Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Sandwich

2026-09-26T00:46:28Z

BerniMento: Reworded hamburger section

[[Image:sandwich.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Club sandwich]]
A '''sandwich''' in the strictest sense is the name given to a popular food item consisting of one or more fillings (such as [[meat]], [[cheese]], or vegetables) placed between two slices of [[bread]]<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sandwich</ref>. The beauty of the sandwich is that it is not only portable - it can be taken and consumed anywhere, from the table to the car to the work place - but the possibilities for fillings are almost endless, with the bread keeping the mess contained.

==History==
Bread is among mankind's oldest prepared foods, and doubtless it was combined with meats, stews, or other foods among many peoples and cultures worldwide, including as a means of containing and holding the other items. It is known that the ''pita'' - a type of bread with origins in the Middle East - had then as now an ability to form a pocket when baked, which would be filled with meat, vegetables, and sauces to suit the consumer. In pre-Columbian Mexico the ''tortilla'' was the staple bread, and often wrapped around other added ingredients.

The historian Edward Gibbon, best known for his monumental ''Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', kept a journal of his life, and wrote down the oldest written reference to food described as a sandwich during a gentlemen's social club for the evening of November 24, 1762:
:''"I dined at the Cocoa Tree with Holt... that respectable body, of which I have the honor of being a member, affords every evening a sight truly English. Twenty or thirty, perhaps, of the first men in the kingdom, in point of fashion and fortune, supping at little tables covered with a napkin, in the middle of a coffee-room, upon a bit of cold meat, or a sandwich, and drinking a glass of punch."''<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=B_8TAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167&dq=edward+gibbon+journal+nov+24+1762&source=bl&ots=_tXg6ZbzLl&sig=ACfU3U2h6-rAWcK2E1tuYZOSY4xzPorrvA&hl=en&ppis=_e&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikm820pvfmAhXpg-AKHWDODhoQ6AEwFXoECA4QAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>

At roughly the same time, a French writer named Pierre-Jean Grosley toured Britain and recorded daily life in his ''Londres''<ref>https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=vIs_AQAAMAAJ&rdid=book-vIs_AQAAMAAJ&rdot=1</ref> (English title: ''A Tour to London''). Grosley also described a sandwich, and elected to clearly state that it was named for someone:
:''"A minister of state passed four and twenty hours at a public gaming-table, so absorpt in play, that, during the whole time, he had no subsistence but a piece of beef, between two slices of toasted bread, which he eat without ever quitting the game. This new dish grew highly in vogue, during my residence in London; it was called by the name of the minister who invented it.''"<ref>https://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history-sandwich/</ref>

The "minister of state" Grosley referred to as the sandwich's namesake was [[John Montagu]], a aristocratic British national, First Lord of the Admiralty, the sponsor of Captain [[James Cook]] on his voyages of exploration, and the 4th Earl of Sandwich<ref>https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/01/13/sandwich-origin-2/</ref>. As described above, Montagu was supposedly a very passionate card player who, according to the legend, ate while playing the game. Rather than get his cards greasy, Montagu had ordered slices of salted beef placed between two slices of bread; his fellow players noticed, of which they in turn requested "to have the same as Sandwich",<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-kent-18010424</ref>. Later biographers would reject the gambling legend; Montague was known to be a workaholic, and it was much more likely that he had the sandwich ingredients brought to his desk and assembled in order not to interrupt his work<ref>https://allthatsinteresting.com/john-montagu</ref>.

Sandwiches are mentioned in the English literature from about 1762 onward, initially as a snack at nightly men's societies. In the 19th century the sandwich became a popular intermediate meal, especially during tea. Moreover, it was in any case a typical English picnic and was considered the best food for rail travel, and still often offered on trains and on airplanes today. In the late 19th century it appeared cut and quartered in social gatherings and private clubs as small snack items; Italian immigrants would bring with them the concept that it was the perfect "working man's lunch" due to its size and portability, an idea which would quickly catch on and spread. And during the 20th century, the sandwich would spread world-wide and be sold by the billions, under such names as Subway, McDonald's, White Castle, Geno's, and many others.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image
! Sandwich
! Remarks
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Hamburger1.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Cheeseburger</center>
| Fried or grilled patty of ground beef, placed within a sliced bun. Possibly originating in Hamburg, Germany, the cheeseburger was originally comprised of scrap meat, onion, and spices. This claim is based off several competing claims around the turn of the 20th century, with the most likely inventor a Danish immigrant named Louis Lassen in New Haven, Connecticut in 1900.<ref>http://aht.seriouseats.com/2005/08/the-history-of.html</ref><ref>https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-hamburger/</ref> Since then the cheeseburger and its variants have become one of the largest-selling and most recognizable sandwiches worldwide, thanks to fast food restaurants.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/15/the-incredible-thing-about-hamburgers/?utm_term=.7e88bd2170bd</ref><ref>http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/hamburger-helpers-the-history-of-americas-favorite-sandwich</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:HeroSandwich.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Submarine</center>
| Split long roll, filled with meats, vegetables, cheese and condiments. Variously known as "hoagie", "grinder", "hero", "wedge" and others, the submarine had its origins with the Italian immigrant communities in the northeastern United States prior to 1900.<ref>https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/HoagieSubmarinePoBoy.htm</ref><ref>https://www.bonappetit.com/test-kitchen/ingredients/article/the-origin-of-hoagies-grinders-subs-heroes-and-spuckies</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:SloppyJoe1.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Sloppy Joe</center>
| A loose mixture of fried ground beef, tomato-based sauces, onions and other seasonings, placed within a sliced bun. A sandwich meant to be a mess, the Sloppy Joe was the creation of a cook named Joe, in Sioux City, Iowa, about 1930, with the name possibly coming from a Key West, Florida bar that originally had no connection to the sandwich.<ref>http://blog.blueapron.com/a-history-of-the-sloppy-jo/</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:Shrimp PoBoy.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Po'Boy</center>
| A Louisiana staple, usually consisting of roast beef or fried seafood, set within a sliced New Orleans baguette. It originated with the "poor boys" of the French Quarter; depending on the story they were either dockyard workers and farmers or strikers around 1929.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/11/dining/11unit.html</ref><ref>http://www.nola.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2017/02/another_bite_at_the_origin_of.html#incart_most-read_celebrities_article</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:Hotdog1.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Hotdog</center>
| Sandwich made by inserting a frankfurter sausage into a small roll split lengthwise. A pork and/or beef sausage with its origins in 13th century Frankfurt, Germany; it would take a German immigrant in St. Louis, Missouri to combine both roll and sausage in 1880. The name itself would be allegedly coined at the Polo Grounds, New York City, during a Giants baseball game<ref>https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/HotDog/HDHistory.htm</ref>, with an associated legend about a failed attempt at spelling the word "[[dachshund]]" when advertising the sandwich<ref>https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/hot-dog/</ref>.
|-
| <center>[[File:PBJ sandwich.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Peanut butter and jelly</center>
| Peanut butter spread over a slice of bread, covered with fruit jelly or preserves, then topped with a second bread slice. Popular as a children's snack, the PB&J was written about as early as 1901.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/magazine/2013/innovations-issue/#/?part=pbj</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:ReubenSandwich.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Reuben</center>
| Hot sandwich consisting of corned beef, sauerkraut, Swiss cheese, Russian dressing, served between two slices of rye bread. The Reuben and its variants trace their origins to Arnold Reuben's delicatessen in New York City, ca. 1914.
|-
| <center>[[File:ChickenSandwich1.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Chicken sandwich</center>
| Hot sandwich consisting of a grilled or fried chicken breast. This sandwich first appeared in 1936 at the Booker T Café in Topeka, Kansas; Truett Cathy would create his version ten years later, beginning the well-known Chick-Fil-A restaurant chain<ref>https://www.ebony.com/life/chick-fil-a-origin/</ref>.
|-
| <center>[[File:PhillyCheesesteak.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Philly cheesesteak</center>
| Thin slices of fried beef steak, onions, and melted cheese, served within a long roll. Pat and Harry Oliveri are credited with creating this popular regional sandwich in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the 1930s.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/2012/04/30/history-philly-cheesesteak.html</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:ClubSandwich1.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Club</center>
| Simple sandwich made with small amount of meat, lettuce and/or tomato, and cheese, within two slices of white bread, and usually served cut in half or quartered. It originated with the social clubs of the northeastern United States starting in 1894.<ref>https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Sandwiches/ClubSandwich.htm</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:BBQporkSandwich.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Barbeque sandwich</center>
| Hot sandwich consisting usually one kind of meat, such as pork, beef, chicken, etc., in which the meat has been slow smoked over a wood or charcoal fire for at least several hours. Although barbecuing has a Taino/Caribbean origin noted when Europeans reached the New World in 1492<ref>http://bbqconnectionllc.com/pigsontherunbbq/2010/05/brief-history-of-north-carolina-pulled.html</ref>, the first sandwich may have been made from pulled pork in a Memphis, Tennessee restaurant in 1922<ref>http://thesouthernweekend.com/if-youre-looking-an-incredible-bbq-sandwich-in-memphis-you-should-start-with-the-first/</ref>.
|-
| <center>[[File:BLT1.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>BLT</center>
| Simple sandwich made with bacon, lettuce, and tomato, and served within two slices of toasted white bread. A type of club sandwich that may have been made prior to 1900, the BLT as it is called was referenced ca. 1920.<ref>http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodsandwiches.html#blt</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:Dagwood1.jpg|150px]]</center>
| <center>Dagwood</center>
| Very tall sandwich to the point of being almost impossible to eat; filled with one to several kinds of meat, vegetables, condiments, and additional slices of bread. The 1936 creation of Chic Young for his comic strip ''Blondie'', it was the snack of choice for his character Dagwood Bumstead.<ref>http://www.culinarylore.com/food-history:what-is-a-dagwood-sandwich</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[British Inventions]]
* [[:Category:American Inventions]]
* [[:Category:British Inventions]]

==External links==
* http://www.sandwich.org.uk/

[[Category:British Inventions]]
[[Category:Fast Foods]]
[[Category:Food]]

Planet

2026-09-25T17:59:08Z

BerniMento: Haumea, Makemake, Eris were never considered regular planets, fixed that.

[[File:Venus and Jupiter 2012.jpg|thumb|280px|Venus and Jupiter conjunction in night sky, March, 2012.]]
A '''planet''' is an astronomical body that has sufficient mass for its own [[gravity]] to surpass rigid body forces, assumed an approximately spherical shape, and has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit,<ref>http://www.iau.org/iau0603.414.0.html</ref> i.e. has "swept out" the area around its orbit during its formation, accreting into its mass all other smaller bodies within its orbit. Consequently, a planet does not share its orbital region with any other bodies of significant size, except for its satellites or those collected later by virtue of its gravitational field.

The order of the planets, from the [[Sun]] outward, is:
#[[Mercury]]
#[[Venus]]
#[[Earth]]
#[[Mars]]
#[[Jupiter]]
#[[Saturn]]
#[[Uranus]]
#[[Neptune]]

[[Pluto]] is no longer considered a regular planet; it was reclassified to a [[Dwarf Planet]] by the [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]], along with [[Ceres]]. Other notable Dwarf Planets include [[Haumea]], [[Makemake]] and [[Eris]].

An easy way to remember this order is, "Mary's violet eyes make Johnny stay up nights." [http://www.nineplanets.org/intro.html]
(The first letter of each word reminds you of the planet's name.)

== Young Earth Creationism View ==
[[Young earth creationism|Young earth creationist]]s assert that [[materialism|materialistic]] explanations of the planet formation are inadequate and contra-evidential.<ref>http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/AstroPhysicalSciences3.html</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/astronomy.asp</ref> In addition, creationists often cite the secular scientific literature in order to make the case that materialist explanations of planet formation are inadequate:

“... most every prediction by theorists about planetary formation has been wrong.” Scott Tremaine, as quoted by Richard A. Kerr who was proposing a new planetary formation model, “Jupiters Like Our Own Await Planet Hunters,” <ref>Science, Vol. 295, 25 January 2002, p. 605 cited at: http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes43.html</ref>

"No one knows quite how planetesimals ever attain protoplanet status." <ref>D. Kaisler, The puzzles of planethood, Sky & Telescope 104(2):32-38, 2002.</ref>

“It turns out to be surprisingly difficult for planetesimals to accrete mass during even the most gentle collisions.” Erik Asphaug, “The Small Planets,” <ref>Scientific American, Vol. 282, May 2000, p. 54. cited at: http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes46.html</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

{{Solarsystem}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]

Chinese Communist Party

2026-09-25T18:08:45Z

BerniMento: added list of politicians with ties to the CCP

[[File:Xi in Maoist outfit.PNG|thumbnail|right|390px|Xi Jinping is the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China which requires that all their members be atheists.<ref>[https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/19567-china-s-communist-party-reaffirms-marxism-maoism-atheism China’s Communist Party Reaffirms Marxism, Maoism, Atheism], New American, 2014</ref> See: [[China and atheism]] and [[Atheism and communism]] ]]
The '''Communist Party of China''' (CPC; ''pinyin: gongchandang'') usually referred to as the '''Chinese Communist Party''' (CCP) is the [[far-left]] [[single-party]] [[socialist]] ruling regime of [[Peoples Republic of China]] (PRC). The party is infamous for placing no value on human life and its ruthlessness to maintain and exercise power. According to the authoritative ''Black Book of Communism'', an estimated 65 million Chinese died as a result of the CCP's merciless attempts to create a new “[[socialist]]” China. Anyone who gets in the way is done away with by execution, imprisonment or forced famine. No single individual of the CCP has ever faced an international tribunal for crimes against humanity. Conversely, the Chinese Communist Party has been rewarded with admission to the [[World Trade Organization]], the [[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]], and was granted Most Favored Nation trade status by the [[United States]] after the [[Tiananmen massacre]] and during the mass arrests and extermination of [[Falun Gong]] practitioners. This enhanced standing of the CCP among global power brokers and elite has only strengthened the grip of control the Chinese Communist Party has on the lives of the Chinese people who remain without any [[democracy|democratic]] rights in the nation of their birth.

During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], the CCP [[Chinese Communist collaboration with Japanese war criminals|collaborated with Japanese war criminals]] in a concerted effort for the sole purpose of crippling Nationalist power, allowing millions of innocent civilians to face horrendously decibel torture, rape, and murder by the Japanese Army, most notably in the [[Nanjing Massacre]].<ref>Keck, Zachary (March 27, 2014). [https://nationalinterest.org/feature/chinas-communist-party-japan-forgotten-history-10533 China's Communist Party and Japan: A Forgotten History]. ''The National Interest''. Retrieved September 19, 2023.</ref><ref>Keck, Zachary (September 4, 2014). [https://thediplomat.com/2014/09/the-ccp-didnt-fight-imperial-japan-the-kmt-did/ The CCP Didn’t Fight Imperial Japan; the KMT Did]. ''The Diplomat''. Retrieved September 19, 2023.</ref> Its leader Mao later thanked Fascist Japan for invading China.<ref>Dent, Christopher (2008). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/China_Japan_and_Regional_Leadership_in_E/0GHZBhi4zz0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=mao+zedong+thanks+japan&pg=PA89&printsec=frontcover China, Japan and Regional Leadership in East Asia], p. 89. ''Google Books''. Retrieved September 19, 2023.</ref><ref>Black, Jeremy (2017). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Second_World_War/FAokDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=mao+zedong+thanks+japan&pg=PT11&printsec=frontcover The Second World War, Vol. III: The Japanese War 1941–1945], p. 1. ''Google Books''. Retrieved September 19, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Nine_Commentaries_on_the_Communist_Party/T5x7BgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=mao+zedong+thanks+japan&pg=PT172&printsec=frontcover Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved September 19, 2023.</ref><ref>Lü, Peng (August 14, 2013). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_China_in_the_20th_Century/gRLREAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=mao+zedong+thanks+japan&pg=PA563&printsec=frontcover A History of China in the 20th Century], p. 563. ''Google Books''. Retrieved September 19, 2023.</ref><ref>Lu, Xing (2017). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rhetoric_of_Mao_Zedong/Qby8DgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=mao+zedong+thanks+japan&pg=PT92&printsec=frontcover The Rhetoric of Mao Zedong: Transforming China and Its People]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved September 19, 2023.</ref>

China's current state constitution was written exclusively by Communist Party members and adopted in 1982. The Preamble reads,
{{quotebox-float|Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of [[Marxism-Leninism]], [[Mao Zedong Thought]], Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Important Thought of the ‘Three Represents,’ the Chinese people of all ethnic groups will continue to adhere to the people’s democratic [[dictatorship]] and the [[socialist]] road, persevere in reform and opening to the outside world, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop the socialist market economy, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system, work hard and self-reliantly to modernize the country’s industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step, and promote coordinated development of material, political and spiritual civilizations to turn China into a socialist country that is prosperous, powerful, democratic, and culturally advanced.}}
The unity within the Chinese Communist Party is shattering as all three factions (Shanghai, Beijing and Zhenjiang) in the party are embroiled in a feud. The Shanghai faction is led by Jiang Zemin, the Beijing faction is led by Hu Jintao, and the Zhenjiang faction is led by President Xi Jinping. Each one of the three is trying to nullify the influence of the other faction. The Jiang faction is suspected of plotting a [[coup d'etat]] for several years with the intention of replacing Xi Jinping.<ref>https://www.breakinglatest.news/news/zhou-xiaohui-xi-zhizhi-points-out-the-secret-of-the-attempted-assassination-of-the-political-and-legal-department/</ref>

Since 2012, when Xi Jinping took office political oppression has intensified and it has blanketed China. Press, social media, film, arts, literature and the Internet in China is heavily censored. Many intellectuals, Tibetans, Uighurs, lawyers, university students have been persecuted for voicing their opinions in favor of democracy.

Cracks appeared in Xi Jinping's hold on the Chinese Communist Party over the catastrophic handling of the [[Covid-19 pandemic]]. This opened an opportunity for the Shanghai faction and the Beijing faction.
[[File:Hong Kong protests.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Grafetti from the late November 2019 Hong Kong democracy protests reads: "Dear World, CCP will infiltrate your government, Chinese enterprises $ interfere your political stance, China will harvest your home like [[Xinjiang]]. BE AWARE or BE NEXT!"<ref>https://twitter.com/HKstreetart/status/1196483549492391937/photo/1</ref>]]
==Biden family collusion with the CCP==

:{{See also|Biden crime family}}
Five months into the [[Obama administration]] in June 2009 [[Hunter Biden]] and Chris Heinz, son of [[Vice President]] [[Joe Biden]] and stepson of Senate Foreign Relations Committee chair [[John Kerry]] formed Rosemount Seneca. The firm partnered with the Thornton Group run by James Bulger, and the Bank of China, to form [[Bohai Harvest RST]] (BHR) in China. [[Devon Archer]] is a longtime friend of former Secretary of State [[John Kerry]] and of stepson Chris Heinz and James Bulger, the nephew of notorious Boston [[gangster]] [[Whitey Bulger]].<ref>Whitey Bulger was the head of the [[Boston]] Irish [[mafia]] who enjoyed federal protection under FBI director [[Robert Mueller]] as an informant. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2335614/Trial-Boston-mob-boss-James-Whitey-Bulger-gets-underway-family-victims-say-look-eye.html Bulger was convicted of 19 murders that occurred while under Mueller's protection; some have linked the Bulger klan to as many as 52 murders while Mueller was U.S. Attorney in Boston. https://www3.bostonglobe.com/metro/1970/01/19/one-lingering-question-for-fbi-director-robert-mueller/613uW0MR7czurRn7M4BG2J/story.html?arc404=true Whitey Bulger was murdered in prison at the age of 89 a few months before the Mueller Report was released.</ref>

The Bank of China is owned by the Chinese government and closely connected with the Chinese military and intelligence services. Biden, Heinz, and Archer transferred and sold "duel use" technology to the Chinese military which was used to create the Chinese [[drone]] program and replicate the Chinese version of the [[F-15]] fighter.<ref>https://nypost.com/2018/03/15/inside-the-shady-private-equity-firm-run-by-kerry-and-bidens-kids/</ref>
[[File:Hunter Biden Bohai.jpeg|right|350px|thumb|Hunter Biden, right, flew to China in 2013 aboard Air Force Two, with his father, Joe Biden, left, December 4, 2013. 10 days later Hunter Biden signed a $1.5 Billion deal with the Chinese military.<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-s-trip-china-son-hunter-2013-comes-under-new-n1061051</ref>]]
Bohai Harvest RST (BHR) invested in an app the Chinese leftwing communist government is using to surveil ethnic minority [[Muslim]]s in western China. Over one million Muslims living in the region are now incarcerated in Chinese [[gulag]]s.

Di Dongsheng, a vice-dean at the School of International Relations at Renmin University in Beijing, made public statements before a large audience on November 28, 2020:
{{Quotebox-float|"We know that the Trump administration is in a trade war with us, so why can’t we fix the Trump administration? Why did China and the US used to be able to settle all kinds of issues between 1992 and 2016?" he asked. "I’m going to throw out something maybe a little bit explosive here. It’s just because we have people at the top. We have our old friends who are at the top of America’s core inner circle of power and influence."

"During the US-China trade war, [[Wall Street]] tried to help, and I know that my friends on the US side told me that they tried to help, but they couldn’t do much. But now we’re seeing Biden was elected, the traditional elite, the political elite, the establishment, they’re very close to Wall Street, so you see that, right?"

