of New York are very rare, but juries acquitted former Miss America Bess Myerson and former Philippines First Lady Imelda Marcos of charges brought by Guiliani.

In another display of publicity, Guiliani began prosecuting insider trading after an investigation by the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] uncovered some illegality. Guiliani then arranged for two Wall Street brokers to be handcuffed, put up against the wall, and arrested at their offices. They were subjected to humiliating publicity, but were apparently innocent: no charges could even be brought against them.

Guiliani's biggest supporter is the New York media, who like his [[liberal]] stance on social issues and Guiliani's devotion to the media. As mayor, Guiliani would hold daily press conferences and also frequently appear on talk shows and even late-night comedy shows. ''Time'' magazine, which is based in New York City, named Guiliani as its "Man of the Year" for 2001.

Guiliani helped arrange for the Republican National Convention to be in New York in 2004, where he often promoted himself before delegates at special events. But Guiliani's only contribution to the [[Bush Administration]] has been to persuade Bush to nominate Guiliani's friend [[Bernard Kerik]] as the head of [[Homeland Security]] after the 2004 election. Numerous scandals then surfaced about Kerik and he withdrew.

Guiliani's personal background is unlike most presidents. He avoided the Vietnam draft first by obtaining a deferment by attending law school, and then by obtaining a dubious "civilian occupation deferment" to serve as an allegedly essential employee -- which was merely as a law clerk for a judge. Guiliani has been married three times. His first marriage was to his second cousin, Regina Peruggi. They were married for 14 years, before Giuliani had their marriage annulled by the Catholic church. His divorce from his second wife to make it possible to marry another woman consumed enormous time and media attention from 2000 to 2002.

Giuliani is leading in most polling for the 2008 Republican nomination.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Biographies]]
[[Category:Politics]]

Fair trade

2007-03-12T23:28:57Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

A term used, often by liberals, to replace the term [[protectionism]].

Duncan Hunter

2007-03-12T23:28:14Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Duncan Lee Hunter (born May 31, 1948) is a Republican Congressman from California who is running for the Republican nomination for President. He is a Vietnam veteran who worked his way through law school with farming and construction jobs. Once an attorney, he practiced in a storefront office where he often provided free legal services to the poor.

In 1980 he achieved a big political upset in challenging and defeating a popular Democratic incumbent in a Democratic-leaning district, which was redrawn to be solidly Republican in 1982. Since the redrawing, Hunter has won reelection. He consistently wins 70% of the vote in the solidly Republican 52nd district of California.
His voting record is virtually 100% conservative in Congress, often taking the lead on controversial issues. Hunter is a proponent of [[fair trade]]. <ref>http://www.gohunter08.com/inner.asp?z=4</ref>

Married since 1973, Hunter has two sons, one of whom is a First Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps who was deployed to Iraq.

In January 2007, he attracted attention by trouncing front-runner [[John McCain]] in a presidential straw poll of Republican precinct committeemen in Arizona's most-populated county, even though Arizona is McCain's home state.<ref>http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2007/01/16/news/top_stories/1_03_321_15_07.txt</ref>

----

'''Sources:''' <references/>

Sam Brownback

2007-03-12T20:14:34Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

{{stub}}
'''Sam Brownback''' (born 1956) is a Republican Senator from Kansas who is running for president and touting himself as the most socially conservative candidate available. Brownback is most well known for his pro-life views and his work on human rights issues.

Senator Brownback has come under fire for supporting the Kennedy-McCain proposal on illegal immigration.
[[Category:Biographies]]

Mike Huckabee

2007-03-12T20:13:14Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Mike Huckabee is a [[Baptist]] minister and candidate for the 2008 presidential election. He believes in [[Creationism]] and was the governor of [[Arkansas]].

As Governor of Arkansas, he was a strong supporter of raising taxes. At the end of his ten years in office, he was able to enact a 37% increase in sales taxes, a 16% increase in taxes on motor fuels, and a 103% increase in taxes on the sale of tobacco products.

He has criticized President [[George W. Bush]]'s tax cuts as being too oriented towards the wealthy, although the Congressional Budget Office released a [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/57xx/doc5746/08-13-EffectiveFedTaxRates.pdf report] in 2004, that claimed the opposite:

Huckabee lost 110 pounds while governor of Arkansas and documented his weight loss and set out a 12-step plan for weight loss in his book ''Quit Digging Your Grave With a Knife and Fork.'' <ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7752179/site/newsweek/</ref> He has also made childhood obesity a major platform issue.