"Trump has been saying that Biden’s son has some sort of global foundation. Have you noticed that? Who helped [Hunter] build the foundations? Got it? There are a lot of deals inside all these."<ref>[https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/12/08/top_chinese_intellectual_boasts_about_old_friends_who_are_at_the_top_of_americas_core_inner_circle_of_power_and_influence.html#! Chinese Scholar Boasts About "Old Friends At The Top Of America's Core Inner Circle Of Power And Influence"], December 8, 2020. realclearpolitics.com</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/lyQUtPEBBSA</ref><ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/watch-tucker-carlson-exposes-how-media-democrats-have-been-working-on-behalf-of-china/</ref>}}
===2020 election interference and Chinese collusion===
[[File:Nov. 3-4 2020 Chinese cyberattack.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Real time capture of Communist Chinese cyberattack on selected U.S. counties.]]
:{{See also|Biden-China collusion}}
On November 28, 2020, Prof. Di Dongsheng, vice dean of the School of International Relations at Renmin University, told students in [[Beijing]] how the [[People's Republic of China]] was able to settle disputes with prior American administrations because they have people at the top of America, specifically on [[Wall Street]].<ref>https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/stacey-lennox/2020/12/08/tucker-carlsons-monologue-on-a-chinese-professors-recent-speech-should-terrify-you-n1197202</ref> But when [[President Trump]] was elected, all that Chinese influence went away. "Wall Street can't fix Trump," the professor told the students.<ref>https://youtu.be/yB07iLF2ZWw</ref>

The professor noted that President Trump complained about [[Hunter Biden]] having a ‘global foundation’ and confirmed once again that the [[Biden family]] was in bed with [[Chinese Communist]]s.<ref>https://therightscoop.com/watch-tucker-exposes-scrubbed-video-of-chinese-professor-saying-they-have-people-at-top-of-america/</ref> Hunter Biden in fact holds a 10% equity stake in the Chinese private equity firm [[Bohai Harvest RST]] (BHR) in partnership with the Bank of China through his company, [[Skaneateles LLC]], according to business records from China's National Credit Information Publicity System.<ref>https://freedomjournalist.com/hunter-biden-still-owns-part-of-chinese-business-operation/</ref> BHR was set up as a tool for the CCPs global ambitions, using the Biden name to market Chinese [[imperialism]].<ref>https://creativedestructionmedia.com/investigations/2020/10/31/joe-co-didnt-just-sell-out-america-they-sold-out-the-whole-free-world/</ref>
The Bank of China is owned by the Chinese government and closely connected with the Chinese military and intelligence services. Biden, former Secretary of State [[John Kerry]]'s stepson Christopher Heinz, and convicted [[felon]] [[Devon Archer]] through BHR transferred and sold duel use technology to the Chinese military which was used to create the Chinese [[drone]] program and replicate the Chinese version of the [[F-15]] fighter.<ref>https://nypost.com/2018/03/15/inside-the-shady-private-equity-firm-run-by-kerry-and-bidens-kids/</ref>
[[File:Trump margin of victory before CCP cyber attack and vote switching.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Trump margin of victory (bottom line) in selected battleground states before Chinese vote switching cyber attack.]]
But because of the lack of influence the Chinese Communists had over the [[Trump administration]], the professor stated that they have people at the “top of America’s core inner circle of power and influence” who went to work to get Biden "elected".<ref>https://nypost.com/2020/12/08/professor-claims-china-has-people-in-americas-core-inner-circle/</ref>

The [[American Center for Law and Justice]] (ACLJ) sued the Biden junta to obtain information about House Democrat Intelligence Committee member [[Eric Swalwell]]'s relationship with a Chinese spy. Lawsuits were filed against the [[National Security Agency]], the office of the director of national intelligence ([[DNI|ODNI]]), the [[State Department]] and the [[FBI]].<ref>https://www.wnd.com/2021/02/biden-admin-gets-sued-details-swalwells-china-connection/</ref>

===Bid for world hegemony===
As junta leader, Biden's foreign minister [[Antony Blinken]] told the world that Biden would make no effort to contain the Chinese Communist Party's bid for global hegemony as the planet's premier [[Superpower]].<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/breaking/biden-wont-contain-china-reveals-blinken/</ref>

===List of Politicians with ties to the CCP===

'''Joe Biden''', '''Eric Swalwell'''<ref>https://thenationaldesk.com/news/americas-news-now/org-linked-to-alleged-chinese-spy-who-dated-swalwell-has-ccp-ties-places-staff-in-offices-fang-fang-fbi-apapa-ro-khanna</ref>, '''Tim Walz'''<ref>https://oversight.house.gov/release/comer-launches-probe-into-governor-walzs-extensive-engagement-with-china-and-ccp-entities/</ref>, '''Abigail Spanberger'''<ref>https://cis.org/Cadman/Curious-Case-Chinese-Communist-Campaign-Donor</ref>,'''Dianne Feinstein'''<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/us/chinese-spy-infiltration-mayors-bust-adds-growing-timeline-foreign-influence-creeping-us</ref>,'''Ken Paxton'''<ref>https://www.houstonchronicle.com/politics/texas/article/ken-paxton-donations-china-22438240.php</ref>,'''Judy Chu'''<ref>https://luttrell.house.gov/media/in-the-news/exclusive-gop-reps-target-house-members-collaboration-chinese-intelligence</ref>,'''Ro Khanna'''<ref>https://www.facebook.com/CBSNews/videos/httpscbsnws4im6i5z/1650639689916524/</ref>

==Organization==

As China's economy has expanded since the 1980s, the scale of corruption has grown dramatically. A 2011 report released by China's central bank estimated that from the mid-1990s to 2008, corrupt officials who fled overseas took with them $120 billion in stolen funds. A 2012 [[Washington, DC]]-based think tank estimated that total illicit financial flows out of China in the decade from 2001 through 2010 amounted to $2.74 trillion, over 20 times as much as the official CCP account in a closely parallel timeframe.<ref>The 2012 Bo Xilai Affair highlighted the degree to which the families of top Party officials were able to parlay access to political power into vast personal wealth.

Bo sat on the 25-member Party Politburo and Central Committee, and was Party Secretary of a powerful municipality. Bo styled himself as a champion of the poor and dispossessed, supporting the state-run economy, leading a crackdown on supposed organized crime bosses, and fanning nostalgia for the violent [[Antifa|Anti-fascist]] Cultural Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. Bo’s rhetoric was critical of the [[income gap]] and broken promises to the [[working class]] that accompanied China’s rise to become the world’s second-largest economy. Bo was widely reported as a candidate for promotion to the Politburo Standing Committee.

Bo’s wife was convicted of [[murder]] of a British businessman in August 2012. Bo’s vice mayor was convicted of “bending the law for selfish ends, defection, abuse of power and bribe-taking” in September 2012. Days later, the Party Politburo expelled Bo from the Party’s ranks and announced that it was transferring his case to state judicial authorities. The Party investigation concluded that Bo “bore major responsibility” in the cases of his vice-mayor’s actions and his wife’s involvement in the murder, and alleged that he “took advantage of his office to seek profits for others and received huge bribes personally and through his family.” [[Social media]] brought the scandal to light, creating problems for existing leadership.</ref> In 2012, the following internal data leaked out: 90 percent of central party committee members had relatives and children who had emigrated to foreign countries; 85 percent of top officials were ready to abandon their positions and escape the country. That's why China doesn't allow any officials above mid-level local positions to hold their own passports.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/the-chinese-communist-party-is-sinking-like-the-titanic-but-officials-have-a-plan_3382776.html</ref> The problems grew out of socialism's [[single-party control|one-party system]] model with a lack of [[checks and balances]].

With 85 million dues-paying members, just over 6% of China's population of 1.35 billion, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the largest political party in the world (2013 data) with more members than the entire population of [[Germany]]. The party exercises extreme control over every aspect of the Chinese people's lives, from what they see on [[social media]] to how many children they can have. The Chinese Communist Party tries to be all-powerful. The entire structure of the Communist Party, from top to bottom, encourages corruption and abuses. In this type of system, the party takes all the credit when things go well, but it bears none of the responsibility when things go wrong.

Since 2011 the Chinese government's Internal Security budget, which is also known as their Stability Maintenance budget, has been larger than their military budget. The Communist Party considers any threat to stability as a threat to their rule.

===Politburo Standing Committee===
{{See also|Politburo Standing Committee}}
The 7-member Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) is the most senior leadership body with each member ranked 1 thru 7, not as equals. Each shoulders primary responsibility for a specific portfolio. The Paramount Leader, Xi Jinping as of 2020, is ranked No. 1. Past Paramount Leaders have been in order of succession:
*[[Mao Zedong]] (1949-1976)
*[[Hua Guofeng]] (1976-1978)
*[[Deng Xiaoping]] (1978-1989)
*[[Jiang Zemin]] (1989-2003)
*[[Hu Jintao]] (2002-2012)
*[[Xi Jinping]] (2012–present)

The Paramount Leader usually holds three positions, Party General Secretary, President or [[Head of State]], and Chairman of the Central Military Commission or [[Commander-in-chief]] of the [[People's Liberation Army]]. The Central Military Commission is not under the civilian control of the State Council. In the Chinese Communist party structure, the Central Military Commission is of equal rank to the civilian bureaucracy.

The second-ranked PSC member serves as Premier of the State Council, which manages the state bureaucracy. He is effectively China's top economic official.

The third-ranked PSC member serves as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), China's unicameral legislature.

The fourth-ranked PSC member serves as chairman of a political advisory body, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee. He is responsible for outreach to non-Communist groups, such as China's eight minor political parties, all of which pledge loyalty to the Communist Party, and state-sanctioned religious associations.

The fifth-ranked PSC member heads the Party Secretariat, which oversees the Party bureaucracy. He also has responsibility for ideology and propaganda.

The sixth-ranked PSC member heads the Party's Central Disciplinary Inspection Commission (CDIC), the Party's internal discipline enforcement arm which polices the Party's ranks.

The seventh-ranked PSC member serves as the top-ranked State Council vice premier and assists the Premier with his duties.

As of 2021 the Politburo Standing Committee consisted of, ranked one to seven, Xi Jinping (General Secretary), Li Keqiang, Wang Yang, Li Zhanshu, [[Wang Huning]], Zhao Leji, and Han Zheng.

PSC members also head Party “Leading Small Groups” (LSGs) for their policy areas. LSGs are secretive bodies intended to facilitate cross-agency coordination in the implementation of Politburo Standing Committee decisions. China has no coordinating body analogous to the U.S. [[National Security Council]]. “Leading Small Groups” at the top of the Party and the State seek to bring together representatives from multiple agencies to coordinate and build consensus around policy in specific areas. The phenomenon is known as “stove-piping,” in which individual ministries and other hierarchies share information up and down the chain of command, but not horizontally with each other.

===Politburo===
Behind the Politburo Standing Committee is the 25-member Politburo, sometimes referred to as the Party's Politburo or full Politburo. Some members of the 25-member Party Politburo hold dual responsibilities, such as provincial governors or high-ranking military. All 7 Members of the Politburo Standing Committee are also members, as well as two vice chairmen of the Central Military Commission.

Although the seven members of the Politburo Standing Committee are ranked, from one to seven, regular Politburo members are of equal rank under the principles of Democratic Socialism. Because of its relatively unwieldy size and the geographic diversity of its members, the full Politburo is not involved in day-to-day decision-making.

All Party Politburo members, including the 7-member Politburo Standing Committee, are also members of the lower 200+ Central Committee.

While the head of the Discipline Inspection Commission sits on the 7-member Politburo Standing Committee, the heads of the next three most powerful departments in the Party bureaucracy sit on the regular Politburo. Those departments are:
* The Organization Department: responsible for the recruitment of Party members and their training, career development, and assignment to jobs across the party and state, the legislatures, state-owned corporations, universities, and other public institutions. Under the principles of [[Democratic Socialism]], selections are made throughout [[academia]], state enterprises and [[trade union]]s by the Organization Department for entry-level positions as delegates to the Party Congress.

* The Propaganda (or “Publicity”) Department: responsible for the Party's messaging and for control of the media and ideology. In coordination with the Organization Department, the Propaganda Department manages the leaders of the Ministry of Culture; the newly constituted General Administration Press and Publication, Radio, Film, and Television; the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; ''The People’s Daily''; the Xinhua News Agency; and other media organizations.

* The Central Commission of Politics and Law: responsible for ensuring Party control over the internal security apparatus. Its full membership is not publicized. Known members include the President of the Supreme People's Court, the Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate (China's chief prosecutor), the Minister of Public Security, the Minister of State Security, and the Minister of Justice.

===Central Committee===
:{{See also|Democratic Socialism}}
The Central Committee of about 200 members and 170 Alternates is elected by the approximately 2,000 delegates of the 5-year Party Congresses and is required to meet at least once a year. Each meeting is known as a ''plenum'' (or plenary session) and approves major personnel decisions.

According to the Party's constitution, the Politburo Standing Committee and full Politburo derive their power from the Central Committee, whose members “elect” the Politburo, Politburo Standing Committee, and Party General Secretary. In practice, it's a top-down organization, with [[incumbent]] Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee officials providing a list of nominees for advancement to the Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee which the Central Committee then ratifies.

According to the party's Constitution, the Party General Secretary must also be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.

The Political and Legal Affairs Committee (PLAC) oversees the public security bureau, the procuratorate, and judicial systems. The Political and Legal Affairs Committee has the power to control personnel and resources in the police, Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the fields of finance, culture, education, science and technology, and health departments throughout the country.

====Central Discipline Inspection Commission====
:{{See also|Central Commission for Discipline Inspection|Gestapo|KGB}}
The Discipline Inspection Commissions themselves are rife with corruption. When the Central Discipline Inspection Commission conducts investigations, they are frequently politically motivated, even if they uncover real wrongdoing. Officials who keep on the right side of their superiors and colleagues may engage in large-scale corruption, while other officials may be investigated for lesser infractions because they have fallen afoul of powerful officials.

Discipline inspection organizations of the Party consist of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, local Party commissions for discipline inspection at various levels and the grassroots Party commissions for discipline inspection. According to the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA), the Discipline Inspection Commission is tasked with enforcing discipline and handling cases, fostering the capability to assist the Party committees to improve the Party's style of work, organizing and coordinating the fight against corruption, and do a better job of fighting against corruption and improving the Party's style of work in the army, so as to make new contributions to the army building in an all-round way.

The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection works under the leadership of the Party Central Committee.

The local Party commissions for discipline inspection at various levels, the grassroots Party commissions for discipline inspection work under the dual leadership of the Party committee at the same level, and the Party commissions for discipline inspection at the next higher level.

The term of each Party commission for discipline inspection is the same as that of the Party committee at the same level.

The plenary session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection elects its standing committee, secretary and deputy secretaries and reports this to the Party Central Committee for approval.

The plenary sessions of local Party commissions for discipline inspection at various levels elect the standing committee and secretary and deputy secretaries, and the results are passed by the Party committee at the same level and reported to the Party committee at the next higher level for approval.

Whether a discipline inspection commission or discipline inspection members for a grassroots Party committee shall be established or put into position is to be decided by a Party organization at the next higher level in light of specific conditions.

A general Party branch committee and a Party branch committee shall include discipline inspection members.

The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection may, if needed, accredit a discipline inspection group or discipline inspectors to central Party and state organs.

Leaders of the discipline inspection group or discipline inspectors may attend, as non-voting members, related conferences organized by Party leaders of the organ concerned.

Their work must be supported by the Party leaders and organizations of the organ concerned.

====610 Office====
The [[610 Office]] is the main organization created to eliminate Falun Gong. It is nominally subordinate to the Political and Legal Affairs Committee. The Political and Legal Affairs Committee's purview was expanded after the 610 Office was incorporated into it.

With a structure extending from top to bottom throughout the Party, government, and [[military]], it has the power to command all police and judicial organs. This organization is akin to the Chinese Communist Party's Central Cultural Revolution Group, and is dedicated to carrying out the systematic eradication of the practice of Falun Gong. It is an ''ad hoc'' agency at the highest levels endowed with extraordinary and extralegal power.

The 610 Office derives its name from the date of its founding, June 10, 1999. After that date, almost every Party branch, from the province to the county to the district level, established its own 610 Office. The source of the 610 Office's ability to operate extralegally and with impunity is not drawn from the State. Neither the People's Congress nor the State Council has authorized its actions. Rather, approval and support for its deeds come from the CCP. Each 610 Office takes orders from the 610 Office one level above it, going up to the Central Committee 610 Office. The local 610 Offices also take orders from the leadership team of the CCP Committee at its same organizational level.<ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/droi/dv/506_yiyangxia_/506_yiyangxia_en.pdf The illegality of China's Falun Gong crackdown—and today's rule of law repercussions], Yiyang Xia. World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong.</ref>

It later changed its name to the Central Leading Group on Dealing with Heretical Religions or Office of Maintaining Stability.

Official data of the annual reported expenditures from 13 local 610 Offices in various counties and districts across nine provinces in 2014 and 2015 are available online. The total expenditure for these branches, covering a population of some 14 million, was 8.9 million [[yuan]] ($1.37 million). If that ''[[per capita]]'' investment is applied to China's total population of 1.37 billion, the estimated annual budget for all 610 Offices nationwide is 879 million yuan ($135 million). This represents only one part of the party-state apparatus involved in the suppression of Falun Gong.

The ultimate form of financial exploitation has been reported: the killing of Falun Gong detainees and the extraction of their organs to be sold at high prices to Chinese patients and foreign “transplant tourists” as part of a multibillion-dollar industry.<ref>
https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_2017_BattleForChinasSpirit_Falun_Gong_0.pdf</ref> Judicial systems sold organs to the transplant centers. Forensic hospitals actively conduct organ transplants. Special institutions under Public Security Bureaus carried out organ transplantation and human body experiments on a large scale.<ref>such as Wang Lijun’s Jinzhou and Chongqing Public Security Bureau On-Site Psychology Research Centres</ref>

====National Supervisory Commission====

===Party Congress===

Approximately 2,000 delegates are held every five years. Congress delegates rubber stamp the Party General Secretary's report to the Congress, which serves as a statement of the Party's positions and an outline of the Party's agenda for the coming five years. The Politburo's Organization Department: selects nominees throughout [[academia]], state enterprises, [[trade union]]s, the [[military]] and other public institutions based on their commitment to Democratic Socialism ideology. The Party nominates all candidates, usually nominating 20% to 50% more candidates than available positions. Under this system of rigorous ideological screening and [[single party control]] where dissenters and skeptics of the ''[[status quo]]'' are weeded out, the most manipulative [[sociopath]]s can seize the opportunity and rise to the top. Provincial-level People's Congresses and the People's Liberation Army then elect deputies from among the nominees.

The Congress meets for a 10-day-long annual full session in March and approves whatever nominees, budgets, and programs the Central Committee puts before them.

==Central Military Commission - People's Liberation Army==
{{cquote|It is indeed brutal to kill one or two hundred million Americans. But that is the only path that will secure a Chinese century, a century in which the CCP leads the world. We, as revolutionary humanitarians, do not want deaths, but if history confronts us with a choice between deaths of Chinese and those of Americans, we’d have to pick the latter, as, for us, it is more important to safeguard the lives of the Chinese people and the life of our Party.|||Chi Haotian, ex-Vice-Chairman of China’s Military Commissionm<ref>https://www.facebook.com/SenatorTedCruz/posts/4099834303462172</ref>}}
:{{See also|People's Liberation Army}}
The People's Liberation Army (PLA), with well over 2 million active personnel and more than 500 million reserves, is not a national army belonging to the state. Rather, it serves as the Party's armed wing. The PLA's Central Military Commission (CMC) is of equivalent rank to the State Council, China's cabinet, meaning it is not under the civilian control of the State Council. The Communist Party's constitution states that “the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters, and the Party must play the role as the core of leadership among all other organizations at corresponding levels.” The Party constitution explicitly states that the Communist Party “persists in its leadership over the People’s Liberation Army and other armed forces of the people.”<ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/special/18cpcnc/2012-11/18/c_131982575.htm.</ref>

The Party's Central Military Commission exercises unified command over China's armed forces, consisting of the active and reserve forces of China's military, the People's Liberation Army; a paramilitary force, the People's Armed Police Force (PAP); and a militia. The PLA also has a
domestic stability mandate, on top of its national defense mandate. The PLA Reserve Force and a paramilitary force, the People's Armed Police Force play a major role in putting down civil unrest.

The General Secretary of the Communist Party serves as chairman. The rest is comprised of uniformed officers. They are two vice chairmen (who serve on the Party's Politburo), the State Councilor for military affairs (who serves as Minister of Defense), the directors of the PLA's four general departments, and the commanders of the Navy, the Air Force, and the strategic and conventional missile forces. Senior military officers also sit on Party “Leading Small Groups” on such issues as foreign affairs, [[national security]], and Taiwan affairs.

The responsibilities of the PLA's four general departments are:
*General Staff Department: operations, cyber and electronic warfare, communications/informatization, intelligence, training, force structure, [[mobilization]], and [[foreign affairs]];
*General Political Department: Communist Party affairs, personnel, military media and cultural troupes, and security;
*General Logistics Department: financial affairs and audits; housing, food, uniforms, and other supplies; military healthcare; military transportation; and capital construction; and
*General Armament Department: weapons and equipment needs, research and development, electronics and information infrastructure, and the manned space program.

The Ministry of National Defense in the State Council is not in the chain of command.

===General Political Department===
The China Association for International Friendly Contacts (CAIFC) is the public name for the PLA General Political Department's International Liaison Department (GPD/LD). The department conducts ideological and political work on foreign armies and with the aim of dampening their morale and breaking them up. [[CAIFC]] was established in 1984 by Deng, and his daughter Rong has been a vice-president of the organization since 1990.<ref>https://qz.com/933971/the-intricate-ties-between-the-woman-who-paid-16-million-for-trumps-condo-and-chinas-power-elite/</ref> A
report from the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission described the CAIFC “…a front organization for the former General Political Department, performs dual roles of intelligence collection and conducting propaganda and perception management campaigns…”.<ref>[https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/China's%20Overseas%20United%20Front%20Work%20-%20Background%20and%20Implications%20for%20US_final_0.pdf China's Overseas United Front Work]. Alexander Bowe. August 24, 2018. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. uscc.gov.</ref>

===General Logisitcs Department===
The General Logistics Department was authorized as the core unit to lead every level of the military to eradicate the practice of Falun Gong including the power to manage the secret detention facilities and the process of [[forced organ harvesting|live organ harvesting]].

According to an investigation by the World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong, over 100 different military hospitals have developed or expanded their organ transplant facilities, with over 2,000 medical personnel involved. These include military general hospitals that belong directly to the Central Military Commission, all military branch general hospitals, general hospitals that belong to the seven regional military commands, hospitals affiliated with military medical universities, military hospitals coded with numbers, and armed police general hospitals. The transplant volume performed by Chinese military hospitals is the largest of any military in the world. They also play a role in resolving core technical issues in organ transplantation and supporting civilian hospitals with living organ supplies and technical assistance.<ref>https://endtransplantabuse.org/an-update-chapter-twelve-a-state-crime/</ref>

===Unrestricted warfare===
:{{see also|Biological warfare|Covid-19 pandemic}}
Since the publication in 1999 of ''Unrestricted Warfare: Two Air Force Senior Colonels on Scenarios for War and the Operational Art in an Era of Globalization'', by Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui, it has been understood that hard-line elements within the Chinese National Security community have been envisioning and positioning themselves for war with the USA. As the title suggests, this book subverts the strategic thinking and rules of "old-style warfare”, proposes “new types of warfare” and explores military tactics, strategy and organization in the age of globalization. The “unrestricted” part of “unrestricted warfare” avoids direct military confrontation and seeks instead to conquer through non-kinetic means.

The authors argued that the notion that “national defense being the country’s main security goal is somewhat outdated, at least rather inadequate." Under such circumstances, a country, especially a weak one, must go beyond the limits of "traditional war" to win when it is faced with an opponent stronger than itself.
[[File:CCP Unrestricted Warfare.PNG|right|500px|thumb]]
"Traditional war" follows certain rules or boundaries, for example, protections for civilians and civilian facilities, humanitarian treatment to [[POW]]s, banning the use of [[weapons of mass destruction]], etc. These principles were formally established in a series of international agreements. "Unrestricted warfare" means going beyond the limit, whether it is material, spiritual, ethical or technical; and whether it is called 'range', ‘restriction’, ‘restraint’, ‘boundary’, ‘rules’, ‘law’, ‘limit’, or ‘taboo’ ". In “unrestricted warfare” there is no distinction between "front and rear", "military and civilian”, country and territory. It is not restrained by moral and ethical limits. Any person and any facility can be considered a military target. To achieve the goal, you can do whatever you want.

Unrestricted warfare tactics are divided into three categories, "military, trans-military and non-military. To operate “unrestricted warfare”, any item in the table of the three categories can be combined with one or more other items as needed to form "combined tactics". The authors specifically pointed out in the note: "The three categories of operations here are real wars, not metaphors or descriptions."

When all the boundaries of “old-style warfare” are broken, there is only one reality left: the entire human society is treated as a battlefield. There is no doubt that the [[United States]] is the simulated enemy against whom the unrestricted warfare was formulated. The reasoning goes that the People's Republic of China, being the weaker party compared with the United States in terms of military technology and power justifies [[tactic]]s described in ''Unrestricted Warfare'', since conventional tactics may not ensure victory against the US.<ref>https://jianglinswritings.blogspot.com/2020/05/unrestricted-warfare-rulelessness-is.html</ref>

In 2015, Chinese military scientists discussed how to weaponize SARS coronaviruses to "cause the enemy’s medical system to collapse." In a 263-page document, written by People's Liberation Army scientists and senior Chinese public health officials and obtained by the US State Department during its investigation into the origins of COVID-19, suggests that SARS coronaviruses could herald a "new era of genetic weapons," and noted that they can be "artificially manipulated into an emerging human disease virus, then weaponized and unleashed in a way never seen before."<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/covid-19/chinese-military-discussed-weaponizing-covid-2015-cause-enemys-medical-system-collapse</ref>

===Peoples Armed Police===

The People Armed Police (PAP) is a paramilitary component of China's armed forces; its primary mission is internal security. Although the PAP has specialized units for a variety of functions, such as border security and firefighting, most units address internal security. PAP units are organized into contingents for each province, autonomous region, and centrally administered city. There are also a small number of mobile divisions available to deploy anywhere in the country to respond to crises.

In 2017, authorities announced that the PAP would be commanded by the Central Military Commission (CMC), removing the State Council from the chain of command and removing the PAP from the direct control of provincial authorities.<ref>https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2126039/reason-why-chinas-armed-police-will-now-only-take</ref> Moreover, the changes removed all troops not involved in domestic security duties from the PAP. Following the changes, the PAP has become a force exclusively focused on domestic security that operates under the command of the CMC. Other types of PAP troops, such as firefighting and border defense, have been transferred to other central ministries. Authorities also revised PAP funding to strengthen central control. Mirroring the organizational and administrative changes, the central government began to almost exclusively fund the PAP, thereby removing local and provincial funding streams. Stronger central control of the PAP removes these troops from possible misuse by local power holders, deters potential challengers to Beijing's authority, and enables the central government to deploy the forces to carry out its own strategic plans, such as consolidation of political control over the western provinces. However, the militarization of the PAP raises the prospect that domestic security concerns will be considered in military terms, further weakening what little remains of the rights of Chinese citizens, especially in the ethnic-minority-dominated provinces featuring a heavy PAP presence.

==State Council==
[[File:Chinese state money to HUNTER.PNG|right|400px|thumb]]
:{{see also|People's Republic of China}}
The Party entrusts the implementation of its policies and day-to-day administration of the country to the institution of the State, headed by the civilian State Council or Cabinet, which does not include the Central Military Commission. The State Council, also known as the Central People's Government, includes the State's ministries and commissions and layers of “people’s governments” below the national level. The top State officials at every level of administration usually concurrently hold senior Party posts, to ensure Party control. While the Foreign Ministry is a mere ministry under the State Council, the Central Military Commission of the People's Liberation is not. In the Chinese Communist Party hierarchy, the Central Military Commission is of equal rank to the civilian bureaucracy of the State Council that manages domestic and foreign affairs.

The State President serves as China's [[head of state]]. Since 1993, every Communist Party General Secretary has served concurrently as
State President, but the position is largely ceremonial and involves few duties other than meeting with foreign heads of state. The State President and State Vice President rank below the Central Military Commission. The Minister of Defense is actually the third most senior uniformed member of the Central Military Commission and is outside the operational chain of command of the People's Liberation Army.

To understand the political system of the People's Republic of China, there are two constitutions, a Party constitution and a state constitution. Both constitutions make it clear that the Party exercises leadership of the political system, the economy, and society at large,

Party committees are embedded in the State Council, ministries under the State Council, the legislature, the courts, prosecutors’ offices, state-owned enterprises, and all other public institutions, such as universities and hospitals, as well as in most private companies and many non-governmental organizations.

At the sub-national level, provinces, counties, and townships all have a Party committee and a parallel people's government, with the Party Secretary of the Party committee serving as the geographic unit's top leader.

The Ministry of Health (MOH) and later the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC) led the health care system in the transplantation of organs. Since organ transplantation has been made a high priority in the CCP's national strategy and is heavily emphasized as a future emerging industry, a large number of organ transplant projects have been funded under major national programs. The Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, other departments, and the military have invested heavily in research, development, and personnel training in transplantation technology to meet the needs of this rapidly growing industry. New capabilities and techniques have emerged and been extensively spreading, allowing live organ transplantation in China to grow into a large, industrialized operation in less than two decades.

===National People’s Congress===
The National People's Congress (NPC) is controlled by the Communist Party. All candidates to the NPC are nominated by the Communist
Party. The NPC's role is to ratify the Party's decisions. It holds a 10-day-long annual full session in March.

===Ministry of State Security===
The Ministry of State Security (MSS or ''Guojia Anquanbu''), is the country's main civilian intelligence and [[counterintelligence]] agency. Its missions include protecting China's national security, securing political and social stability, conducting counterintelligence, and implementing the State Security Law and related laws.42 The provincial and municipal departments of the MSS are responsible for carrying out surveillance and domestic intelligence work. Some of the departments also carry out foreign intelligence work.

===Ministry of Public Security===
Chinese leaders rely on the Ministry of Public Security (MPS or ''Gonganbu'') and the MSS as the primary forces for ensuring public order and controlling threats in the country. The MPS is responsible for domestic law enforcement, as well as the overall maintenance of “social order,” riot control, and antiterror duties. Unlike the PAP
or PLA, however, the MPS provides oversight of local police forces, most of which are controlled and funded by local and provincial officials. Locally hired Chinese police forces are generally regarded as poorly paid, poorly trained, and corrupt.

==Supreme People's Court==
The state constitution calls the Supreme People's Court “the highest judicial organ.”

==Supreme People's Procuratorate==
The Supreme People's Procuratorate is China's top prosecutor's office.

==Doctrine==
''Commentary Six'' of the ''Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party'' states,
[[File:Xi and Mao.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Xi an Mao]]
{{quotebox|"Since attaining power in 1949, the CCP has devoted the nation’s resources to destroying China’s traditional culture. This ill intention did not come from the CCP’s zeal for industrialization, nor from simple foolishness in worshipping [[Western civilization]]. Rather, it came from the CCP’s inherent ideological opposition to traditional Chinese culture. Thus, the CCP’s destruction of Chinese culture has been planned, well organized, and systematic, supported by the state’s use of violence. Since its establishment, the CCP has never stopped “revolutionizing” Chinese culture in the attempt to destroy its spirit completely.... the CCP’s destruction of traditional Chinese culture is a direct attack against Chinese [[morality]] and undermines the basis for peace and harmony in society.

The “philosophy” of the Communist Party completely contradicts the authentic traditional Chinese culture....Both Buddhism and Taoism are forms of theism, and believe in .... the karmic causality of good and evil. The Communist Party, on the contrary, not only believes in atheism, but also runs wild in defying the Tao.... Confucianism values family, but the ''[[Communist Manifesto]]'' clearly promulgates abolition of the family. ...Confucian culture promotes kindness to others, but the Communist Party encourages [[class struggle]]....

To gain and maintain power in China, the Communist Party first had to plant its [[immoral]] thoughts on Chinese soil. Mao Zedong claimed, “If we want to overthrow an authority, we must first make propaganda, and do work in the area of ideology.” The CCP realized that the violent communist theory, which is sustained with arms, is the refuse of Western thoughts and could not stand up to China’s profound 5,000-year cultural history. ...The CCP then completely destroyed traditional Chinese culture, so that [[Marxism]] and [[Lenin]]ism could take China’s political stage.<ref>http://www.ninecommentaries.com/english-6</ref>}}

===Communist Party of China and atheism===

''See also:'' [[Atheism and communism]] and [[Militant atheism]] and [[Asian atheism]] and [[Growth of Christianity in China]]

In 1955, [[China|Chinese]] communist leader Zhou Enlai declared, "We Communists are [[Atheism|atheists]]".<ref>Noebel, David, The Battle for Truth, Harvest House, 2001.</ref> In 2014, the Communist Party of China reaffirmed that members of their party must be atheists.<ref>
*[https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/19567-china-s-communist-party-reaffirms-marxism-maoism-atheism China’s Communist Party Reaffirms Marxism, Maoism, Atheism], ''New American'', 2014
*[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/02/china-communist-party-atheism-zhejiang-ban-religious-members-christianity_n_6599722.html China's Communist Party Bans Believers, Doubles Down On Atheism]</ref>

In 2014, the ''New American'' website indicated: "The Communist Party of China (CPC) is letting its members know that the party’s official adherence to [[militant atheism]] has not changed; Party members are not allowed to be Christians, or to hold any other religious beliefs. That is the clear message sent by a top Party official in an editorial published on November 14 in the ''[[Global Times]]'', the international version of People’s Daily, the official newspaper and mouthpiece of the CPC."<ref>[https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/19567-china-s-communist-party-reaffirms-marxism-maoism-atheism China’s Communist Party Reaffirms Marxism, Maoism, Atheism], New American, 2014</ref>}}

In 2016, the ''International Business Times'' reported: "A senior Chinese advisor on religious affairs has said the country should promote atheism throughout society, in remarks that appear to reflect a deepening campaign to reinforce traditional Marxist values in China — and could add to concern about official attitudes among believers in the country’s five officially recognized religions."<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.com/senior-chinese-religious-advisor-calls-promotion-atheism-society-2363850 Senior Chinese Religious Advisor Calls For Promotion Of Atheism In Society], ''International Business Times''</ref>

===Religious intolerance===

The Chinese Communist Party persecutes the country's Christian population, as well as the Falun Gong population, and Tibetan Buddhists. There are several well-documented cases of abuse, [[torture]] and false imprisonment.<ref>[http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=26602 Christians under Attack in China], By Frederick W. Stakelbeck Jr., [[FrontPage Magazine]], January 25, 2007.</ref>

In 1950, the CCP instructed its local governments to ban all unofficial religious faiths and secret societies. The CCP stated that those “feudalistic” underground groups were mere tools in the hands of landlords, rich farmers, reactionaries, and special agents of the Kuomintang (KMT). In the nationwide crackdown, the government mobilized the classes they trusted to identify and persecute members of religious groups.
[[File:CCP anti-semitism.jpg|left|300px|thumb|The communist-controlled Chinese embassy in [[France]] tweeted an [[anti-Semitic]] image portraying the United States as the grim reaper carrying an [[Israel]]i flag knocking on Hong Kong's door.<ref>https://freebeacon.com/national-security/chinese-embassy-in-france-tweets-quickly-deletes-anti-semitic-imagery/</ref>]]
Governments at various levels were directly involved in disbanding such “superstitious groups,” such as communities of Christians, [[Catholic]]s, Taoists, and [[Buddhist]]s. They ordered all members of these churches, temples, and religious societies to register with government agencies and to repent for their involvement. Failure to do so would mean severe punishment.

In 1951, the government formally promulgated regulations stating that those who continued their activities in unofficial religious groups would face a life sentence or the [[death penalty]].

This movement persecuted a large number of kind-hearted and law-abiding believers in [[God]]. Incomplete statistics indicate that in the 1950s, the CCP persecuted at least 3 million religious believers and underground group members, some of whom were killed. The CCP searched almost every household across the nation and interrogated its members. The executions reinforced the CCP's message that communist ideology was the only legitimate ideology and the only legitimate faith.

The concept of “patriotic believers” soon emerged, and the state constitution protected only patriotic believers. The reality was that, whatever [[religion]] you believed in, there were only these criteria: You had to follow the CCP's instructions, and you had to acknowledge that the CCP was above all religions. If you were a Christian, the CCP was the God of the Christian God. If you were a Buddhist, the CCP was the Master Buddha of the Master Buddha. Among Muslims, the CCP was the Allah of the [[Allah]]. When it came to the Living Buddha in Tibetan Buddhism, the CCP would intervene, and itself choose who the Living Buddha would be.

The CCP left you no choice but to say and do what the CCP demanded you to say and do. All believers were forced to carry out the CCP's objectives while upholding their respective faiths in name only. Failing to do so would make you the target of the CCP's persecution and dictatorship.

According to a Feb. 22, 2002, report by Chinese online magazine ''Ren yu Renquan'' (''Humanity and Human Rights''), 20,000 Christians conducted a survey among 560,000 Christians in house churches in 207 cities in 22 provinces in China. The survey found that, among house church attendees, 130,000 were under government surveillance.

In the book “''How the Chinese Communist Party Persecuted Christians'',”<ref>“How the Chinese Communist Party Persecuted Christians” (in Chinese). 1958. Cited in [http://www.ninecommentaries.com/english-3 ''Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party, Part 3].</ref> it is stated that by 1957, the CCP had killed more than 11,000 religious adherents and had arbitrarily arrested and extorted money from many more.

By eliminating the landlord class and the capitalist class and by persecuting large numbers of God-worshipping and law-abiding people, the CCP cleared the way for communism to become the all-encompassing religion of China.

===Sino-U.S. strategic relations===
Jin Canrong, a professor and associate dean of the School of International Studies at Beijing's Renmin University of China,<ref>https://archive.is/z5RMg</ref> laid out a multi-pronged strategy involving a range of malign actions to subvert the United States while strengthening the Chinese regime.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/mkt_breakingnews/xi-jinpings-adviser-outlines-plan-for-ccp-to-defeat-us-including-manipulating-elections_3748196.html</ref> They include:
*interfering in U.S. elections,
*controlling the American market,
*cultivating global enemies to challenge the United States,
*stealing American technology,
*expanding Chinese territory, and
*influencing international organizations.

====Interfering in U.S. elections====
Jin Canrong suggested that the CCP should interfere in U.S. elections to bring pro-Beijing candidates to power. He singled out races for seats in the U.S. House of Representatives as an easy target. “The Chinese government wants to arrange Chinese investments in every single congressional district to control thousands of voters in each district,” Jin said.

He noted with a population (at the time) of about 312 million and 435 congressional districts, roughly 750,000 residents live in each district.
“The voting rate in the United States is about 30 percent, which means around 200,000 residents in each congressional district vote for the representative in that district,” Jin said. “Normally the difference of votes between two candidates is 10,000 or less. If China has thousands of votes on hand, China will be the boss of the candidates.” Jin said China's ambition is to control at least the U.S. House. “The best scenario is China can buy the United States, and change the U.S. House of Representatives into the second Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress,” he said, referring to the committee that oversees the CCP's rubber-stamp legislature.

====Controlling the U.S. market====
Ramping up Chinese investments in the United States is another way to exert influence in the country's political system, Jin Canrong said, noting that this tactic has the added benefit of enriching Chinese business people and the CCP. “The investment opportunities in the United States are relatively good,” he said. “The U.S. market is open—more open than the Japanese and European ones,” he continued, adding that its benefits include its size, transparency, and stability.

He said the Chinese regime wants Chinese business people to control the U.S. market, and also for them to develop their businesses in the country. To reach this goal, the Chinese regime tried to [[negotiate]] with Washington for the U.S.-China Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). The agreement was actively negotiated for the decade prior to 2017, but fell off the agenda during President Donald Trump's administration. Some U.S. companies wishing to enter the Chinese market, and the U.S.-China Business Council have advocated for the signing of a BIT.

====Fostering enemies of the U.S.====
Jin Canrong said the Chinese regime was at a strategic advantage due to the United States’ role as global enforcer: whenever there is a crisis in the world, the United States would have to intervene to maintain global stability, which in turn drains U.S. resources and diverts its attention away from China. As examples, he cited the [[Afghan War|Afghanistan]] and [[Iraq war]]s, which he described as “completely not strategically valuable” endeavors that cost the United States “$6 trillion and 10,000 soldiers’ lives.” The result was that the United States “wasted ten years [without being aware of China’s development], and let China grow big,” Jin said.

Jin said the CCP's “strategic task” was to make sure the United States has no less than four enemies. Four enemies are needed to stretch the United States’ resources while bogging the government down in domestic debates over which threat to prioritize, Jin said.

Jin concluded that the United States only has three adversaries: “Terrorism is definitely an enemy of the United States. Russia looks like another one … Definitely, the United States treats us as a competitor … It’s not enough.”

The professor said that in the past few years, the CCP had tried to develop [[Brazil]] into an adversary of the United States, but was unsuccessful because Brazil “didn’t want to be improved.” He said the CCP had pumped a lot of investment into Brazil in the bid to get its support on global issues, including taking stances against the United States. Xi had visited Brazil in 2014 and agreed to invest in [[infrastructure]] in the country's western region, as well as a [[railway]] to link ports in Brazil and [[Peru]].

Jin said the Chinese regime has given up on this approach and is trying to find a candidate to develop into a U.S. adversary.

Engaging in drawn-out negotiations with the United States is also an effective strategy to bog down the United States, while giving the regime the time to focus on developing itself, according to Jin. During such negotiations, the United States wouldn't take punitive actions against the CCP such as sanctions, and instead focus its energy on preparing and carrying out the talks. Meanwhile, the Chinese regime, which has no intention of negotiating in [[good faith]], would use the breathing space given to it over the course of the negotiations to solidify its power both inside and outside of China.

Xi's global strategy to bolster the regime's global power has two pillars, according to Jin. One is the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the other is the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP).

BRI, previously known as One Belt One Road, is a massive global investment strategy launched by the CCP in 2013 aimed at bolstering its economic and political influence across Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America. The project involves investments in infrastructure and natural resource projects in countries. It has been criticized by the United States and other countries as an example of “debt trap” diplomacy, that saddles developing countries with unsustainable debt burdens while allowing the communist regime to export its technology and governance abroad. The professor also believed that Chinese-backed development banks, the New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, would work to Beijing's advantage, as countries that received loans from the banks would then be beholden to the regime, Jin said. "We will be more powerful than the United States with more friends,” he said. “Then we can tell the United States that we are the only representative of the world.”

====Stealing American technology====
The professor admitted that the CCP has depended on stolen American technology to fuel its growth. “China’s industry has a large output, but lacks certain technology,” Jin Canrong said. “In the past 30 years, we bought technology, 46 percent of which were from [[Germany]]. But the United States has the best technology, but it doesn’t sell to us.” He added, “Americans think that Chinese [[hacker]]s steal a lot of their things. This may very well be true.” Jin said key technology for China's J-20 fighter jet and DF-41 intercontinental ballistic missile was stolen from the United States.

The regime is also eager to get its hands on American space technology.

In June 2016, China's Long March 7 rocket sent an orbital debris clean-up satellite Aolong-1 to space. Beijing claimed that Aolong-1 only brought space debris back to Earth, but Jin suggested the satellite had another mission. “The U.S. said that [Aolong-1] was collecting American satellites [from space], and bringing them back to China,” Jin said. “We can disassemble [the American] satellites and reassemble them into Chinese ones.”

====Expanding regime territory====
Jin Canrong believed that the Chinese regime would occupy the whole of the South China Sea and Taiwan in the near future.