==References==
<references/>

User talk:MountainDew

2007-03-12T20:12:04Z

Bobdoleisawesome: You're the one being biased.

Question: What did I do wrong in the entry for God? It is a fact that all three of those religions worship the same god. They worship different prophets(Islam has Mohammed, Christianity has Jesus and Judaism believes that the son of god hasn't arrived yet), but they do all believe in the same god.

Sorry if this is in the wrong spot, I just didn't know how to send you a message.

Due to your excellent contributions to Conservapedia, you have been made a SYSOP. With these new privileges, you can block any troublesome users by clicking the block button next to their username. You can also revert vandalism using the method described [[Help talk:Contents|here]]. Please block users guilty of minor vandalism for a short period of time, such as a week or two. Obscenity and Offensive edits are reason for an infinite block without warning. Congratulations on becoming a SYSOP! ~ [[User:SharonS|SharonS]] 20:21, 25 February 2007 (EST)

Your welcome! ~ [[User:SharonS|SharonS]] 20:43, 25 February 2007 (EST)

Thanks for the welcome. [[User:Tmtoulouse|Tmtoulouse]] 01:52, 8 March 2007 (EST)
== Explaining reversions ==

When reverting as you did [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Dinosaur&curid=6394&diff=17371&oldid=17364 here], it is generally helpful to explain why you choose to revert. [[User:JoshuaZ|JoshuaZ]] 17:17, 1 March 2007 (EST)

I'll do that in the future. The user in question was obviously trying to be snarky, but that's nothing I couldn't have specified. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 17:27, 1 March 2007 (EST)

: It didn't strike me as snarky. It seemed to me to be highly reasonable especially since there issues when we use the term "creationist" precisely what we mean, whether YEC or some other form. This is discussed briefly at [[creationism]]. Regardless, it doesn't make much sense to say someone was in a category when everyone in their time period was in that category. It would be like labeling Julius Caesar pagan. [[User:JoshuaZ|JoshuaZ]] 17:32, 1 March 2007 (EST)

: I would dispute whether everybody was a creationist in 1841, but I don't think this is really worth arguing over, so if you wish to revert it back, feel free. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 17:35, 1 March 2007 (EST)

== Good entry! ==

Nice entry on Henry David Thoreau! Thanks!--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 15:16, 2 March 2007 (EST)

Thanks. I hope to expand on it eventually. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 02:32, 5 March 2007 (EST)

== Tournament Chess Player ==

That's impressive that you're a tournament chess player! I liked chess but was never very good at it.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 17:24, 6 March 2007 (EST)

I never actually started taking the game seriously until high school. It just became an addiction for me. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 18:59, 6 March 2007 (EST)

==Koronus==
Don't worry I unblocked him to tweak his block. I found an obscene deleted article floating around . He is now blocked for 1 year. [[User:Geo.plrd|Geo.]] 01:05, 7 March 2007 (EST)

== Edit reverted as vandalism. ==

Regarding [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Unicorn&diff=20130&oldid=20129] it was added by [[User:Conservative]] so I presume it was meant to be serious. [[User:JoshuaZ|JoshuaZ]] 20:51, 7 March 2007 (EST)

I think that at the very least, there shouldn't be a statement that implies that the existence of unicorns is definite. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 20:52, 7 March 2007 (EST)

==Staying up Late==

Does Jesus know you are staying up late on a Friday night standing guard over Conservapedia? Shouldn't you be out attempting to be fruitful and multiply?

== Delete and block ==

Please delete Mecha Jesus again and block the user in question. Thanks. [[User:JoshuaZ|JoshuaZ]] 23:57, 9 March 2007 (EST)

== Cheesy potatoes ==

I think it was a little trigger-happy of you to delete the article without saying anything in the discussion taking place at [[Talk:Cheesy potatoes]]. It's not too late to discuss it there now. I'm not suggesting you undelete it, but I think the creator of the article should be given a chance to explain.

Entirely guesswork on my part, but I think it was a good-faith if frivolous contribution by a youngish person. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith]] 13:19, 10 March 2007 (EST)

P. P. S. At Wikipedia I don't believe this would have been a valid "speedy deletion" (one performed by a sysop without discussion). [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith]] 13:21, 10 March 2007 (EST)

== Making conservatives look bad? ==

How am i making conservatives look bad? Scooter Libby is a pariah although liberals don't want to admit it... I thought this site was about the truth--[[User:PatRobertson2008|PatRobertson2008]] 20:30, 10 March 2007 (EST)

== The liberal media's already beating up on Gingrich! ==

Poor guy! They were making him look bad in 1995 and it's back again! We need to have his reponse here! I don't want a closet liberal like Giuilani or Mitt Romney to become president!--[[User:PatRobertson2008|PatRobertson2008]] 20:33, 10 March 2007 (EST)

You'd rather have an admitted adulterer and hypocrite? --[[User:Sandbagger|Sandbagger]] 15:03, 11 March 2007 (EDT)

What are you trying to say?
And I've never endorsed any political candidate on Conservapedia. I am only trying to remove obvious vandalism. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 15:04, 11 March 2007 (EDT)

== Good block and revert ==

Excellent block and rollback, and locking of the Bush page. Very well done! As you did, when it is an obscenity then simply put on an infinite block. We don't want that block ever expiring. Thanks!--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 20:42, 10 March 2007 (EST)

P.S. You're absolutely right about being suspicious based on the user id (or screen name). It's amazing how 95% of the time the user id is an obvious giveaway to the bad intentions.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 20:45, 10 March 2007 (EST)

Great move in protecting [[Ann Coulter]]. Thanks!--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 15:10, 11 March 2007 (EDT)

== why did you block me? ==

The first line of that article was entirely evolutionist, I was adding the American view. --[[User:Joseph84|Joseph84]] 19:33, 11 March 2007 (EDT)

I didn't block you. Your entry was clearly sarcastic. I only warned you. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 19:35, 11 March 2007 (EDT)

== "Sex" page ==

I just made a pretty little table on the page, and then protected it from editing. So the page does exist, but without any content but the table. --[[User:Hojimachong|Hojimachong]] 19:47, 11 March 2007 (EDT)

== Not Sure ==

I'm not quite sure. Ask Andrew, he should know. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 22:41, 11 March 2007 (EDT)

:It seems as though you've figured it out. How do you do it? --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 22:46, 11 March 2007 (EDT)

== Facebook ==

Could you send me a Facebook invite? The Email this User link is active for me. Thanks, --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 00:11, 12 March 2007 (EDT)

I can't get the link to work. However, you don't have to have an invite to register. I can send you the link to that actual page within the site if you register. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 00:29, 12 March 2007 (EDT)

OK, thanks for the info. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 00:34, 12 March 2007 (EDT)

== Bad Editing ==

----

Look, I didn't delete everything written before as you allege. Compare the two and you'll see that. All of the previous contributions are there, minus grammar errors and POV stuff. Maybe you should read a little more before you jump to conclusions.... [[User:Romney4King|Romney4King]]

There are some differences, but they aren't as substantial as I thought at first, and I do see that your edits produce a well written article, so I'm going to leave it. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 15:14, 12 March 2007 (EDT)

== Multiple reversions without explanation ==

User Ank mangled my contribution, which was factual. Then you go ahead and revert both his mangling of it while deleting my contribution all together. That's not fair. --[[User:Bturpin|Ben]] 15:27, 12 March 2007 (EDT)

I reverted everything he did because he vandalized about 15 pages and I couldn't look at all of them while keeping up with the current wave of vandalism. Feel free to re-incorporate your edits. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 15:28, 12 March 2007 (EDT)

== You're the one being biased. ==

"Fair trade" is what the liberals use to cover up the stigma of the protectionism.

Bill Clinton

2007-03-10T22:59:03Z

Bobdoleisawesome: added Oklahoma city bombing

'''Bill Clinton''' (full name: William Jefferson Clinton) served as the 42nd [[President of the United States of America]] from 1993-2001, following [[George H. W. Bush]] and preceding [[George W. Bush]]. His election is notable as he never won a majority of the popular vote, though he won more votes than any of his opponents, unlike his successor. He was impeached by the US House of Representatives during his second term for lying in grand jury testimony connected to the Paula Jones lawsuit. However, the US Senate voted not to remove him from office. His term also saw an increase in terrorism directed at the United States. These incidents included the first bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993, the Alfred P. Murrah building bombing in Oklahoma City in 1995, the bombings of the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 and the attack on the USS Cole in 2000. Unlike his successor, the Clinton administration caught the terrorist masterminds behind the 1993 and 1995 attacks, Ramzi Yousef and Timothy McVeigh.