The CCP lays claim to almost all of the South China Sea bordered by the [[Philippines]], [[Vietnam]], [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], and Taiwan. Beijing has sought to bolster its claims in the strategic waterways by building artificial islands in the area and building military outposts on them. “In one and half years [in 2013 and 2014 under Xi’s administration], China has created more than 3,200 acres of territory. The other four claimant states have created only 100 acres in 45 years,” Jin said. Jin boasted about the regime's success in wresting control of the Scarborough Shoal from the Philippines in 2012 with the help of Chinese fishing boats and coast guard vessels.

“Even if the Philippines wants the United States to take over the reefs [in the South China Sea], the United States can’t guard them,” Jin said. “If the United States stations an [[aircraft carrier]] there, China can simply send 2,000 fishing boats and surround the carrier. Then the carrier doesn’t dare to fire at the fishing boats.”

In relation to Taiwan, the CCP has more ways to bring the democratic island under its control, Jin said. The regime views the self-ruled island as part of its territory and has vowed to bring Taiwan under its fold with force if necessary. For instance, the regime could bribe Taiwanese politicians, ban trade and tourism from China, convince the few remaining countries that recognize Taiwan diplomatically to switch to China, block Taiwan's participation in international organizations and meetings, and [[assassination|assassinate]] some Taiwanese to instill fear among the population.

====Influencing international organizations====
Jin Canrong also explained the CCP's plan to exert greater influence over global bodies such as the United Nations, the [[World Trade Organization]], the World Health Organization, [[Interpol]], the [[International Monetary Fund]], the International Olympic Committee, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

The Chinese regime's goal is for “all these international organizations to be controlled by China. We can appoint someone who speaks Chinese [who represents China] to be its leader,” Jin said.

During his speech, Jin emphasized that Xi was unlike his predecessors in his ambitions. Previous CCP leaders, such as Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao worked hard to develop the regime's power but didn't dare to use it, he said. “No matter how much power you have, it’s nothing if you don’t dare to use it,” Jin said. “Chairman Xi dares to use it. [Xi’s authorities] have the power, dare to use that power, and all of its attacks make the other party bleed.”

Xi's ambitions, however, cannot be revealed to the outside world, the professor said. When Xi took power in 2012, he urged the country to realize the “Chinese dream.” This meant becoming a “moderately well-off” country by 2021, and then a “strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and modern socialist country” by 2049.

Jin explained that Xi's target is actually to replace the United States as the world's only superpower by 2049. “[Chinese] Ministry of Foreign Affairs keeps on saying [at press briefings] that China loves peace. But no reporters at the press briefings believe this,” Jin said.

===Xi Jinping Thought===
In October 2017 an amendment including Xi's name was added to the CCP's party constitution, marking the first time a living leader's name was added since Mao Zedong, reflecting Xi's standing within the Communist Party. The amendment was approved by all 2,300 delegates attending the party congress, is called "Xi Jinping Thought for the New Era of Socialism With Chinese Special Characteristics."

The move placed Xi on the same level as Mao and Deng Xiaoping, whose names also appear in the party constitution in articles reflecting their principles. The political principles of Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, Xi's predecessors, were added to the party constitution, but their names were not.

''[[The New York Times]]'' Chris Buckley notes that Xi's authority "is not directly comparable to the almost godlike influence Mao commanded," but, at the same time, "the Chinese economy, state and military are much more powerful now than they were under Mao, or even under Deng, which gives Mr. Xi far more global influence than his predecessors."<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/china-xi-jinping-and-chinese-economy-2017-10</ref>

Xi Jinping Thought is an effort to avoid the demise of Communist party power such as happened in the [[Soviet Union]] as the result of ''[[Perestroika]]'' and ''[[Glasnost]]'' reform movements instituted by Soviet General Secretary [[Mikhail Gorbachev]].

{{Anchor|United Front Work Department}}
===Three warfares doctrine===
The Three Warfares Doctrine consists of psychological warfare ([[psyops]]), media warfare ([[propaganda]] and [[fake news]]), and legal warfare ([[lawfare]]).

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses propaganda and influence operations as a means of projecting its power and weakening its enemies. Chief among the targets for these kinds of operations is the United States. These operations are coordinated and directed by the CCP's [[United Front Work Department]] (UFWD).<ref>https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/China's%20Overseas%20United%20Front%20Work%20-%20Background%20and%20Implications%20for%20US_final_0.pdf</ref>

The CCP's United Front system mobilizes the party's “friends” to strike the party's enemies. The system was greatly energized and expanded by Xi Jinping. It operates inside foreign political parties, diaspora communities, colleges and corporations, all with the goal of promoting the party's interests. The express goals of the United Front system include undermining social cohesion, exacerbating racial tension, and influencing politics.<ref>https://www.aspi.org.au/report/party-speaks-you</ref>

===Document 9===
Document 9 was leaked in 2013 by a Chinese dissident journalist who was in turn sentenced to a seven-year imprisonment for "leaking state secrets".<ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese journalist Gao Yu faces seven years in prison for 'leaking state secrets'|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-journalist-gao-yu-prison-sentence-leaking-state-secrets/|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Chris|last1=Buckley|title=Chinese Journalist Sentenced to 7 Years on Charges of Leaking State Secrets|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/world/asia/china-journalist-gao-yu-gets-7-year-sentence.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 April 2015|issn=0362-4331|accessdate=}}</ref> The name of the document, '''Communiqué on the Current State of the Ideological Sphere''' (also translated as the '''Briefing on the Current Situation in the Ideological Realm'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Tilting backwards|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/analects/2013/06/political-rebalancing|newspaper=The Economist|date=24 June 2013|issn=0013-0613|accessdate=}}</ref>) comes from it being the ninth such document issued that year in China.<ref>{{cite web|title=Document 9: A ChinaFile Translation|url=http://www.chinafile.com/document-9-chinafile-translation|website=ChinaFile|date=8 November 2013|accessdate=}}</ref> It is thought that Document No. 9 was issued by the General Office of the Central Committee, and would have required the approval of Xi and other top leaders. ''The New York Times'' reported that it "bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html?mcubz=1 | title=China Takes Aim at Western Ideas |work=The New York Times}}</ref> The document specifically addresses the following issues, using these same terms in the document itself, which it regards as problems that threaten Chinese Communist Party rule:
# '''Promoting Western Constitutional Democracy:''' An attempt to undermine the current leadership and the "[[socialism with Chinese characteristics]]" system of governance. Including ''the [[separation of powers]], the multi-party system, [[general election]]s, and independent judiciaries''.
# '''Promoting “universal values” in an attempt to weaken the theoretical foundations of the Party's leadership.''' That ''“the West’s values are the prevailing norm for all human civilization”'', that ''“only when China accepts Western values will it have a future”''.
# '''Promoting civil society in an attempt to dismantle the ruling party's social foundation,''' i.e. that ''[[individual rights]] are paramount and ought to be immune to obstruction by the state''.
# '''Promoting [[Neoliberalism]], attempting to change China's Basic Economic System,''' i.e. ''unrestrained economic liberalization, complete [[privatization]], and total marketization''.
# '''Promoting [[the West]]’s idea of [[journalism]],''' challenging China’s principle that the [[media]] and publishing system should be subject to Party discipline.
# '''Promoting historical [[nihilism]], trying to undermine the history of the CCP and of New China.''' For example ''to deny the [[scientific]] and guiding value of [[Mao Zedong thought]]''.
# '''Questioning Reform and Opening and the socialist nature of socialism with Chinese characteristics.''' For example, saying ''“We have deviated from our Socialist orientation”'' such as occurred after ''Glasnost'' or "openness" eased censorship restrictions in the Soviet Union.

===Sexism===
[[File:women.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Studies indicate that women in the Western World tend to be more religious than men.<ref>Multiple references:
*Kosmin, Barry A., et al. (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110904110346/http://www.americanreligionsurvey-aris.org/reports/NONES_08.pdf "American nones: Profile of the no religion population"]. American Religion Survey website [Trinity College, Hartford, CT]. Retrieved from Internet Archive.
*Britt, Robert Roy (February 28, 2009). [http://www.livescience.com/7689-women-religious-men.html "Women more religious than men"]. Live Science website.
*Khan, Razib (November 18, 2010). [http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2010/11/sex-differences-in-global-atheism-part-n/ "Gene expression; Sex differences in global atheism, part N"]. Discover magazine website.</ref> See: [[Atheism and women]] ]]
''See also:'' [[Atheism and Asian males]] and [[Atheistic China and sexism]] and [[Atheistic China and gender-based workplace discrimination]]
A majority of the [[atheist population]] is male (see: [[Atheism and women]]). According to the [[BBC]]:
{{quotebox-float|At the end of the Chinese Communist Party's 19th Congress, the new Politburo Standing Committee was revealed: seven middle-aged men in dark suits, without a woman to be seen. There has never been a female member of the Standing Committee.

Of the 2,280 delegates at that Congress, fewer than a quarter were women.

That's got some people asking whether the party should take gender equality more seriously. The New York Times wrote of women being "shut out" - but does the Chinese Communist Party have a woman problem?

Of the 89.4 million members of the Chinese Communist Party, just under 23 million are women - that's 26%.

And women make up 24% of China's National Congress - the sprawling national parliament. You don't have to be a Communist Party member to sit on that.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41652487 Reality Check: Does China's Communist Party have a woman problem?], BBC</ref>}}

In the administration of [[birth control]] there have been slogans posted, such as
{{quotebox-float|“If one person violates the law, the whole village will be sterilized,” “Rather another tomb than another [[baby]],” or, “If he did not have a vasectomy as he should, his house will be torn down; if she did not have an [[abortion]] as she should, her [[cow]]s and [[rice]] fields will be confiscated.”<ref>https://www.followcn.com/on-the-tyranny-of-the-chinese-communist-party/</ref>}}

==Law==
The CCP's National Intelligence Law, which went into effect in July 2017, compels all persons and companies doing business in China to cooperate with the CCP's internal security apparatus and the intelligence goals of the Chinese Communist Party.

===National Intelligence Law Article 7===
{{quotebox|''Any organization or citizen shall support, assist and cooperate with the state intelligence work in accordance with the law, and keep the secrets of the national intelligence work known to the public.''

''The State protects individuals and organizations that support, assist and cooperate with national intelligence work.''<ref>https://cs.brown.edu/courses/csci1800/sources/2017_PRC_NationalIntelligenceLaw.pdf</ref>}}
The new law essentially codifies the principles of the Maoist Cultural Revolution to spy on or terrorize fellow citizens, as well as extends the Communist Party's reach into Chinese telecommunications companies throughout the world and foreign businesses operating in China.

==Infiltration of international organizations==
China has gained significant influence within the [[United Nations]], and Chinese law dictates that they remain loyal to Beijing in their service.
A report from a [[coalition]] of human rights groups, led by Amnesty International Canada, says that China is increasingly using “threats, bullying and harassment” to intimidate activists around democracy, civil rights, and those who speak out against human rights abuses of Uyghurs, Tibetans, and Falun Gong practitioners.

==Human rights, security police, and public health==

Since the Tiananmen massacre, the party has been obsessed with stability, deploying a vast internal security apparatus to head off protests or, once they erupt, to prevent them from spreading. The government is constantly talking about 'stability maintenance,' which is [[coded language]] for ensuring the party's rule. The domestic security apparatus includes an 800,000-strong police force under the Ministry of Public Security and a 1.5 million-strong paramilitary force, the People's Armed Police, which reports to both the Party's Central Military Commission and, through the Ministry of Public Security, to the State Council. Other agencies involved in internal security include the Party's Propaganda Department, which plays an important role in censoring the media to prevent discussion of subjects that might feed movements for change; the Ministry of State Security, which focuses on internal security threats as well as conducting intelligence-gathering abroad; and the Ministry of Justice, which operates China's [[gulag]]s and forced labor system. Many of China's gulags operate factories to produce [[consumer goods]] for [[export]] to the [[United States]] and the rest of the world.

===Forced labor===
[[File:Forced Labor Detention Facilities in China.PNG|thumb|right|300px]]
China's network of penal forced labor facilities, established in the early years of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) government to hold both criminals and political dissidents, remains in operation today.<ref>It is also known as the “laogai” system. Its [[Russia]]n equivalent is '' Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei'' or ''gulag''.</ref> U.S. law prohibits the importation of goods produced “wholly or in part in any foreign country by convict labor or/and forced labor or/and indentured labor under penal sanctions.”<ref>Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S. Code 19 § 1307.</ref> Artificial flowers, Christmas lights, shoes, garments, umbrellas as well as coal, cotton, electronics, fireworks, footwear, nails, and toys have been identified as produced in Chinese prison factories for export. There have been several instances of letters and notes from prisoners describing their confinement, working conditions and mistreatment discovered in products purchased by consumers outside China; at [[Christmas]] in 2019 a six-year-old girl in [[London]], in a box of newly purchased Christmas cards, found one that had a message in English saying,
{{quotebox-float|"We are foreign prisoners in Shanghai Qingpu prison China Forced to work against our will. Please help us and notify human rights organization."<ref>https://www.npr.org/2019/12/23/790832681/6-year-old-finds-message-alleging-chinese-prison-labor-in-box-of-christmas-cards</ref>}}

Profitable prison companies help to fund the operations of both local and national governments. Prison labor enterprises producing [[high-tech]] goods such as [[semiconductor]]s and optical instruments are the most profitable, each earning an estimated annual revenue of tens of millions of dollars and paying taxes to the Chinese government. According to the 2012 ''Trafficking in Persons Report'' from the [[United States Department of State]],
{{quotebox|“[t]he [PRC] government reportedly profits from [the use of] forced labor. Many prisoners and detainees in ‘reeducation through labor’ facilities [are] required to work, often with no remuneration.”}}
Many prisons function as subcontractors for Chinese firms. The State Department has noted cases in which
{{quotebox|“detainees were forced to work up to 18 hours a day without pay for private companies working in partnership with Chinese authorities” and “were beaten for failing to complete work quotas."<ref>Cited in ''Prison Labor Exports from China and Implications for U.S. Policy'', U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Staff Research Report, July 9, 2014.</ref>}}
The book ''Laogai: The Machinery of Repression in China'', published in 2009, stated that as many as 3 to 5 million people were imprisoned in laogai or gulag camps.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Laogai-The-Machinery-Repression-China/dp/1884167772 Laogai: The Machinery of Repression in China], 2009-10-01</ref>

In addition to criminal sentences imposed by a court, and administrative detention imposed by police with no legal [[due process]] required, the CCP has a system of “Black Jails”, an unofficial system of unlicensed confinement facilities used by local CCP officials primarily to detain petitioners seeking redress of grievances.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/china1109web_1.pdf</ref>

====''Guardian'' report====

In a 2011 story published by ''[[The Guardian]]'' a former prisoner claimed he was sentenced to three years at a Reeducation Through Labor (RTL) camp for “illegally petitioning” central government officials about corruption in his local area. In addition to performing work digging in open-trench coal mines, carving chopsticks, and assembling automotive seat covers for export, he described a system in which prisoners were forced to spend 12-hour shifts in the evenings playing online video games to build up virtual credits that were then sold online by camp officials.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/25/china-prisoners-internet-gaming-scam?CMP=twt_gu</ref> Prison officials made approximately $785–$940 per day from the “gold farming” services performed by prisoners, which made the work more profitable than the prison's more traditional manufacturing enterprises. Gold farming (also termed “powerleveling”) is a practice associated with many online role-playing games, in which a player pays someone else to play their character for them – thereby building up points that make their characters more powerful or acquiring possessions (e.g., wealth, weapons) that similarly make them stronger. Online vendors may also offer for sale existing characters whose power and wealth have already been built up through extended periods of gameplay, or virtual goods that can be transferred to other characters.<ref>http://www.infodev.org/infodev-files/resource/InfodevDocuments_1076.pdf</ref> Websites acting as brokers for such
trades are easily locatable online. On August 6, 2012, Commission staff located, with a single [[Google]] search, the website www.ogdeal.com, which claims the title of “The Leading MMORPG (‘massively multiplayer online roleplaying game’) Services Company.” The site offered credit exchanges for over 40 popular online games (including ''Anarchy'', ''Age of Conan'', ''Diablo 3'', ''Final Fantasy'', ''Warhammer'', ''Star Wars: The Old Republic'', etc.), with payments “via Paypal, Moneybookers, Libertyreserve and Westernunion within 10mins after the trade.” “Sell Anarchy Online Credits,” www.ogdeal.com.<ref>http://archive.is/EgZNL</ref>

No compensation was provided to the prisoners themselves. Prisoners who failed to earn the required number of virtual credits would be beaten by prison guards: “If I couldn't complete my work quota, they would punish me physically. They would make me stand with my hands raised in the air and after I returned to my dormitory they would beat me with plastic pipes. We kept playing until we could barely see things.”

Along with virtual goods generated by prisoners offered for sale online, prisoners are also used for spamming, “cherry blossoming,”* and “click fraud.”<ref>https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/02/17/android_trojan_click_fraud_scam/</ref> ‘Cherry blossoming’ is a term used to refer to small marketing-related digital tasks, such as ‘liking’ a brand's [[Facebook]] page against a small pay. It involves using large numbers of workers to complete small tasks for a business client. Cherry blossoming can also be used to increase the number of hits on a company or product webpage, thereby raising its Internet profile and seeming popularity with consumers.
Click fraud is believed to be a widespread practice in China. Anchor Intelligence digital marketing identified a click fraud ring involving 200,000 different IP addresses and racked up more than $3 million worth of fraudulent clicks across 2,000 advertisers in a two-week period run out of technical universities such as the Shanghai Technology Institute.<ref>https://techcrunch.com/2009/10/08/the-evolution-of-click-fraud-massive-chinese-operation-dormring1-uncovered/</ref> ''PC Magazine Online'' defines click fraud as the practice of “[c]licking ad banners without any intention of purchasing the product. Click fraud is done to make an ad campaign appear more effective. Paying a few cents per hour to workers in a third-world country to sit at a computer all day and do nothing but click banners makes an ad campaign appear very successful. If ads are based on click-throughs (pay-per-click), the Web site publishing the ads and clicking the ads countless times can make a dishonest profit.”<ref>https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/click-fraud</ref>

====Uyghur forced labor====
[[File:CCP concentration camp.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A transport of Uighur prisoners at a CCP [[concentration camp]] in Xinjiang.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/china-xinjiang-prisoners-blindfolded-tied-up-leaked-drone-footage-2019-10</ref>]]
:{{See also|Xinjiang concentration camps}}
According to some reports, the CCP has begun to move large numbers of Uyghurs, including many former detainees, into textile, apparel, and other labor-intensive industries in Xinjiang and other PRC provinces. Uyghurs who refuse to accept such employment may be threatened with detention. They continue to be heavily monitored outside of work, and are required to attend political study classes at night. A study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute identified nearly 120 Chinese and foreign companies, including global brands, that the institute alleges directly or indirectly benefit from Uyghur labor in potentially abusive circumstances.<ref>https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10281</ref>

Uyghurs are working in factories that are in the supply chains of at least 83 well-known global brands in the technology, clothing and automotive sectors, including [[Apple]], [[BMW]], Gap, [[Huawei]], [[Nike, Inc.]], [[Samsung]], [[Sony]] and [[Volkswagen]]. In factories far away from home, they typically live in segregated dormitories, undergo organized Mandarin and ideological training outside working hours, are subject to constant surveillance, and are forbidden from participating in religious observances.<ref>https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale</ref>

===Forced organ harvesting===
:{{See also|Forced organ harvesting}}
[[File:Organ-harvesting-profits.jpg|right|thumb|These values come from the China International Transplantation Network Assistance Center (CITNAC) at www.zoukiishoku.com. CITNAC was founded in the transplantation institute at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Its website was shut down soon after organ harvesting was exposed, here is the [http://web.archive.org/web/20050407211151/http://en.zoukiishoku.com/list/cost.htm archived page].]]
The CCP has a long history of violently suppressing faith as “feudal superstition.” Given the number of Falun Gong practitioners in the country, the CCP's persecution was a massive undertaking.

In China there were more than 600 hospitals and over 1,700 doctors engaged in organ transplant surgeries in 2007. The statistics published by the Tianjin Oriental Organ Transplant Center and the No. 2 Hospital of the Second Military Medical University (also known as Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), two hospitals that have close ties to the Chinese military, provide a glimpse into the rapid growth of China's organ transplant market. The ''China Southern Weekend'' reported, "The Oriental Organ Transplant Center's rapid growth has brought about huge revenue and profits. According to previous media reports, liver transplants alone bring the Center an annual income of 100 million yuan". According to a ''Phoenix Weekly'' 2006 report, "In 2004, the fee for a liver transplant at the Oriental Organ Transplant Center was $32,000 (approximately 250,000 yuan). In 2005, it was over $40,000 (approximately 330,000 yuan). Some intermediary agencies charged a brokering fee as high as USD $13,000."