[[Image:billclinton.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Bill Clinton]]

Clinton won in 1992 with 43% of the popular vote, capitalizing on public discontent with a weak economy and public displeasure with President [[George H. W. Bush]]'s proposed tax increases, and Ross Perot, a popular third candidate. In his first two years in office, 1993 through 1994, Clinton failed at his massive attempt to "reform" health-care in the United States by some sort of government-backed universal health-care insurance, which many conservatives felt would result in effective government control of the health care system. His approach consisted of appointing a planning committee with secret members to reshape this important sector of the economy. The [[Association of American Physicians and Surgeons]] successfully sued to force disclosure of the committee members and ultimately to defeat the program.

Clinton also signed into law the [[Violence Against Women Act]], which opened the federal courts to claims of domestic disputes between men and women, which had always been handled under state rather than federal law. A key provision of this law was later ruled unconstitutional in [[United States v. Morrison]].<ref>http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/99-5.ZS.html</ref>

In 1994, voters expressed their high disapproval of Clinton by giving a landslide victory to Republicans in Congress, where Republicans won 49.9% of the popular vote (compared to the Democrat's 44%). This event was tagged the "Republican Revolution," in which Republicans promised America reforms including term limits, presidential line-item veto, and a balanced budget. That ended much of Clinton's power. He was reelected with 49.2% of the popular vote against a weak Republican candidate in 1996 ([[Robert Dole | Bob Dole]]) and a weaker "populist" candidate, [[H. Ross Perot]]. The re-election of Clinton despite the demonstrated preference of the electorate in 1994 for Republican candidates may well be due to the electorate's preference for a [[divided government]], in which the executive branch and the congress are representative of different parties, unlike the elections in 2002 or 2004. Clinton spent the remainder of his presidency combating scandals. A special prosecutor was named to investigate Clinton for allegations of impropriety in the Whitewater real-estate scandal, an investment of Clinton's in a failed real estate venture. Although nothing came out of this investigation, and it turned out that Clinton actually lost money on his investment, one of the results of the investigation was that the special prosecutor turned to investigating other Clinton activities, one of which (the [[Monica Lewinsky]] scandal) resulted in his impeachment. After a brief trial, the Senate acquitted all charges.

Under Clinton's presidency, the economy boomed, creating the largest ever budget surplus. <ref>http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/27/clinton.surplus/</ref>

Clinton also attempted to use the American military to kill [[Osama Bin Laden]] and [[Al Qaeda]], an action which was seen by some as an attempt to distract the nation from the [[Monica Lewinsky scandal]]. Some have also applied this criticism to his successor.

Bill Clinton's wife, [[Hillary_Rodham_Clinton|Hillary Clinton]], has long sought to become president herself. She used her position of influence to obtain the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate without opposition in 2000, and was elected in this safely Democratic state. Reelected in 2006, she is now running for president in 2008.

----

'''Sources:''' <references/>

[[Category:Biographies]]
[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]

Bill Frist

2007-03-10T22:56:53Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''William Harrison "Bill" Frist, Sr.''' is a physician and former [[United States Senator]] from Tennessee. He is famous for having performed a diagnosis of [[Terri Schiavo]] from the Senate floor.

Massachusetts

2007-03-10T22:54:09Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Massachusetts''' is a [[liberal]] state in the [[United States]]. Its senators are two of the most liberal men in the Senate: [[John Kerry]] (who unsuccessfully ran for [[President]] in 2004) and [[Ted Kennedy]]. Massachusetts is infamous for its legalization of [[same-sex marriage]].

Joseph McCarthy

2007-03-10T22:51:25Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was a Republican US senator who is best known for attempting to expose alleged Communists who had infiltrated the American government.

He gave a famous speech in Wheeling, WV, where he said the following: "I have here in my hand a list of 205 people that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party, and who, nevertheless, are still working and shaping the policy of the State Department."

McCarthy was censured by the Senate insulting some of his colleagues. Republican Ralph Flanders introduced the censure measure.

Newt Gingrich

2007-03-10T05:44:09Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Newt Gingrich (born 6/17/1943) is a conservative politician. Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives, and is generally credited with being the mastermind of the morality-based Republican Revolution of 1994. Gingrich's accomplishments include a number of showdowns with [[President Bill Clinton.]] In one case, Gingrich called Clinton's bluff and shut down the federal government rather than give into Clinton's demands for tax increases. Gingrich also held Clinton's feet to the fire during the Monica Lewinsky scandal, while expertly avoiding criticism for his own marital infidelities [[Media:http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/03/09/gingrich.schneider/index.html]].