People with financial means are willing to buy organs at a high cost, and the huge profit pushes the hospitals to pursue new sources of organs by all means necessary to increase their profit margins. Given China's political and legal environment, certain groups of people become especially susceptible targets. Namely, Falun Gong practitioners.<ref>http://www.stoporganharvesting.org/business-of-organ-harvesting/</ref>

In March 2020 the China Tribunal, an independent people's tribunal, released its full judgment on Chinese forced organ harvesting.<ref>https://chinatribunal.com/</ref> The panel was chaired by Sir Geoffrey Nice who previously led the [[prosecution]] of former [[Yugoslavia]] [[Prime Minister]] [[Slobodan Milosevic]] for [[war crimes]] at the International Criminal Tribunal and included other experts in law, transplant surgery, international politics, Chinese history and business. The experts concluded that the grisly practice has continued unabated. In June 2019 the tribunal delivered its findings in [[London]], concluding beyond a reasonable doubt that state-sanctioned forced organ harvesting from prisoners of conscience has taken place for years in China on a significant scale and is still taking place. The main organ supply came from imprisoned practitioners of the persecuted spiritual group Falun Gong.<ref>https://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2019/4/15/176497.html</ref>

The Chinese regime has persecuted the group for more than two decades. Hundreds of thousands of adherents have been thrown into prisons, labor camps, and [[brainwash]]ing centers where many have been tortured in an effort to force them to renounce their faith.<ref>'''WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT.''' [http://photo.minghui.org/photo/selected-En/u_persecution/21222121551.htm Horrific Abuse Revealed upon Death]. "Heilongjiang Practitioner Wang Bin was tortured to death on Septempber 24, 2000 by Daqing Men's Labor Campa. Hospital examination showed: a lymph artery was broken; over a dozen of his bones, including his collar bone, sternum and ribs were broken; one of Wang's testicles was also split; the backs of Wang's hands were found to have been repeatedly burned; Wang's nostrils were burned and injured by the lit cigarettes that were inserted into them; and many parts of Wang's body were black and dark purple.."</ref> The tribunal concluded that the Chinese regime sustained campaign of forced organ harvesting constituted a crime against humanity. Many people have died indescribable hideous deaths for no reason, and more may suffer in similar ways, and that all of us live on a planet where extreme wickedness may be found in the power of those, who for the time being, are running a country that is one of the oldest civilizations known to modern man.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gfN2_uOvTM</ref>

[[File:China_Liaison_Office,_Hong_Kong.jpeg|thumb|300px|right|The Liaison Office in Sai Ying Pun (the building with a row of red flags). This is the headquarters of the Hong Kong branch of the Chinese Communist Party.]]

===Hong Kong===
The [[Hong Kong]] branch of the Chinese Communist Party was founded in 1947 as the Xinhua News Agency Hong Kong Branch. Although the party has ruled Hong Kong since 1997, it remains technically illegal, or "underground." This status, unique among the world's ruling parties, allows the CCP to evade local laws that require political parties to disclose financing and to provide a membership list. In 2000, the name of the branch was changed to "Liaison Office of the Central People's Government." It is headquartered in a tower in the city's Sai Ying Pun district. In 2003, the office was reorganized as a "second government" parallel and equal in status to the "local government" in Admiralty. Since 2012, Sai Ying Pun has been the dominant partner in the Hong Kong government. The Liaison Office is headed by a director, currently Luo Huining. Luo is a member of the national party's central committee. The office has extensive and undisclosed property holdings through Newman Investment, a subsidiary. The office reports to the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, an agency of the Beijing government. This agency is currently headed by Xia Baolong, also a central committee member.

The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 provides that Hong Kong will enjoy a "high degree of autonomy except for foreign and defence affairs" under a "one country, two systems" approach. This approach was to last for fifty years, from 1997 to 2047. China promised that it would hold a direct election for chief executive by 2017. In August 2014, the Chinese parliament announced that Hong Kong voters would choose a chief executive from two or three candidates nominated by a committee. This announcement triggered mass pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong in the form of the Umbrella Movement. The protests failed to stop the selection of Carrie Lam as chief executive in 2017. In 2017, a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry announced that the joint declaration was no longer valid.

In 2019 the Hong Kong government proposed a bill to [[extradite]] suspects who were wanted on the mainland. Unlike Hong Kong courts, mainland courts do not provide suspects with due process or other legal protections. A series of enormous protests were held in Hong Kong and the bill was withdrawn on October 23, 2019. Parties that supported the pro-democracy protesters swept the District Council elections that were held in November.<ref>Loh, Christine, "[https://hkupress.hku.hk/pro/con/1724.pdf Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong]" Second Edition.</ref>

===Racism and minority rights===
:''See also: [[East Asia, China, atheism and racism#China and racism|China and racism]]''
The Internations organization website declares concerning racism in China:
{{quotebox|China’s economic investment in a number of African countries may well have helped to create the prejudice that all Africans are poor and profiting from money that should rather be invested at home, thus fostering racism in China. In Guangzhou, where a large number of Africans have settled over the last few years, racial tensions have been particularly high.<ref>[https://www.internations.org/china-expats/guide/29460-safety-security/discrimination-and-racism-in-china-17752 Discrimination and Racism in China], Internations.org website</ref>}}
Gen. Xu Qiliang, vice-chair of the Central Military Commission and a member of the [[Politburo Standing Committee]] who is China's most senior military officer, refused to meet with his counterpart, [[Lloyd Austin]], America's first [[African American]] [[Defense Secretary]].<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2021/05/23/show-of-disrespect-top-military-leaders-in-china-shunning-bidens-woke-defense-sec-report-1078176/</ref>

====Africans and American blacks====
Leroy Adams writes in an article entitled ''What is it like to be Black in China?'':
{{quotebox|China is a country plagued by racism.

To be Black or African in China is to be labeled unintelligent, dangerous, unattractive, or to see an empty seat next to you on a crowded subway.<ref>[https://www.inkstonenews.com/opinion/black-panther-what-it-be-black-china/article/2136990 ''What is it like to be Black in China?''], Inkstone News</ref>}}

Barry Sautman published via the ''Cambridge University Press'' about racism in post-Mao Zedong China:
{{quotebox|Expressions of anti-black sentiment by Chinese students have caught the world's attention periodically since the end of the 1970s. Demonstrations against African students in Nanjing and other cities between late 1988 and early 1989 received wide press coverage. Because the African population in China is small and transient, some observers saw these events as a manifestation of vestigial xenophobia, not as part of a developing trend of thought within a key segment of Chinese society. Placed next to the brutal ethnic conflicts that plague much of the world, the episodic, non-lethal incidents in China seemed evanescent, with only fleeting implications for China's foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/anti-black-racism-in-post-mao-china/862AF22CB97347DD0EF289792919640B Anti-Black Racism in Post-Mao China] by Barry Sautman, ''Cambridge University Press''</ref>}}
The Leftwing communist government's response to the coronavirus was to blame foreigners for importing the virus.<ref>https://www.ibtimes.com/china-blames-world-new-coronavirus-cases-all-imported-no-local-transmission-2946187</ref> [[Black]] Africans and [[African American]]s were evicted from their apartments and refused service in local shops and restaurants.<ref>https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/africans-in-china-being-evicted-from-homes-after-lockdown-ends/ar-BB12uxqM</ref> Those who could leave the socialist paradise ended up living on the streets, constantly harassed by the [[police]].<ref>https://www.france24.com/en/20200411-if-you-re-black-you-can-t-go-out-africans-in-china-face-racism-in-covid-19-crackdown</ref>

One of the biggest ways the outbreak of the CCP coronavirus has damaged China's international reputation is by exposing the country's racist attitude toward Africans. Despite the fact that the virus originated in China itself, local governments and people in different parts of the country have been treating Africans like they were the ones responsible for triggering the COVID-19 pandemic. Such an attitude obviously has angered millions of Africans back home.<ref>https://www.visiontimes.com/2020/05/05/africans-enraged-at-chinas-racist-attitude.html</ref>

On April 13, 2020, the U.S. consulate had to issue an alert warning [[African American]]s to avoid the [[Guangzhou]] region since they could be racially targeted. It advised African Americans in China to always carry their identity documents with them since it is less likely for officials to target American citizens.

China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian accused the U.S. of trying to drive a wedge between Africa and China, saying that the United States was being neither responsible nor [[moral]]. A [[State Department]] spokesperson pointed out that the mistreatment meted out to Africans in China is a clear signal of how hollow the China-Africa relationship is despite Beijing constantly masquerading as being a benefactor for African people.<ref>https://en.tuidang.org/news/communist-regime/2020/05/africans-enraged-at-chinas-racist-attitude.html</ref>

====Uyghurs and Muslims====
According to various estimates, the Chinese Communist authorities have placed anywhere from 1-3 million Turkic Muslims, mostly ethnic [[Uyghur]]s, and [[Kazakh]]s, in Concentration Camps without formal charges, trials or hearings, and with no timetable for release. Many detainees have little or no contact with their families and, in some cases, young children. Some CCP officials describe the Xinjiang camps as “vocational education institutions” in which “trainees” learn the Chinese language, legal knowledge, and job skills, and undergo “de-extremization.” Other CCP authorities state that detainees are “infected with religious extremism and violent terrorist ideology.” According to some reports, many prisoners had engaged in activities that authorities may now deem “extremist,” including participating in religious services outside of officially sanctioned places of
worship; [[home-schooling]] one's children; spending time abroad or having relatives living abroad; and expressing religious sentiments.

Many detainees reportedly are compelled to express or chant their love of the Communist Party and President Xi Jinping, sing patriotic songs, renounce or reject many of their religious beliefs and customs, including their avoidance of pork, alcohol, and smoking, and undergo ideological indoctrination and self-criticisms. According to former detainees, treatment and conditions in the camps include beatings, food deprivation, and crowded and unsanitary conditions. Some reeducation centers reportedly contain factories where detainees are forced to work, in some cases producing goods for export.

Recent security measures include the following:
*Police Presence and Surveillance: Thousands of “convenience” police stations, furnished with antiriot and high-tech [[surveillance]] equipment, have been installed.
*Biometric data collection: Authorities have systematically collected and cataloged [[DNA]] samples, [[blood type]]s, and fingerprints and performed eye scans of Uyghurs for identification purposes as part of its social stability campaign, often under the guise of “health physicals.”
*Internet and Social Media Controls: Uyghurs in some areas of the XUAR are required to install an application on their [[mobile phone]]s that enables authorities to monitor their online activities.
*Homestays: The government has sent an estimated one million officials and state workers from outside the XUAR, mostly ethnic Han, to live temporarily in the homes of Uyghurs to assess their hosts’ loyalty to the Communist Party.<ref>https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1148671/download</ref>

===Covid-19 pandemic===
:{{See also|Global Wuhan coronavirus pandemic‎‎|Coronavirus}}
[[File:WHO-CCP Wuhan virus.PNG|left|300px|thumb|The [[World Health Organization]], headed by a Marxist [[fellow traveller]], publicly announced that the [[Wuhan virus]] originating in [[China]] posed no threat of contagious reaction between humans.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2020/03/18/flashback-who-china-coronavirus-contagious/</ref> Within a month the [[planet]] faced a global [[pandemic]].]]
The Chinese Communist Party stifled public warnings about the Chinese [[Wuhan coronavirus]] [[epidemic]] for six weeks after the first confirmed inflections in early December 2019. Doctors who posted on [[social media]] about the virus were arrested and forced to sign confessions admitting to crimes of "disrupting the social order" and "rumourmongering".<ref> The confession signed on Jan. 3, 2020 says that they had “severely disrupted social order:”"On December 30, 2019, WeChat group "Clinical Wuhan University 04" issued untrue statements about 7 cases of SARS diagnosed in the South China fruit and seafood market. Now raise warnings and admonitions according to law on the illegal issue of untrue statements on the Internet. Your behavior severely disrupts social order. Your behavior has exceeded the scope permitted by law, and it violates the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Public Security Management Penalties, which is an illegal act! The public security organ hopes that you will actively cooperate with your work, follow the advice of the police, and stop illegal behavior. can you do it? Answer: Yes We hope that you calm down and reflect carefully, and solemnly warn you: if you are stubborn, do not think about repentance, and continue to carry out illegal activities, you will be punished by the law! do you understand? Answer: understand" [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E4%BA%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%AD%E8%AF%AB%E4%B9%A6.png Exhortation of Wuhan Public Security Bureau Wuchang Branch Zhongnan Road Street Police Station], February 7, 2020. wikicommons.org </ref> The local Communist-controlled Wuhan government was instructed by the central authority not to issue health alerts until after the virus was spread throughout the country and internationally. The [[Beijing]] central government in turn blamed local officials for allowing people to exit the city and put the rest of the population in danger.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/wuhan-mayor-admits-wrongdoing-but-pushes-blame-on-beijing-for-mishandling-viral-outbreak-crisis_3218297.html</ref>

President [[Donald Trump]] offered China any help necessary.<ref>https://news.am/eng/news/556919.html</ref> The leftist regime, with its trademark [[monopoly]] control of power, banned private charities and volunteers from entering Hubei Province or sending materials to hospitals directly.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-restricts-medical-supply-donations-to-epicenter-despite-dire-need-during-viral-outbreak_3217718.html</ref>

Chinese scientists eventually admitted the virus may have originated at a government laboratory only 280 meters away from the Huanan seafood market. A Chinese-language newspaper published in Hong Kong, ''Ming Pao'', and the British daily, ''The Mirror'' explained that the Wuhan Center for Disease Control, or WHCDC, could have spawned the contagion in Hubei Province. It stated that it's plausible the virus was leaked from the lab and contaminated initial patients in this epidemic. Sen. [[Tom Cotton]], citing ''The Lancet'', tweeted
{{quotebox-float|China claimed—for almost two months—that coronavirus had originated in a Wuhan seafood market. That is not the case. @TheLancet published a study demonstrating that of the original 40 cases, 14 of them had no contact with the seafood market, including Patient Zero.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/tom-cotton-implies-coronavirus-originated-in-wuhan-super-laboratory</ref>}}
Sources within China say 90,000 people were infected before the Chinese Communist Party alerted the public to the danger of the epidemic. People reporting on [[social media]] about the true extent of the disaster from within the Wuhan containment zone risk arrest by the atheist-controlled CCP.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-issues-harsh-warning-to-silence-social-media-postings-on-wuhan-pneumonia_3219251.html</ref> The case histories and the pattern of infection were known to Chinese researchers from the beginning, so earlier reports fingering the market may have been intentionally misleading.<ref>Cohen, Jon, "[https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally]," ''Science'', Jan. 26, 2020.</ref>

====Public broadcasting and reporting====
[[File:Projected cases.png|right|350px|thumb|Projected cases and fatalities January 27, 2020, four days after the outbreak became known; within four more days reported fatalities and infections more than doubled.]]
:{{See also|Chinese epidemic coverup|CCP propaganda war}}
On February 5, 2020, State-run media broadcast an interview with lead scientist Wang Chen. Chen claimed:

1. The situation is grave. A new diagnostic class "clinically diagnosed" (those showing clinical symptoms but without [[RNA]] test) is added to facilitate access to treatment.

2. 11 new container hospitals will provide patients with light symptoms with limited medical care but better containment. Real hospitals will be used for serious cases (confirmed or suspected).

3. Suspected patients will stay in single rooms in container hospitals. Infected patients will stay in open-air beds.

4. They don't know how many are actually infected. The officially reported number is just the new test results.

5. Gilead's medicine has shown the most promise. But it still requires clinical trials.

6. They can't estimate when the turning point will be.

Chinese state-run media falsely blamed the United States for the outbreak.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fg7FwHteB0I</ref> On March 12, 2020, the Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman initiated a [[conspiracy theory]] that the US military started the coronavirus in China,.<ref>https://twitter.com/MrAndyNgo/status/1238150527751319575</ref><ref>https://news.trust.org/item/20200312152307-rlv7m</ref> Leftist media in the United States willingly aided Chinese propaganda efforts by falsely calling those who link the virus to Wuhan, where it first manifested, "[[racist]]".<ref>https://www.bizpacreview.com/2020/03/13/dems-media-warned-new-narrative-aids-chinas-new-conspiracy-us-military-started-covid-19-896694</ref>

====Under-reporting true scale of pandemic====
The true scale of infections is estimated to be possibly ten times higher than the official number reported by the Chinese central government.<ref>https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chinas-coronavirus-victims-likely-10-times-higher-than-reported-analyst-says-155836267.html</ref>

On January 24, 2020, one day after the world was first alerted to the outbreak, a doctor circumventing [[liberal censorship|leftist censorship]] in Wuhan reported 90,000 infected cases.<ref>Dear friends, elders,
I ’m still in the epidemic area of Hankou, Wuhan, and I’d like to report to you the current epidemic situation in Hubei and even the whole country.
There are now more than 90,000 person-times (Note: Infected person-times or incidents?)
What is the chance of this virus being transmitted? After a person is infected, if he is not effectively isolated,
Or if effective treatment is performed, he will infect 14 people around him, so this level is very large.
Now it’s the time of the Chinese New Year family and friends, relatives, children, and children are all going to the house to reunite the family together for a reunion dinner
The situation is special now. I hope you don’t go out.
Every year in the Spring Festival, as long as people are safe, everyone can be together anytime, anywhere
Let me introduce you to the situation of medical supplies in Hubei Province
At present, the entire medical system in Wuhan, which integrates the entire medical system in Hubei Province, has passed through our superiors. The health and health committee (Note: these three words are uncertain)
Various administrative departments

The municipal government and the provincial government are initiating donations to the society through major media. This material is medical material. For example, the goggles I wear
Wear disposable masks, wear disposable gloves, wear this gown, or even isolation pants.
This material is extremely accurate. Our current medical staff must come back to the front line when they come down from the clinic.
I am now equivalent to recording this video with everyone on the FireWire, in order to make everyone accurate.
I stress again that during the Spring Festival holiday, don’t go out and stay in your own house, otherwise I’m desperately ahead
Not just to keep my dad, my loved ones, healthy
I hope everyone can understand, I also know that some relatives are not in the group, please see the news of me, call each other and inform
It must be done. I hope everyone can raise awareness. This is a political task.
And I’m reporting very bad news. This new type of coronavirus has undergone the second-generation mutation
In other words, in the first generation of mutation, we can treat it symptomatically.
Then when the second-generation mutation occurs, this is terrible, and its chance of infection is not one person to one person, one person has the disease and infects 14 people around him.
Then it is pour burst (note: these five characters are uncertain)
I hope everyone remembers, don’t go out, don’t go out, don’t meet, don’t have dinner
thank you all https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfdWmjPt2ow https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/wuhan-nurse-fears-90000-infected-emotional-plea-help</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' of [[London]] quoted Prof. Neil Ferguson saying “My best guess now is perhaps 100,000 cases right now. Almost certainly many tens of thousands of people are infected.”<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/26/coronavirus-could-infect-100000-globally-experts-warn</ref> Other sources likewise have implied that the [[communist]] government of China may have under-reported the true dimensions of the problem.

Because coronavirus is a "novel" virus, meaning "new" or "unknown", technicians lack the training to identify infections. People are going to multiple hospitals daily, attempting to be tested or treated. There are a limited number of test kits available, so hospitals have to choose who will be tested. That is one more reason why the true extent of the virus was underreported.

The first week 213 deaths were reported worldwide with over 9,800 confirmed infections. The leftist Chinese regime was suspected of suppressing the real extent of the epidemic. By the end of the second week, 813 were reported dead with more than 37,300 confirmed infected. 193,000 were under observation. 400 million people were on lockdown nationwide.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/more-400-million-people-lockdown-guangzhou-joins-quarantine</ref>

Near the end of the third week, 1,666 were reported dead with 69,000 plus infected. There was near universal skepticism - inside and outside China - on the Chinese socialist government's reporting on the epidemic.

2363 deaths were reported with 78,000 infections near the end of the fourth week. CCP officials admitted to changing their methodology of reported infections, lowering the rate of reported numbers. [[South Korea]] was reporting a complete doubling every day for the past four days. [[Iran]] was experiencing a serious outbreak. Reported numbers in the United States were puzzling.

The sixth week - after the virus spread globally and the first death was reported in the United States, NTD reported that the Communists ordered all data on the coronavirus to be destroyed in a province close to Beijing, in a deceitful attempt to suppress the true extent of the virus' spread in China.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRagZsnEc2Q</ref>

====Censorship====
[[File:Drone-footage-shows-mass-grave-in-new-yorks-hart-island-1-thum (1).jpg|right|250px|thumb|Burial of unidentified and unclaimed bodies on Hart Island, New York during the global Covid-19 pandemic.]]
CCP authorities cracked down hard on people trying to break through the veil of government secrecy, as [[discrediting attack|they call it "rumormongering"]], according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. All persons who spread "fake news" (i.e. the truth about the real extent of the epidemic, its spread and its consequences), and thus disturb social order, will face up to three years in prison detention or disciplinary action under China's [[social credit system]]. Offenders who cause serious consequences will be given three to seven-year prison terms.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLROgqAjDhQ</ref>

Despite the threat of prison, many people still went online to blame the government, both high and low-ranking officials. Some residents of Wuhan posted videos calling for international help. Viral videos showed dead bodies on the floor in hospitals as patients sat nearby. Videos of massively crowded hospitals were posted causing local authorities to build a giant new containment facility in a week. However, video footage of the project came from Chinese state media. It was released to [[the West|Western]] [[media]] as a [[propaganda]] effort to demonstrate how "great" the [[authoritarian]] approach to problem-solving is. The structures are not really hospitals at all. The structures are large quarantine camps where people are monitored and receive no treatment at all.<ref>https://twitter.com/owishemwe/status/1225758761370910720</ref><ref>[[BuzzFeed]] reported that video of one such "hospital" was actually an apartment building being constructed on the other side of the country. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/china-state-media-false-coronavirus-hospital-image</ref>

The Chinese people became more creative in skirting leftist censorship laws. Guizhou television broadcast a child reading a poem entitled, ''"China has a cold because of a virus that wears a crown,''" a veiled reference to [[President Xi]] and the Communist party.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajONB3eMQP4</ref>

The leftist social media platform [[Twitter]] suspended [[Zerohedge]] for its extensive reporting on the Coronavirus outbreak.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/political/zerohedge-suspended-twitter</ref>

On March 1, 2020, the Communist regime imposed a new [[internet]] censorship policy on the heavily policed Weibo. The hashtag #takedownthewall began trending. Some comments were preserved in screenshots:
*"I know it's useless, but I want to speak up anyway."
*"I'd rather die than not be free."
*"I want to know the world."
*"If we don't take it down, the wall will only be higher and higher."
*"Why should we be proud to stick our head in the sand?"
*"I retweeted 6 posts. They are all deleted now because they have the hashtag. I am going to repost them."
*"We don't want to live in a world where we can't speak. We want to have our own voice."
*"They cover our eyes, ears, mouths....but now, do they want to cut off our hands so we can't write? Maybe they will cut off our feet so we can't walk ahead."

====Lockdown and mass arrests====
[[File:Annotation 2020-01-28 161645.png|300px|right|thumb|Containment facilities with barred windows for Coronavirus patients in Wuhan, China.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/china-posts-video-of-hospital-trailers-with-steel-bars-on-windows-locks-on-outside/</ref>]]
Prior to the opening of camps, the Communist Party nailed and barricaded whole households inside their residences. Gates of apartment buildings were welded shut,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YtqH6eyGaM</ref> and food was delivered every three days. When the quarantine camps were ready to receive victims, the Chinese government began forcibly removing people and arresting them to fill up camps.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GYqcNy4UGU</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gsfe-LAMFIk</ref> [[5G]] technology has been used to facilitate mass round-up

A person can be arrested for not wearing a mask.

Student dorms have been taken over as quarantine detention facilities.

The socialist system, which guarantees access to healthcare as a human right, posted banners reading,
{{quotebox-float|"If you dare go out we will break your legs; we'll knock your teeth off if you dare talk back."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmsD3myyFas&t=84s</ref>}}
At least two citizen journalists who were reporting on the real situation in Wuhan and posting on the internet disappeared. It is unknown if they fell victim to the virus or were arrested for violating [[Liberal censorship|communist censorship]] laws.

====Public and party reaction====

One of the eight doctors - [[Dr. Li Wenliang]] - forced to sign a confession on January 3, 2020, admitting to posting “illegal and false” information warning the public of the coronavirus outbreak and epidemic, died on February 7, 2020. A selfie of the doctor lying sick in his hospital bed went viral, stirring widespread outrage in China.<ref>https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/15576/china-coronavirus-li-wenliang</ref> “To get an idea of the enormous scale of said outpouring of grief and anger, Dr. Li’s death apparently generated 800 million(!) comments on Weibo by midnight - 2.5 hours after it was first reported and 3 hours before it was confirmed by the hospital."<ref>https://twitter.com/davidpaulk/status/1225620210775994368?s=11</ref>

A woman in Wuhan posted a video saying,
{{quotebox|Chinese Communist Party, when are you going to step down? You promised us that Chinese people will enjoy ‘moderate prosperity’ in 2020, but what have we attained [from you] so far? We lost our relatives [because of you]!

Tell me, what does it mean to achieve ‘moderate prosperity’?” What does ‘moderate prosperity’ mean to us when people have lost their lives? What on earth are you doing? What do we need such a government for? I beg you, please go away! Step Down! We need good leaders who can help us live a good life. We don’t need such a corrupt government.

The soaring home prices and high cost of living have caused hardships for Chinese residents. And now so many people are dying. Everyone will get to see the economic bubble burst.

You should bear the consequences of your actions. Do not implicate us ordinary folk. Now we are bearing the brunt of it, and we are being sacrificed for what you have been doing!

What on earth are you? Are you humans or devils?<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/health/are-you-humans-or-devils-chinese-woman-lashes-out-authorities-after-relatives-die-virus</ref>}}

According to Kyle Bass, Chief Investment Officer at Hayman Capital Management,
{{quotebox|Secretary Xi is in trouble within China. According to my sources within, the party elite want Xi gone. The Guangdong elite ([[Deng Xiaoping|Uncle Deng]]’s family) are beginning to rattle the cages of change against the supposed “emperor for life”. #XiJinping #china #ChinaLiedAndPeopleDied<ref>https://twitter.com/Jkylebass/status/1249016519574663169</ref><ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/health/china-begins-mass-deletion-online-research-coronavirus-origins</ref>}}

====Wolf warrior diplomacy====
:{{See also|Wolf warrior diplomacy}}
The Chinese Communist regime reacted to the international crisis it created with "Wolf Warrior" style diplomacy, named after the 2015 Chinese action film and its 2017 sequel. Wolf Warrior is named for a fearsome screen hero, Wu Jing, a kind of Chinese Rambo. The CCP stoked anger in Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and many others.

The CCP demands that the outside world treat Taiwan as a pariah. It wants it to be known only as “Chinese Taipei” or “Taiwan, Province of China” in public documents. It insists that the island state be denied observer status in the World Health Assembly, the deliberative body for the UN's health watchdog, the World Health Organisation.

CCP's English language mouthpiece, ''Global Times'' justifies the CCP's bellicose reaction to international requests for an independent inquiry into the origins of the CCP virus outbreak:
{{quotebox|what's behind China's perceived "Wolf Warrior" style diplomacy is the changing strengths of China and [[the West]]. When the West falls short of its ability to uphold its interests, it can only resort to a hysterical hooligan style [[diplomacy]] in an attempt to maintain its waning dignity. As Western diplomats fall into disgrace, they are getting a taste of China's "Wolf Warrior" diplomacy....

Some claim that China is abandoning its principle of "hiding its ability and biding its time" which it stuck to over the past 30 years. The "Wolf Warrior" style of diplomacy doesn't contradict this principle, it's just less subtle. The reasoning behind this principle was to dilute ideological conflicts and concentrate on development, and China's national policy has always prioritized economic development. China embraces [[globalization]] and multilateral cooperation. The growing influence of China worldwide can be largely attributed to internationalization and the force of markets.<ref>https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1185776.shtml</ref>}}
On April 3, 2020, a Chinese coast guard ship intentionally rammed and sank a [[Vietnam]]ese fishing vessel. The two countries are in conflict over the jurisdiction of the Paracel Islands and fishing rights in the waters around the archipelago. On April 18, China unilaterally announced the establishment of the Nansha and Xisha administrative districts in the Paracels and the [[Spratly Islands]], drawing a protest from the [[Philippines]], which has a presence of its own on at least nine Spratly islands and islets, including Fiery Cross Reef. The Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, which monitors territorial conflicts, says Fiery Cross has been transformed into a Chinese missile base. In an earlier move, in mid-February 2020, a Chinese naval ship locked its radar on a Philippines naval vessel near the Commodore Reef in the Spratlys, signaling a strike as an act of intimidation. China in recent months has also provoked conflicts with [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], and Taiwan. ''[[The National Review]]'' reports:
[[File:SouthChinaSea.jpg|left|350px|thumb|Disputed claims in the South China Sea.]]
{{quotebox-float|China appears to be exploiting the coronavirus pandemic to advance its [[South China Sea]] expansion project by “brute force … using its increasingly powerful navy to assert its dominance by harassing the shipping of rival states, even at times, in their own territorial waters.”

But just as China’s failure to stop a local epidemic from becoming a global catastrophe has brought it precisely the bad PR it was hoping to avoid, its South China Sea bullying has resulted in intensified anti-Chinese reactions in Southeast Asia and around the world. Beijing’s efforts to staunch the country’s hemorrhaging international reputation have had the opposite effect....

China’s illegal assertiveness in the South China Sea — its wolf-warrior diplomacy — is damaging the state’s and Chinese people’s reputations. But it is also perhaps the greatest threat to international peace and security in the world today. Understanding the sources of China’s behavior is thus a matter of paramount concern.

...Economic growth had faltered before the onset of the coronavirus, but now the country faces food shortages, unemployment, inflation, a debt crisis, and, given the inflexibility of centralized and often corrupt management, even the specter of financial collapse. The CCP has relied merely on two factors to legitimize its rule in China despite its notorious record of human rights violations and corruption: economic performance and nationalism. As the economy suffers, nationalism intensifies.

The kind of nationalism that has emerged in China is, like that of [[Nazi Germany]], intrinsically aggressive toward nonconforming individuals, groups, and other societies.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/05/chinas-wolf-warrior-diplomacy-in-context/</ref>}}
[[File:Wuhan ashes.PNG|right|thumb|150px|Trash bin full of ashes after 1 day at a Wuhan crematorium.<ref>https://twitter.com/IsChinar/status/1223045699874492417</ref>]]

=====Decoupling=====

Decoupling refers to restricting and terminating certain trade relationships with the Chinese Communist Party. Decoupling, however, is not limited merely to commerce. It will affect student exchange programs as students from China are hand-selected by the Chinese Communist Party and expected to serve the party upon graduation without becoming infected with ideas such as [[democracy]], [[justice]], and [[religion]] while in the United States. American students studying in China likewise are targeted for compromise, blackmail, and ideological subversion.

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board oversees the Thrift Savings Plan, a retirement fund for federal employees and members of the uniformed military services, with about $600 billion in assets. Money is withheld from federal employees and the military's paychecks to contribute to the fund. Approximately 11% is invested in Chinese companies, some of which produce weapons designed to kill members of the U.S. military.<ref>https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/trump-orders-federal-retirement-money-invested-in-chinese-equities-to-be-pulled</ref> The government of China even prior to the CCP virus outbreak was in violation of U.S. sanctions law and engaged in humanitarian and human rights abuse.

====Crematoriums====

The leftist regime was accused of burning bodies 24 hours a day in secret to hide the true number of deaths.<ref>https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm</ref><ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/burning-bodies-secret-new-accounts-wuhan-detail-coronavirus-outbreak</ref><ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/funeral-home-worker-in-wuhan-epicenter-of-coronavirus-we-are-working-24-7-to-cremate-bodies_3227432.html</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhgtRhWh240</ref> Crematory workers are working 10–12 hours a day and do not go home. More than 60% of victims die at home and 38% in hospitals. The communist bureaucracy tries to issue death certificates, including the cause of death, within thirty minutes. Transporting corpses to crematoriums for disposal is the most time-consuming task in the process.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KFxCqV1fPQ</ref> Typically, Wuhan funeral homes handled about 220 deaths per day. Funeral workers were brought into Wuhan from all over China to operate the city's crematoriums 24/7 with a capacity of cremations of over 1,500 per day for two and half months.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/funeral-home-worker-in-wuhan-epicenter-of-coronavirus-we-are-working-24-7-to-cremate-bodies_3227432.html</ref>

The Chinese government began using mobile crematory units. In a video circulating on the internet, a Wuhan resident says she witnessed critically ill coronavirus patients sealed up in body bags while alive.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpeNO8PSuyY</ref>

The ''[[Voice of America]]'' reported an estimate that the 84 cremation furnaces in the city have a capacity of 1560 cremations in a 24-hour period, assuming one cremation takes one hour, resulting in an estimated 46,800 deaths. A source close to the provincial civil affairs bureau said Wuhan saw 28,000 cremations in the space of a single month, suggesting that online estimates over a two-and-a-half-month period weren't excessive.

City officials handed out 3,000 yuan ($420) in hush money to families of the dead in exchange for their silence.<ref>https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/estimates-show-wuhan-death-toll-far-higher-official-figure</ref>

==History==
:{{See also|History of the Chinese Communist Party}}
Founded in 1921, was the Asian branch of the [[Comintern]], controlled by [[Joseph Stalin]] from Moscow. Mao Zedong was present at the founding <ref>Dick Wilson, ''The People's Emperor Mao: A Biography of Mao Tse-tung'', New York 1979, pg. 60.</ref> and became the dominant party leader in 1935 during the [[Long March]], whose survivors controlled the party into the 1990s. Mao and his CCP were the bitter enemies of the [[Kuomintang]] party ('''KMT''') under [[Chiang Kai-shek]], which ruled China until defeated by the CCP in 1949. Chiang and his army retreated to the nearby island of Taiwan, which still operates a separate regime. By 1956 U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Grew commented,
{{QuoteBox|The appalling figures on [[murder]]s committed by the Beijing Communist government are neither propaganda, exaggerations nor guesses. Since the Communists drove [[Chiang Kai-shek]] and the Nationalists off the mainland in 1949, official accounts in Red newspapers have listed the executions of millions of Chinese. . . 
. . . The real total of Chinese deaths administered by Beijing probably would total a great deal more than the estimates. Few Chinese marked for death by Beijing had a chance to escape their executioners. The Communists masked their real intentions with a deceptively mild, restrained and orderly entry to power.<ref>Joseph C. Grew, ''Invasion Alert!'' (Baltimore, Maran Publishers, 1956), pp. 42-44. [http://openlibrary.org/works/OL4721833W/Invasion_alert!]</ref><ref>R.J. Rummel,
[http://freedomspeace.blogspot.com/2005/11/reevaluating-chinas-democide-to-be.html Reevaluating China's Democide to be 73,000,000], November 20, 2005.</ref>}}
It is not an easy task to introduce a foreign and evil specter such as the Communist Party—one that is totally incompatible with the Chinese tradition—to China, a country with a history of 5,000 years of civilization. With a long monarchial and feudal past, traditional Chinese had no word equivalent to the [[Western]] concept of "political party". Hence the CCP adopted a word associated with "criminal gang" as part of its official name.<ref>http://www.ninecommentaries.com/english-2</ref> The CCP deceived the populace, and the patriotic intellectuals who wanted to serve the country, with the promise of the “communist utopia.”

It further distorted the theory of communism, which had already been severely distorted by Lenin, to provide a theoretical basis for destroying all traditional morals and principles. In addition, the CCP's distorted theory of communism was used to destroy all that was disadvantageous to the CCP's rule and to eliminate all social classes and people that might pose a threat to its control.

American conservatives have always been vehemently hostile toward Mao, and against his CCP until the 1980s, when a modernizing, pro-capitalist faction led by Deng Xiaoping (1904–97) came to power. The current leader of the party is Xi Jinping.

===Mao era===
====Soviet Comintern affiliate====
[[Image:Hgdutyu6.png|right|thumb|Flag of the Communist Party of China]]
The All-Russian Communist Party ([[Bolshevik]]) (later known as the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]), was obsessed with ambition for [[China]]. In 1920, the Soviet Union established the Far Eastern Bureau, a branch of the Third Communist International, or the [[Comintern]]. It was responsible for the establishment of a Communist party in China and other countries. Sumiltsky was the head of the bureau, and Grigori Voitinsky was a deputy manager. They began to prepare for the establishment of the CCP with Chen Duxiao and others. The proposal they submitted to the Far Eastern Bureau in June 1921 to establish a China branch of the Comintern indicated that the CCP was a branch led by the Comintern. On July 23, 1921, under the help of Nikolsky and Maring from the Far East Bureau, the CCP was officially formed.

Marxism with its declaration to “use violent revolution to destroy the old state apparatus and to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat” was a completely foreign concept in China. Mao Zedong said, "The social scum and hoodlums have always been spurned by the society, but they are actually the bravest, the most thorough and firmest in the revolution in the rural areas."<ref>From Mao’s “Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan” (March 1927).</ref> The [[lumpen proletariat]] enhanced the violent nature of the CCP and established the early political power of the communist party in rural areas. The word “[[revolution]]” in Chinese literally means “taking lives.” In a debate over the term “lumpenproletariat” during the [[Cultural Revolution]], the CCP felt that “lumpen” did not sound good, and so the CCP replaced it with “[[proletariat]]” simply.

The CCP raised funds by robbing banks and [[kidnap]]ping. Those kidnapped were kept alive to be ransomed back to their families for continued monetary support for the army. It was not until either the Red Army was satisfied or the kidnapped families were completely drained of resources that the hostages were sent home. Some had been tortured so badly that they died before they could return.

In 1935, Mao and Zhou Enlai were elected to the executive committee of the Comintern in Moscow. They remained on this committee until it was publicly disbanded in 1943. A Moscow message to all stations on 12 September 1943, message number 142,<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00008.cfm Venona 142(a) Moscow to Canberra 12 September 1943]. Text reads: "change in circumstances - and in particular the dissolution of the [[Comintern]] - necessitates a change in the method used by the workers of our residencies to keep in touch with the leaders of the local [[Communist Party of the United States of America#Secret apparatus|Communist]] organizations on intelligence matters. 
2. Our workers, by continuing to meet the leader of the Communists, are exposing themselves to danger and are giving cause [''orgs of''] local authorities to suspect that the Comintern is still in existence. 
3. We propose: 
a. That personal contact with leaders of the local Communist organizations should cease and that Communist material should not be accepted for forwarding to the Comintern. 
b. That meetings of our workers may take place only with special reliable undercover [ZAKONSPIRIROVANNYJ] contacts of the Communist [D% organizations], who are not suspected by the [''orgs of''] local authorities, exclusively about specific aspects of our intelligence work (acquiring [1 group unidentified] contacts, leads [NAVODKI], rechecking of those who are being cultivated, etc.). For each meeting it is necessary to obtain our consent. 

Representative of the Soviet Union. 

No. 4084 
Lt. Gen. [[P.M. Fitin]]. 

Notes: [a] This message is known to have been sent also to NEW YORK, SAN FRANCISCO, and OTTAWA.</ref> relating to this event is one of the most interesting and historically important messages in the enter corpus of [[VENONA]] translations. This message clearly discloses the [[KGB]]'s connection to the COMINTERN and to the national Communist parties.<ref>Counterintelligence Reader, [http://www.fas.org/irp/ops/ci/docs/ci2/2ch4_a.htm Volume 2, Chapter 4]. National Counterintelligence Center, United States Government. n.d.</ref>

[[Edgar Snow]] introduced Mao and [[Zhou Enlai]] to American readers in 1937 in his book, ''Red Star Over China'', shortly after the [[Chinese Red Army]]’s route by [[Chiang Kai-shek]] in 1934 and their year long retreat to [[Yan'an]] known as the [[Long March]]. Snow wrote, "the political ideology, tactical line and theoretical leadership of the Chinese Communists have been under the close guidance, if not positive detailed direction, of the Communist International, which during the last decade has become virtually a bureau of the Russian Communist Party." And he further declared that the CCP had to subordinate itself to the "strategic requirements of [[Soviet Russia]], under the leadership of [[Stalin]]."<ref>Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow, New York, 1937.</ref>

====Jiangxi Soviet Republic====
[[Image:Cn-rsk.gif|right|thumb|Flag of the Peoples Republic of China from 1928 - 7 Nov 1931. The Soviet Republic of China, referred to as the Jiangxi Soviet Republic, was declared Dec 1, 1931.]]
In 1931 the executive committee of the Comintern in Moscow directed Mao Zedong to organize a Soviet on the Russian model.<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'' by David J. Dallin (New Haven, 1948); ''Inside Red China'' by Nym Wales (New York, 1939); [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/China.html#PRC Kiangsi Soviet Republic].</ref> Mao Zedong and [[Zhu De]], and later [[Zhou Enlai]], set up a Soviet government in two central provinces of China. In 1933, the CCP sent a message to [[Josef Stalin]] which read, "Lead us on, O our pilot, from victory to victory!"<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'', David J. Dallin, New Haven, 1948; 17th Congress of Communist Party of Soviet Union, Stenog. Report, p. 1323, quoted in ''While You Slept: Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It'', [[John T. Flynn]], New York: The Devin - Adair Company, 1951, [http://www.mises.org/books/whileyouslept.pdf pg. 21] pdf.</ref> The 1934 Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic stated that the "Chinese Soviet Government has the ... goal of eventual nationalization of all land." <ref>Ilpyong J. Kim, ''The Politics of Chinese Communism'', Berkeley 1973, p. 25.</ref>

The CCP promised the intellectuals a “heaven on earth.” Later it labeled them “[[rightist]]” and put them into the infamous ninth category of persecuted people, alongside landlords and spies. It deprived landlords and capitalists of their property, exterminated the landlord and rich peasant classes, destroyed rank and order in the countryside, took authority away from local figures, kidnapped and extorted bribes from the richer people, [[brainwash]]ed war prisoners, “reformed” industrialists and capitalists, infiltrated the [[KMT]] and disintegrated it, split from the Communist International and betrayed it, cleaned out all dissidents through successive political movements after it came to power in 1949, and threatened its own members with coercion.

The CCP started to build its theoretical system of [[genocide]] at its early stage as a composite of its theories on [[class]], [[revolution]], struggle, [[violence]], [[dictatorship]], movements, and [[political parties]].<ref>''On the Beginnings of the Chinese Communist Party'', Nine Commentaries on the Chinese Communist Party, The Epoch Times, December 13, 2004.</ref> In the “Soviet areas” of Jiangxi Province, while the CCP was encircled by the KMT and could barely survive, it still conducted internal cleansing operations in the name of cracking down on the Anti-Bolshevik League, executing its own soldiers at night or stoning them to death to save bullets.

====Long March====
The Long March was a 6,000-mile retreat of the Chinese Communist Army back to northwest to Outer [[Mongolia]] and the Soviet Union after it was routed by the [[Kuomintang]] in October 1933 to January 1934. In the fifth operation by the KMT, which aimed to encircle and annihilate the CCP, the CCP lost its rural strongholds one after another. With its base areas continually shrinking, the main [[Red Army]] had to flee. The “Long March” was aimed at breaking out of the encirclement and fleeing to [[Outer Mongolia]] and the Soviet Union along an arc that first went west and then north. Once in place, the CCP could escape into the Soviet Union in case of defeat.

The Long March traveled through Shanxi and Suiyuan where no [[Japanese]] troops were deployed. Along the way, the Army of the CCP claimed to be fighting the Japanese. A year later, when the CCP finally arrived at Shanbei (northern Shaanxi province), the main force of the Central Red Army had decreased from 80,000 to 6,000 people. The Communists in 1949 rallied to conquer mainland China, and all the Communist leaders of the country after 1949 were on the Long March; by the 1960s, the children of people on the March started to gain power.

====Second Sino-Japanese War====
:{{See also|Second Sino-Japanese War}}
When the war against [[Japan]] broke out in 1937, the Kuomintang (KMT) had more than 1.7 million armed soldiers, ships with 110,000 tons of displacement, and about 600 fighter planes of various kinds.

The total size of the CCP Army, including the New Fourth Army, which was newly formed in November 1937, did not exceed 70,000 people. Its power was weakened further by internal fractional politics; it could have been eliminated in a single battle. If the CCP were to face the Japanese in battle, it would not be able to defeat a single division of Japanese troops. Sustaining its own power rather than ensuring the survival of the nation was the central focus and the reason for its emphasis on “national unity.”

After the Japanese occupied the city of Shenyang on Sept. 18, 1931, thereby extending Japanese control over large areas in northeastern China, the CCP fought alongside Japanese invaders to defeat the KMT.<ref>https://u.osu.edu/mclc/2016/07/02/truth-of-mao-zedongs-collusion-with-the-japanese-army-1/</ref> The CCP exhorted people in the KMT-controlled areas to rebel against the KMT, calling on “workers to strike, peasants to make trouble, students to boycott classes, poor people to quit working, soldiers to revolt” so as to overthrow the Nationalist government.