Newt Gingrich was forced out of the Republican leadership as a result of the poor Republican performance in the 1998 off-year election, the only mid-term election in a president's second term in the last 60 years where the opposition party failed to gain seats. T

The conservative politician is now thought to be positioning himself for the 2008 presidential race.

Newt Gingrich has publicly admitted to having been engaged in an extra-marital sexual relationship during the period he was pushing for Clinton's impeachment.

Duncan Hunter

2007-03-10T05:33:28Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Duncan Lee Hunter (born May 31, 1948) is a Republican Congressman from California who is running for the Republican nomination for President. He is a Vietnam veteran who worked his way through law school with farming and construction jobs. Once an attorney, he practiced in a storefront office where he often provided free legal services to the poor.

In 1980 he achieved a big political upset in challenging and defeating a popular Democratic incumbent in a mostly Democratic district, and Hunter has won reelection by wide margins ever since. He consistently wins 70% of the Democratic vote, even though he is a Republican.

His voting record is virtually 100% conservative in Congress, often taking the lead on controversial issues. Hunter is a [[protectionist]], opposing free trade agreements.
Married since 1973, Hunter has two sons, one of whom is a First Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps who was deployed to Iraq.

In January 2007, he attracted attention by trouncing front-runner [[John McCain]] in a presidential straw poll of Republican precinct committeemen in Arizona's most-populated county, even though Arizona is McCain's home state.<ref>http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2007/01/16/news/top_stories/1_03_321_15_07.txt</ref>

----

'''Sources:''' <references/>

Marriage

2007-03-10T05:30:10Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Marriage is a religious institution which binds a man and a woman together for life.

== The Republican Party and Marriage ==
The Republican party staunchly supports the institution of marriage. Many Republicans are so supportive of marriage that they get married several different times.

John McCain: Carol Shepp, Cindy Hensley 
Rudy Giuliani: Regina Peruggi, Donna Hanover, Judith Nathan 
Newt Gingrich: Jackie Battley, Marianne Ginther, Callista Bisek

Marriage

2007-03-10T05:29:25Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Marriage is a religious institution which binds a man and a woman together for life.

== The Republican Party and Marriage ==
The Republican party staunchly supports the institution of marriage. Many Republicans are so supportive of marriage that they get married several different times.

John McCain: Carol Shepp, Cindy Hensley
Rudy Giuliani: Regina Peruggi, Donna Hanover, Judith Nathan
Newt Gingrich: Jackie Battley, Marianne Ginther, Callista Bisek

Kansas

2007-03-10T05:13:12Z

Bobdoleisawesome: /* Notable Kansans */

Sam Brownback

2007-03-10T05:11:27Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Sam Brownback''' (born 1956) is a [[Republican]] Senator from [[Kansas]] who is running for president and touting himself as the most socially conservative candidate available. Brownback is most well known for his pro-life views and his work on human rights issues.

Senator Brownback is a strong supporter of amnesty for illegal aliens. <ref>http://newsmax.com/archives/ic/2006/4/8/225801.shtml?s=ic</ref>

Sam Brownback

2007-03-10T05:11:00Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

'''Sam Brownback''' (born 1956) is a Republican Senator from Kansas who is running for president and touting himself as the most socially conservative candidate available. Brownback is most well known for his pro-life views and his work on human rights issues.

Senator Brownback is a strong supporter of amnesty for illegal aliens. <ref>http://newsmax.com/archives/ic/2006/4/8/225801.shtml?s=ic</ref>

Mike Huckabee

2007-03-10T05:05:46Z

Bobdoleisawesome:

Mike Huckabee is a [[Baptist]] minister and candidate for the 2008 presidential election. He believes in [[Creationism]] and was the governor of [[Arkansas]].

As Governor of Arkansas, he was a strong supporter of raising taxes. At the end of his ten years in office, he was able to enact a 37% increase in sales taxes, a 16% increase in taxes on motor fuels, and a 103% increase in taxes on the sale of tobacco products.

He has criticized President [[George W. Bush]]'s tax cuts as being too oriented towards the wealthy, despite objective evidence showing that they shifted the tax burden to the wealthy<ref>http://www.clubforgrowth.org/2007/01/a_report_on_mike_huckabees_fis.php</ref>

Huckabee lost 110 pounds while governor of Arkansas and documented his weight loss and set out a 12-step plan for weight loss in his book ''Quit Digging Your Grave With a Knife and Fork.'' <ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7752179/site/newsweek/</ref> He has also made childhood obesity a major platform issue.

==References==
<references/>