The KMT Army was essentially alone on the frontlines fighting the Japanese, losing more than 200 marshals in the war. The commanding officers on the CCP side bore nearly no losses. However, the textbooks of the CCP have constantly claimed that the KMT did not resist the Japanese and that it was the CCP that led the great victory in the war against Japan.

====Yan'an rectification movement====
:{{See also|Yan'an rectification movement|Rectification}}
In northern Shaanxi Province, while sandwiched between the Japanese and the KMT, the CCP began the Yan’an Rectification Movement of mass cleansing, killing many people. More than 10,000 were killed in the "rectification" process,<ref name="UJPRS">US Joint Publication Research Service. (1979). ''China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs.'' Foreign Broadcast Information Service. No ISBN digitized text March 5, 2007</ref> as the Party made efforts to attack intellectuals and replace the culture of the [[May Fourth Movement]] with that of Communist culture.<ref>Twitchett, Denis and Fairbank, John K. ''The Cambridge history of China.'' {{ISBN|0-521-24336-X}}</ref><ref>Borthwick, Mark. (1998). ''Pacific Century: The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia.'' Westview Press. {{ISBN|0-8133-3471-3}}</ref><ref name="Apter">Apter, David Ernest. (1994). Revolutionary Discourse in Mao's Republic. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|0-674-76780-2}}</ref> This type of repetitive massacre on such a massive scale did not prevent the CCP from eventually expanding its power to rule all of China. The CCP expanded this pattern of internal rivalry and killing from the small Soviet areas to the whole nation. ''The Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party'' describes the Yan'an rectification movement as,
{{quotebox|"the largest, darkest, and most ferocious power game ever played out in the human world. In the name of “cleansing petty bourgeoisie toxins,” the Party washed away morality, independence of thought, freedom of action, tolerance, and dignity....Humiliation became a fact of life in Yan’an—it was either humiliating other comrades or humiliating oneself. People were pushed to the brink of insanity, having been forced to abandon their dignity, sense of honor or shame, and love for one another to save their own lives and their own jobs. They ceased to express their own opinions and recited Party leaders’ articles instead."}}
Mao developed the techniques of "thought reform" (literally "washing the brain" in Chinese). Mao's tactics often included isolating and attacking dissenting individuals in "study groups." These techniques of pressure, ostracism, and reintegration were particularly powerful in China, where the culture puts great value on "saving face", protecting one's innermost thinking, and above all, identifying with a group. Individuals put through thought reform later described it as excruciating. The resulting changes in views were not permanent, but the experience overall seriously affected the lives of those who went through it. The CCP has used these same types of techniques on millions of Chinese since 1949.

====Maoist revolution====
In 1945–46, the U.S. attempted to force a negotiated settlement between the KMT and the Communists, but failed. In the face of economic collapse, Mao Zedong established a totalitarian regime in 1949, forcing the elected constitutional [[Republic of China]] government to [[Taiwan]].

Mao liquidated millions of opponents, acting against the International society in the [[Korean War]] (1950–53), and around 1960 broke bitterly with the Soviet Union over the control of the Communist world. Mao's regime imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. Mao bluntly said,
{{quotebox|“What can Emperor [[Qin Shi Huang]] brag about? He only killed 460 [[Confucius|Confucian]] scholars, but we killed 46,000 intellectuals. There are people who accuse us of practicing dictatorship like Emperor Qin Shi Huang, and we admit to it all. It fits the reality. It is a pity that they did not give us enough credit, so we need to add to it.”<ref>http://www.ninecommentaries.com/english-3</ref>}}

====Anti-Landlordism campaign====
To seize real power, the CCP went on a nationwide anti-landlord campaign in rural areas and in cities, murdering landlords and their families, and allegedly freeing the oppressed. Landowners were tried in public kangaroo courts in village squares where they were openly shamed and mocked, accused of committing crimes against the people. The land, however, was transferred to state ownership and not to the people, and Stalinist collectivization was imposed based upon the model implemented in the [[Ukraine]] in the 1930s (see [[Holodomor]]).

These anti-landlord campaigns and murders which [[the left]] deems "liberating the people", actually began in the communist-occupied territory of Yan'an during World War II, where the communists were hiding out from the Kuomintang and the Japanese even before the party captured the Chinese state in 1949. Landlords were forced into a [[rectification]] process, making false confessions and apologies, after which they were murdered for the offenses they "confessed" to.<ref>The CCP murderers were he alleged "agrarian reformers" the ''New York Times'' and [[Secretary of State]] [[George Marshall]] spoke of.</ref>

====Great Leap Forward====

:{{see also|Great Leap Forward|Green Leap Forward}}
In the early 1950s, China chose to model its socialist economy after that of the Soviet Union. The Soviet model called for the capital-intensive development of heavy industry, with the capital to be generated from the agricultural sector of the economy. The state would purchase grain from the farmers at low prices and sell it, both at home and on the export market, at high prices. In practice, agricultural production did not increase fast enough to generate the amount of capital required to build up China's industry according to plan. Mao Zedong (1893-1976) decided that the answer was to reorganize Chinese agriculture by pushing through a program of cooperativization (or collectivization) that would bring China's small farmers, their small plots of land, and their limited draught animals, tools, and machinery together into larger and, presumably, more efficient cooperatives.<ref>http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/mao_zedong_agricultural_cooperation.pdf</ref> The Great Leap Forward was a program to nationalize industry and agriculture.
[[Image:FrankCoegroup.jpg|thumb|left|300px
|CCP Chairman Mao Zedong (third left) with [[Israel Epstein]] (first left), [[Anna Louise Strong]] (center), [[Frank Coe]] (second right), and [[Solomon Adler]] (first right). ]]
Mao promoted a policy of disposing of "rightist" opponents and sharing the wealth in state-run cooperatives. Since steel was the matter guns and tanks were made of, Mao declared the party's priority to overtake the United States and [[Great Britain]] in steel and agricultural output in 15 years. Two [[liberal]] [[New Deal]] economists, [[Frank Coe]] and [[Solomon Adler]], were recruited as advisers.<ref name=aems>{{cite news |first=Matthew D.|last=Johnson|authorlink= |title=The Revolutionary, A film by Irv Drasnin, Lucy Ostrander and Don Sellers|url=http://www.aems.illinois.edu/publications/filmreviews/revolutionary.html|quote=Matthew D. Johnson is Assistant Professor of East Asian History at Grinnell College. His research and teaching cover modern China and East Asia, political communications and propaganda, and United States-China relations. "The Revolutionary offers a window onto a unique individual and a unique perspective on the Mao-led Communist Party, particularly during the latter’s Cultural Revolution phase. The second is that it insinuates that Maoist China was closed to Americans during the Cold War. Writers Edgar Snow and Anna Louise Strong, both of whom visited and, in Strong’s case, lived in China after 1949 also enjoyed access to China’s top leaders and played important roles as bridges between the Communist Party and U.S. As did [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] and Robert F. Williams – African-American intellectuals and leaders whose roles in transnational U.S.-China relations have been overlooked by historians on both sides. Members of the CPUSA visited China during the early 1950s and again during the Cultural Revolution, and a handful of journalists also arrived there on the eve of the Great Leap Forward. Other U.S. foreign experts employed by the PRC included former Treasury officials Frank Coe and Solomon Adler."|publisher=Asian Educational Media Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|date=October 21, 2013|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>Becker, Jasper, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, Macmillan (1998), ISBN 0-8050-5668-8, ISBN 978-0-8050-5668-6, pp. 290-299</ref><ref>Epoch Times Staff, ''Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party'', The Epoch Group, Broad Book USA (2005), ISBN 1-932674-16-0, ISBN 978-1-932674-16-3, p. 47</ref>

The program included the establishment of large agricultural communes containing as many as 75,000 people. Peasants were forced to produce steel in open furnaces at the expense of food production. 60% of the steel produced was substandard and useless. Corruption was rampant, with local party officials reporting inflated steel and agricultural output numbers to please their central party bosses. [[Famine]] set in; people resorted to eating tree bark and dirt, and in some areas to [[cannibalism]]. Farmers who failed to meet grain quotas, tried to get more food, or attempted to escape were tortured and killed along with their family members via beating, public mutilation, being buried alive, scalding with boiling water, and other methods.<ref>https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/great-leap-forward.asp</ref>

45 million people died in the [[social experiment]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/01/china-great-famine-book-tombstone</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=5NsMWCHDStQC</ref> According to the [[Japanese]] [[Wikipedia]], "It is the socialist policy with the highest number of casualties in the world."<ref>https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BA%8D%E9%80%B2%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96</ref> In 2009 Prof. Chen Lin of the Beijing Foreign Studies University said of Solomon Adler,
{{quotebox|"Sol Adler, as well as two other friends of China, [[Jack Service]] and Frank Coe, confronted [[McCarthyism|the Joseph McCarthy persecution]]. So Sol left the US to stay in the [[UK]]. During this period, he visited China many times and in various ways introduced [[New China]] to the outside world. His book ''The Chinese Economy'' in 1957 won worldwide acclaim. In 1962, when the Chinese people were facing great difficulties at home and abroad, Sol Adler resolutely decided to come and settle in China.

He said, "I have come to settle in China for three reasons: First, I have all along had great trust and [[confidence]] in the Chinese people and their leaders; second, I have all along had unshakable faith in the cause of [[socialism]]; and third, I hope to stay in China for as long as possible and work for world peace and the friendship between the Chinese people and the peoples of the world. I want to devote my whole life to the cause of socialism.".<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2009-09/05/content_8658159.htm China Daily, Sol Adler, a soulful friend (China Daily) Updated: 2009-09-05 07:39 ]</ref>}}
Chinese [[historical revisionism]] now refers to The Great Leap Forward as The Three Years of Disasters. Mao's successor Deng Xiaoping claimed the death toll to be only 16 million, one-third the actual number of victims.<ref>''Mao: The Real Story'', by Alexander P. Pantsov with Steven I. Levine, pg. 472.</ref> The Great Leap Forward remains the greatest prime example of the failure of socialist [[economic planning]]

[[Image:Cultrev.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A Cultural Revolution poster.]]

====Cultural Revolution====

The [[Cultural Revolution]] was a disastrous attempt to reform the economics, education and politics of Communist China, which led to the deaths of tens of millions of people. The upheaval began in August 1966 by Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong.

Mao's objective was to replace leaders with people who would think like him and be supportive of him as chairmen, make the Chinese Communist Party function the way he wanted, give the Chinese youth a revolutionary experience, and make changes so that education, health care, and cultural systems would be for the entirety of China and not just for the elite. In order to do this, he began to establish a cult towards himself. His party would be forced to support him as he had little patience for opponents during what he believed to be the pinnacle point of China's future as a communist state. He quickly began a system of purges to cleanse of any unwanted opposition toward him or to the gang of four, especially after he was embarrassed with the part rejecting his great leap forward policies<ref>http://asianhistory.about.com/od/modernchina/f/What-Was-The-Cultural-Revolution.htm</ref>

Mao Zedong wanted the Cultural Revolution to affect everyone in China. Ordinary people perceived to be members of the "Five Black Categories" were targeted as well as their children. The Five Black Categories were Landlords, so-called "Rich farmers", anti-communists or counter-revolutionaries, "Bad-influencers" or "bad elements", and Rightists. The ''Black Book of Communism'' reports,
{{quotebox-float|The Cultural Revolution's effects, past and present, on the world's imagination and memory stem not only from the extreme [[radicalism]] of its discourse and actions but also from its visibility; largely an urban phenomenon, it occurred in the age of [[television]], for which it presented superb images of deftly organized political ceremonies filled with a touching fervor.<ref>''Black Book of Communism'', Pg. 513.</ref>}}
[[File:Maoist Anita Dunn.jpg|thumbnail|150px|left|[[Obama]] [[White House]] Communications Director and [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign]] manager [[Anita Dunn]] was a great admirer of Chairman Mao and was deeply inspired by [[Maoist Thought]].<ref>https://legalinsurrection.com/2019/04/back-to-the-future-biden-hires-anita-dunn-former-obama-adviser-who-praised-mao/</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qDsrfy-Zvg Video of Obama Communications Director Claiming Mao One of Her Favorite Political Philosophers'] Video, YouTube. Retrieved October 29, 2009.</ref>]]
In August 1966 all schools were closed. During this time Mao told the Red Guards to question things that traditionally had great value and importance, and question the activities of government officials by slighting them in a way that was visible to all. The party itself was also purged:
{{quotebox-float|The "investigations" inside the government administration, carried out by policemen dressed as Red Guards, were massive and sometimes murderous: there were 1,200 executions in the purge of the Ministry for Security; 22,000 people were interrogated and many imprisoned during the investigation into Liu Shaoqi; 60 percent of the members of the Central Committee (which hardly ever met) and 75 percent of all provincial Party secretaries were expelled and usually also arrested. In all, for the whole period of the Cultural Revolution, between 3 million and 4 million of the 18 million cadres were imprisoned, as were 400,000 soldiers, despite the banning of Red Guards in the PLA. 197 Among the intellectuals, 142,000 teachers, 53,000 scientists and technicians, 500 teachers of medicine, and 2,600 artists and writers were persecuted, and many of them were killed or committed [[suicide]]. In [[Shanghai]], where intellectuals were especially numerous, it was officially estimated in 1978 that 10,000 people had died violent deaths as a result of the Cultural Revolution.<ref>''Black Book of Communism'', Pg, 524.</ref>}}

According to Prof. R. J. Rummel of the University of Hawaii, 7,731,000 people died in the Cultural Revolution.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rummel|first=R. J.|url=https://books.google.com/?id=iIEPoEL4lG0C&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=7,731,000+cultural+revolution#v=onepage&q=7,731,000%20cultural%20revolution&f=false|title=China's Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900|date=2011-12-31|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-1400-3|language=en}}</ref> Others place estimates as high as 20 million. Incidents of [[cannibalism]] were also reported. Massacres were mainly led by the local Communist Party branches, governmental agencies, the militia, and military.

It was no coincidence that the Red Guard violence began in 1966, seventeen years after the 1949 revolution; the first act after the 1949 revolution was to take control of the [[public education]] system and indoctrinate a generation with [[Cultural Marxism]] and to target anyone who opposed them as fascists. The Maoist Red Guard was a supposed "[[Antifa|Anti-fascist]]" movement.

===Deng and successors===
====Tiananmen Square massacre====

:{{See also|Tiananmen Square massacre}}
In the months prior to the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], pro-democracy movements worldwide flourished and socialism fell into disrepute. The CCP faced the challenge of large-scale protests in Beijing's [[Tiananmen Square]] and in more than 400 other cities between April 15, 1989, and June 4, 1989.
[[File:Tiananmen June 4 1989.gif|left|350px|thumb|APCs moving on students in Tiananmen Square, June 4, 1989.]]
After [[Zhao Ziyang]] became the party General Secretary, the economic and political reforms he had championed came under increasing attack. His proposal in May 1988 to accelerate price reform led to widespread popular complaints about rampant [[inflation]] and gave opponents of rapid reform the opening to call for greater centralization of economic controls and stricter prohibitions against Western influence. This precipitated a political debate, which grew more heated through the winter of 1988–89.

The death of [[Hu Yaobang]] on April 15, 1989, coupled with growing economic hardship caused by high inflation, provided the backdrop for a large-scale protest movement by students, intellectuals, government employees, [[journalist]]s, workers, [[police officer]]s, members of the armed forces, and other members of a disaffected urban population. University students and other citizens camped out in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to mourn Hu's death and to protest against those who would slow reform. Their protests, which grew despite government efforts to contain them, called for an end to official corruption and for the defense of freedoms guaranteed by the Chinese constitution. At least one million residents of Beijing were taking part in the protests.<ref>https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/one-million-protesters-take-to-the-streets-in-beijing</ref> Protests also spread to many other cities, including [[Shanghai]], [[Chengdu]], and [[Guangzhou]]. By late May, Tiananmen Square was overcrowded and beginning to face health and hygiene problems.

Disagreements about how to respond split the top Party leadership and forced out the Party General Secretary at the time, Zhao Ziyang. The decisions by Wang Zhen, Li Peng, and Paramount Leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] led them to conclude that the survival of their regime was at stake. Martial law was declared on May 20, 1989, and at least 30 divisions were mobilized. As many as 250,000 troops were eventually sent to the capital.
[[File:Tiananmen victims crushed by tank treads.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Human remains crushed by PLA armoured personnel carriers in Tiananmen Square, June 4, 1989.]]
The 27th Army of Shanxi Province, whose troops were described as 60 percent illiterate and primitives, was responsible for most of the atrocities at Tiananmen Square.<ref>https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB16/docs/doc18.pdf</ref> The 27th Army “snipers shot many civilians on balconies, street sweepers, etc for target practice” and used expanding dum-dum bullets. The 27th Army was chosen because its troops were considered “the most reliable and obedient”.

Late on June 3, 1989, and early on the morning of June 4, PLA units were brought into Beijing using automatic weapons, advancing in tanks, armored personnel carriers (APCs), and trucks from several directions toward Tiananmen Square. They used armed force to clear demonstrators from the streets.

At 4:30 am protesters, joined by some PLA members, were given one hour to leave the Square, however five minutes later the 27th Army's armored personnel carriers opened fire before running the crowd over at 65 kph [40 miles per hour]. “Students linked arms but were mown down. APCs then ran over the bodies time and time again to make, quote ‘pie’ unquote. Their remains were collected by bulldozer later that morning, incinerated, and then hosed down drains.

The 27th Army was ordered to spare no one. Wounded girl students begged for their lives but were bayoneted. A three-year-old girl was injured, but her mother was shot as she went to her aid, as were six others.

1,000 survivors were told they could escape but were then mown down from specially prepared machine gun positions.

Army ambulances, who attempted to give aid, were shot up, as was a Sino-Japanese hospital ambulance. With the medical crew dead, the wounded driver attempted to ram attackers but was blown to pieces by an anti-tank weapon.

In another incident, the troops shot one of their own officers. “27 Army officer shot dead by own troops, apparently because he faltered. Troops explained they would be shot if they hadn’t shot the officer.”

The true scale of the murders went unreported in Western media for nearly 30 years,<ref>https://archive.is/6nzNI#selection-2459.16-2479.159</ref> as globalists negotiated trade agreements and welcomed the [[PRC]] into the World Trade Organization. Western sources, including [[Wikipedia]], toe the Chinese Communist Party line on many events and details, including casualty statistics.

In an object lesson about the duplicity of socialist slogans, buzzwords, and phrases geared toward seducing the youth and the naive - China's People's Army killed 10,000 of China's own people.<ref>"[https://dailycaller.com/2017/12/24/chinese-killed-at-least-10000-at-tiananmen-square-newly-declassified-documents-claim/ Chinese Killed At Least 10,000 At Tiananmen Square, Newly Declassified Documents Claim]", ''Daily Caller'', 12/24/2017.</ref> In fact, China's People's Army has killed more of China's own people than any foreign enemy in its entire history.

After June 4, while foreign governments expressed horror at the brutal suppression of the demonstrators, the central government eliminated remaining sources of organized opposition, detained large numbers of protesters, and required political reeducation not only for students but also for large numbers of party cadre and government officials.

====Most favored nation status====

In the 1990s the issue of Most Favored Nation trade status for China was pushed by the CCP, globalists and agribusiness interests, but strongly opposed by religious and human rights groups. [[Bill Clinton]]'s policy, which began with a 1993 executive order to make MFN status conditional on Chinese human rights and political reforms, changed as [[lobbyist]]s pushed a trade relationship with the CCP and forced the issue to be separated from the CCP's human rights abuses.

As the [[Chinagate]] scandal progressed, Bill Clinton adjusted his China policy in 1996 and advocated dialogue and engagement; this led to a change in relations. But Washington continued to criticize China on the issues of [[Hong Kong]], human rights, trade, arms sales, [[Taiwan]], and questionable political donations to US election campaigns. Clinton welcomed the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and [[Butcher of Tiananmen Square]] [[Jiang Zemin]]'s to the White House. The major factors affecting the relationship include the enduring impact of the 1989 Tiananmen massacre when the Communist Party crushed a peaceful democratic movement with the army; the negative coverage of the CCP's human rights abuses by American media, American psychological insecurity caused by the rise of Communist China, and US domestic politics grappling with a thirst for cheap Chinese manufactured goods while American factories shut down and jobs loss to China.
[[File:Concrete-in-china-info.png|left|220px|thumb|In the 3 years from 2011 to 2014, China used more cement than the US did in the entire 20th century.]]
China's "economic miracle" since it was granted Most Favored Nation status by the U.S. Congress in 2002, and access to the U.S. consumer market, led to unprecedented economic growth and better living conditions for millions of Chinese. It also strengthened the grip of the anti-democratic Chinese Communist Party over people's everyday lives, and the loss of manufacturing jobs for consumer products in the United States.

As China grew in power, it also became increasingly aggressive on the international stage.<ref>Scaliger, Charles (February 19, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/31388-china-s-new-aggression-on-the-world-stage China’s New Aggression on the World Stage]. ''The New American''. Retrieved February 19, 2019. See also:
*Blanchard, Ben (September 24, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-anniversary-timeline/timeline-seven-decades-of-communist-china-idUSKBN1WA03Z Timeline: Seven decades of Communist China]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
*Newman, Alex (September 25, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/is-trump-really-to-blame-for-chinas-rise-at-the-un-as-media-claim_3094695.html China’s Subversion of the United Nations]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 26, 2019.</ref> The CCP increased control over the country and economy,<ref>Multiple references:
*Byas, Steve (March 7, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/31676-chinese-communists-tighten-grip-as-70th-anniversary-nears Chinese Communists Tighten Grip as 70th Anniversary Nears]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
*Li, Olivia (March 6, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-cracks-down-on-private-enterprises_2825959.html China Cracks Down on Private Enterprises]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
See also:
*Blanchard, Ben (March 7, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-parliament-politics/in-sensitive-year-for-china-warnings-against-erroneous-thoughts-idUSKCN1QO0X0 In a sensitive year for China, warnings against 'erroneous thoughts']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
*Timm, Leo; Hao, Nicole (December 24, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/year-in-review-for-communist-china-the-worst-is-yet-to-come_3180253.html Year in Review: For Communist China, the Worst Is Yet to Come]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
*Adelmann, Bob (December 30, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/34476-china-facing-massive-headwinds-in-2020 China Facing Massive Headwinds in 2020]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 30, 2019.</ref> and foreign companies worked to appease the Chinese government.<ref>Lowe, Tiana (August 15, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/woke-capitalism-cowers-to-china Woke capitalism cowers to China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 26, 2019. See also:
*Kraychik, Robert (October 14, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2019/10/14/rob-spalding-china-silenced-its-critics-buying-off-americas-elites/ Rob Spalding: China Silenced Its Critics by Buying Off America’s Elites]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
*Virgil (October 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/10/20/virgil-five-takeaways-from-capitalisms-kowtow-to-china/ Virgil: Five Takeaways from Capitalism’s Kowtow to China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 21, 2019.</ref> China uses about half of the world's steel and cement/concrete. In the 3 years from 2011 to 2014, China used 6.6 gigatons of cement, which is more than the US did in the entire 20th century.<ref>https://www.gatesnotes.com/About-Bill-Gates/Concrete-in-China</ref> China also worked to isolate Taiwan diplomatically.<ref>Schmitt, Gary (September 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/463290-china-is-quietly-winning-the-diplomatic-war-with-taiwan China is quietly winning the diplomatic war with Taiwan]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 26, 2019.</ref> China became the dominant trading partner of a large majority of the world's countries, overtaking the U.S.<ref>[https://twitter.com/MhaskarChief/status/1198862204876931072 Zeeshan Mhaskar]. ''Twitter''. November 24, 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2019. See also:
*Akan, Emel (January 6, 2020). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/chinas-rise-had-a-negative-impact-on-global-innovation-say-experts_3195603.html China’s Rise Has Had Negative Impact on Global Innovation, Experts Say]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 6, 2020.</ref> Under [[Xi Jinping]], China regressed back to [[Mao]]'s [[totalitarianism]].<ref>Adelmann, Bob (December 30, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/34470-china-s-xi-jinping-is-now-the-people-s-leader China’s Xi Jinping Is Now the “People’s Leader”]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 30, 2019.</ref>

By 2017, the imposition of [[tariff]]s by U.S. President [[Donald J. Trump]] began to redress the imbalance. China's economy was developed over those early decades of the 21st century as a coastal, manufacturing economy entirely dependent on exports. Young people left their home villages in the countryside to seek work in coastal factories. The prosperity was all built on access to the U.S. consumer market, and Americans' appetite for cheap manufactured goods. Scant attention was paid to developing a domestic service sector economy, while the vast interior remained impoverished, and increasingly so as young people abandoned rural agricultural work for urban factory work.

[[Tariff]]s on Chinese imports stemmed the [[capital]] outflow from the U.S. to China, sparked creation of manufacturing and service sector jobs in the U.S., and slowed the Chinese [[military]] build-up which previously was being funded by American [[consumer]]s.<ref>[https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2018/06/trade_deficits_paying_for_china_military_buildup.html]</ref>

====SARS-CoVid-1====
:{{See also|SARS-CoVid-1}}
Supposedly the 2003 SARS epidemic struck suddenly and there was no time to prepare. In reality, the first cases happened in Guangdong province in late November 2002. Chinese officials didn't inform the World Health Organization about SARS until February 2003. When it started to spread to other regions of China, the CCP covered that up. Eventually, SARS was reported to have killed just under eight hundred people in China, but in reality there may have been several thousand more.

Dr. Jiang Yanyong in April 2003 wrote a letter exposing the true number of SARS patients in Beijing, which was several times higher than the official number. His letter was publicized by Western media. The party was forced to respond. They fired several Beijing officials and
put Dr. Jiang under [[surveillance]]. The Communist Party has never admitted there was a SARS cover-up. But afterward, the Chinese Communist Party did create what was supposed to be a fail-safe system to track contagions. It failed.

The system put in place focused on having doctors across China put patient data into a centralized database. This way central authorities could monitor if there are any new outbreaks. It is supposed to work in theory. In July 2019, eight thousand Chinese health officials conducted a massive online drill focusing on how to handle an infectious disease outbreak. In the style of the 2002 SARS outbreak, the officials raced to test how quickly and effectively they could track, identify, and contain the virus, including by notifying Beijing. It worked in the simulation. But in Th December 2019 Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 outbreak it did not work in reality because the Chinese Communist Party's political apparatus makes it impossible for even the best design system to function properly.

===Xi era===
====Belt and Road Initiative====
:{{Main article|Belt and Road Initiative}}
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a massive global investment strategy launched by the CCP in 2013 aimed at bolstering its economic and political influence across [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[Africa]], and [[South America]]. The project involves investments in infrastructure and natural resource projects in countries. Chinese officials are quite open that the BRI is aimed at creating a Eurasia-wide Chinese-led bloc to counter the United States. It has been criticized by the U.S. and other countries as an example of “debt trap” diplomacy, that saddles developing countries with unsustainable debt burdens while allowing the regime to expand governance abroad.

China has been looking to construct a 120-kilometer mega canal cutting through the Isthmus of Kra, the narrowest part of the Malay Peninsula in [[Thailand]]. This will open the [[South China Sea]] to the [[Indian Ocean]], bypassing the Strait of Malacca. What China is eyeing is a canal project in Thailand called the Kra Canal and the Thai leadership seems to be on board. Through this canal, China is trying to reduce dependence on the Strait of Malacca. Currently 80 percent of China's oil imports pass through the South China Sea.

The Strait of Malacca is a key reason why China has not been able to grow too powerful. Democratic and powers such as India, Australia, and other Southeast Asian nations are well-positioned to cut off Chinese supply lines in the event of a major military confrontation by creating a blockade around the Strait of Malacca. China wants to ensure that its commercial and naval vessels find an alternate route that altogether avoids the Malacca choke point while traveling between the Indian and [[Pacific Ocean]]s. This is an overhang of the maritime portion of Xi Jinping's Belt and Road initiative that seeks to connect Southeast Asia with the [[Middle East]] and [[Europe]].

====Bohai Harvest RST====
[[File:Bohai Harvest Rosemont.jpeg|right|350px|THUMB]]
:{{See also|Biden family corruption timeline}}
Bohai Harvest RST (BHR) was created and funded by two Chinese investment funds, owned by the Bank of China (Bohai Capital and Harvest Global). As described in their marketing presentation: “BHR is held in high regard by Chinese government bodies and SOEs [state-owned enterprises] at all levels.” BHR's founding shareholders were: Rosemont Seneca Thornton LLC, Bohai Capital, Angju Investment Consulting (Shanghai) Co Ltd (昂驹投资咨询（上海）有限公司) Angju Investment owned by Li Xiangsheng (李祥生 also known as Jonathan Li), and Shanghai Ample Harvest Financial Services Co Ltd (上海丰实金融服务有限公司). The third and fourth Chinese characters in BHR's Chinese name represent China (华) and America (美) respectively, indicating that the business is likely viewed by the Chinese SOE shareholders (and the Chinese government) as a country-level business partnership.<ref>https://www.baldingsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KVBJHB.pdf</ref>

Bohai Capital is the private equity arm of Bank of China International Holdings Ltd (中銀國際控股有限公司) (BOCI) and China's first-ever RMB-denominated private equity fund approved by the State Council. BOCI is wholly owned by Bank of China Limited (中国银行股份有限公司 ) (BOC), one of China's big-four state banks, with state-level foreign exchange responsibilities. BOC was formerly part-owned by the Social Security Fund (SSF), and is now controlled by Central Huijin Investment (中央汇金投资有限责任公司), a Chinese government investment fund.

Rosemont Seneca Thornton (RST) was formed from a joint venture between Rosemont Seneca Partners and Thornton, an investment advisory firm headed by James Bulger, of the famous Boston family (son of William “Billy Bulger, the longest serving President of the Massachusetts Senate and the nephew of [[Whitey Bulger|James “Whitey” Bulger]], the infamous mobster who ran the Winter Hill Gang). Rosemont Seneca was formed in 2009 as a private equity and advisory firm that was co-founded by [[Hunter Biden]] and Christopher Heinz, of the Heinz ketchup fortune and step-son to long-time Democratic senator and later Secretary of State [[John Kerry]], along with their friend [[Devon Archer]], Chris Heinz's college roommate at [[Yale]]. The original anchor investor in Rosemont Seneca (which at one point claimed $2.4bn in assets under management) was Rosemont Capital, a Heinz family office alternative investment fund, named after Rosemont – the Heinz family estate outside [[Pittsburgh]]. During the most vibrant years of this partnership's international investment and “consulting” activity, it is important to note that [[Joe Biden]] was [[Vice President]] and John Kerry was [[Secretary of State]]. It was not coincidental that Rosemont Seneca's headquarters was in [[Washington, D.C.]] as opposed to [[New York]] where most of its competitors maintained their offices given the investment professional labor pool in and around [[Wall Street]].

Bohai Harvest RST (Shanghai) Equity Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd. (BHR) was not a legitimate investment company in the classical sense, set up to make financial return on investment through legal means. The firm was set up as a tool for the CCPs global economic imperial ambitions, using the Biden name, and others in their orbit, to market Chinese mercantile domination.<ref>https://creativedestructionmedia.com/investigations/2020/10/31/joe-co-didnt-just-sell-out-america-they-sold-out-the-whole-free-world/</ref>

==Bibliography==
* Barnouin, Barbara, and Yu Changgen. ''Zhou Enlai: A Political Life'' (2005) [https://www.amazon.com/Zhou-Enlai-Political-Barbara-Barnouin/dp/9629962446/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200477281&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Becker, Jasper. ''Hungry Ghosts: China's Secret Famine'' (1996), on the "Great Leap Forward" of 1950s
* Chang, Jung and Jon Halliday. ''Mao: The Unknown Story,'' (2005), 814 pages, ISBN 0-679-42271-4
* Dietrich, Craig. ''People's China: A Brief History,'' 3d ed. (1997), 398pp [https://www.amazon.com/Peoples-China-History-Craig-Dietrich/dp/0195106288/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197238522&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Dittmer, Lowell. ''China's Continuous Revolution: The Post-Liberation Epoch, 1949-1981'' (1989) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft3q2nb24q/?&query=&brand=ucpress online free]
* Eberharad, Wolfram. ''A History of China'' (2005), 380 pages' [https://books.google.com/books?id=5LgjunIn1CEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:history+intitle:china&num=30&as_brr=1&sig=k1CgHXYb6jQ6BgdwVpUWngov7So full text online free]
* Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, and Kwang-ching Liu. ''The Cambridge Illustrated History of China'' (1999) 352 pages [https://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Illustrated-History-China-Histories/dp/052166991X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346890&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Esherick, Joseph W.; Pickowicz, Paul G.; and Walder, Andrew G., eds. ''The Chinese Cultural Revolution as History.'' (2006). 382 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Cultural-Revolution-Shorenstein-Asia-Pacific-Research/dp/0804753504/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197221379&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Fairbank, John King and Goldman, Merle. ''China: A New History.'' 2nd ed. Harvard U. Press, (2006). 640 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/China-New-History-Second-Enlarged/dp/0674018281/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346975&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hsü, Immanuel Chung-yueh. ''The Rise of Modern China,'' 6th ed. (1999), highly detailed coverage of 1644–1999, in 1136pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Rise-Modern-China-Immanuel-Hsu/dp/0195125045/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197238178&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Jian, Guo; Song, Yongyi; and Zhou, Yuan. ''Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution.'' (2006). 433 pp.
* MacFarquhar, Roderick and Fairbank, John K., eds. ''The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 15: The People's Republic, Part 2: Revolutions within the Chinese Revolution, 1966-1982.'' Cambridge U. Press, 1992. 1108 pp.
* Meisner, Maurice. ''Mao's China and After: A History of the People’s Republic,'' 3rd ed. (Free Press, 1999), dense book with theoretical and political science approach. [https://www.amazon.com/Maos-China-After-History-Republic/dp/0684856352/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197238473&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Perkins, Dorothy. ''Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture.'' Facts on File, 1999. 662 pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-China-Essential-Reference-History/dp/0816043744/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197346428&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Shuyun, Sun. ''The Long March: The True History of Communist China's Founding Myth'' (2007)
* Schoppa, R. Keith. ''The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History.'' (2000). 356 pp. [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-columbia-guide-to-modern-chinese-history-by-r-keith-schoppa.jsp online edition from [[Questia]]]
* Spence, Jonatham. ''Mao Zedong'' (1999) [https://www.amazon.com/Mao-Zedong-Penguin-Life-Lives/dp/0670886696/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200477500&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Spence, Jonathan D. ''The Search for Modern China'' (1991), 876pp; well written survey from 1644 to 1980s [https://www.amazon.com/Search-Modern-China-Jonathan-Spence/dp/0393307808/ref=pd_sim_b_title_2 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.questia.com/read/98946348 complete edition online at [[Questia]]]
* Wang, Ke-wen, ed. ''Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism.'' (1998). 442 pp.
* Westad, Odd Arne. ''Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950. '' (2003). 413 pp. the standard history

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://ninecommentaries.com/ Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party], a historical critique of the CCP from the editorial board of ''The Epoch Times'', (2005)
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6733045.stm 'Slaves' rescued from China firm], By Michael Bristow ''BBC News'', Beijing, Jun 8, 2007.
*[https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1346.html The Emergence of Peer Competitors], [[Rand Corporation]], 2001. "This report addresses the issue by developing a conceptual framework of how a proto-peer (meaning a state that is not yet a peer but has the potential to become one) might interact with the hegemon (the dominant global power)." Review the failed "CONSTRAIN STRATEGY" modeled from the [[British Empire]] after 1890 tucking itself under the wing of a growing hegemon, the United States, in hopes of developing an ally for the future.
*[https://www.defensenews.com/opinion/commentary/2020/09/17/if-china-loses-a-future-war-entropy-could-be-imminent/ If China loses a future war, entropy could be imminent], Dr. Jan Kallberg, ''DefenseNews'', September 17, 2020.
*[https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6779094-PRC-Think-Tank-Study-on-US-Governors-Attitudes.html PRC Think Tank Study on US Governors Attitudes Toward China June 22 2019]
*[https://youtu.be/bVDi-Tt7Z68 CCP underground factories falsified blank American election ballots.]
{{Communism}}
{{Globalism}}
{{Coronavirus}}
{{Liberalism}}
[[Category:China]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:Communist Political Parties]]
[[Category:Chinese Politics]]
[[Category:Chinese History]]
[[Category:Coronavirus]]
[[Category:Left-wing Nationalism]]
[[Category:Government incompetence]]
[[Category:Perpetrators of Cancel Culture]]
[[Category:1920s]]
[[Category:1930s]]
[[Category:1940s]]
[[Category:1950s]]
[[Category:1960s]]
[[Category:1970s]]
[[Category:1980s]]
[[Category:1990s]]
[[Category:2000s]]
[[Category:2010s]]
[[Category:2020s]]
[[Category:Pro-Surveillance]]
[[Category:Anti-Christianity]]

Moon

2026-09-24T20:39:03Z

BerniMento: Clarified the relation of the speed of the moon and the basis for our monthly calendar. Every moon in the solar system is tidally locked. Atheistic science isn't a term, it's just "science"

{{Planet|image=Moon2.jpg
|caption= The Moon in its third-quarter phase
|primary=Earth
|periapsis=363,300 km<ref name=moonfact>Williams, David R. (bef. March 7, 1996). [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html "Moon Fact Sheet"]. [[NASA]] website/Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive/Lunar and Planetary Science/Planetary Fact Sheet. January 2020 edition.</ref>
|apoapsis=405,500 km<ref name=moonfact/>
|semimajor=384,400 km<ref name=moonfact/><ref name=ssdorbit>Chamberlin, Alan B. (1996). [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem "Planetary satellite mean orbital parameters"]. [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA]] website/California Institute of Technology/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]/Solar System Dynamics. July 17, 2020 edition.</ref>
|orbitradius=378,000 km
|eccentricity=0.0549<ref name=moonfact/><ref name=ssdorbit/>
|sidereal=27.3217 da
|synodic=29.530588 da
|orbitspeed=1.023 km/s
|inclination=18.28°<ref name=moonfact/>
|siderealday=27.3217 da<ref name=moonfact/><ref name=ssdorbit/>
|solarday=29.530588 da
|mass=7.35 * 1022 (1.23% earth)<ref name=moonfact/>
|density=3350 kg/m³<ref name=ssdphys>Chamberlin, Alan B. (1996). [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par "Planetary satellite physical parameters"]. [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA]] website/California Institute of Technology/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]/Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. February 19, 2015 edition.</ref>
|surfacegrav=1.62 m/s² (0.165 ''g'')<ref name=moonfact/>
|escapespeed=2.38 km/s<ref name=moonfact/>
|meanradius=1737.1 km<ref name=moonfact/><ref name=ssdphys/>
|equatorradius =1738.1 km<ref name=moonfact/>
|polarradius =1736.0 km<ref name=moonfact/>
|surfacearea=37,919,000 km² (7.434% earth)
|mintemp=100 K
|meantemp=250 K
|maxtemp=400 K
|albedo=0.12<ref name=moonfact/>
|pmdm=1.3 * 1015 N-m/T<ref name=Humphreys>Humphreys, D. R. (December 1984). [https://crs-alchemy-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/pdf/crsq-1984-volume-21-number-3.pdf "The creation of planetary magnetic fields".] ''Creation Research Society Quarterly'' (St. Joseph, MO: Creation Research Society), vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 140-9.</ref>
|cmdm=1.73 * 1022 N-m/T<ref name=Humphreys/>
|mdt=364 a<ref name=Humphreys/>
|mhl=252.3 a<ref name=calc group=note>Calculated</ref>
}}
A '''moon''' is a body of mass which orbits a [[planet]]. A moon can also orbit another moon, creating a [[moon moon]] - this is theoretically repeatable, but anything past a moon moon is likely in an unstable orbit. The [[Earth]]'s Moon (sometimes known as "Luna") is a natural [[satellite]] orbiting Earth at an average distance of about 238,000 miles (380,000 km), The orbital speed of the moon, combining with the reflection of sunlight creates what we know as "phases of the moon". This in turn is the basis for our monthly calendar: a full/new moon occurs roughly once per month.<ref>https://answersingenesis.org/astronomy/the-splendor-of-gods-creation/</ref>

Our Moon is unique in the solar system in its large relative size compared with the [[Earth]]. The Moon appears from the Earth to be the same size as the [[sun]], in perfect artistic symmetry, unlike any known other planet-moon system. Moreover, unlike most planets in the [[solar system]], [[Earth]] has only one moon, which is designed in three remarkable ways: (1) it rotates and revolves such that only one side is ever visible to the Earth (a common characteristic seen in every single moon in the solar system<ref>https://science.nasa.gov/moon/tidal-locking/</ref>) (2) it is moving away at such a slow rate, it will not noticeably shrink in our sky for thousands of years, (3) its side that faces the Earth is smooth, while the side that remains hidden is jagged. To those on [[Earth]], the Moon appears as an artistic disc that goes through phases of varying visibility from Earth.

'''''The [[Bible]] states that the Moon was created separately on Day Four along with the Sun and stars, while [[science]] has no theory for the Moon's origin that is supported by any real evidence'''''.

==The Moon as God's creation==

The Earth's moon has the following remarkable characteristics:

===Size of its disc===

The Moon is just far enough away from the Earth to appear at the same size as the Sun. This creates a unique symmetry and phenomenal [[solar eclipse]]s.
In precise terms, the ratio of the apparent diameter of the Moon to that of the Sun is on average 0.97<ref name="creationresearch.org">Faulkner, Danny R. (June 1998). [https://crs-alchemy-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/pdf/crsq-1998-volume-35-number-1.pdf "The angular size of the moon and other planetary satellites: An argument for design".] ''Creation Research Society Quarterly'' (St. Joseph, MO: Creation Research Society), vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 23-6.</ref> with a variation (due almost entirely to the [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of the Moon's orbit) of roughly ±0.05.<ref>Walker, John (May 1997). [http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/moon_ap_per.html "Inconstant moon: the moon at apogee and perigee"]. Fourmilab Switzerland website.</ref>

Of the known satellites in the [[Solar System]], only three others exhibit the phenomenon of being close in apparent size to the Sun when viewed from their parent planet. These are [[Saturn]]'s moons Prometheus and Epimetheus (with average diameter ratios of 1.03 and 0.95) and [[Uranus]]'s Cordelia (1.08).<ref name="creationresearch.org"/> Given the figure of approximately 170 known planetary satellites in the Solar System (though the figure regularly increases with new discoveries), this gives as an [[Probability|empirical probability]] for the phenomenon of 4/170 or 2.4%, which is consistent with the theoretical figure.

It should be noted, however, that by virtue of the planets' distance from the Sun, these eclipses would appear very small in the sky, and would be nothing as spectacular as a total solar eclipse on Earth.

===Rotation and revolution===

The Moon presents the same side to Earth at all times. That means that the rotation of the Earth offsets the separate effects of the lunar revolution. Physical explanations rely on [[tidal locking]], asserting that tidal forces on Earth caused a bulge on the Moon, thereby creating a drag on the rotation of the Moon until the same side always faced the Earth.<ref group=note>The same theory suggested that the planet [[Mercury]] had a similar locked rotation due to gravitational forces from the sun, such that the same side of Mercury always faces the sun. In fact, that is false. [[Mercury]]'s tidal locking is incomplete and it does not always present the same face to the sun.</ref> In fact, current tidal forces exerted by the Earth on the Moon cannot account fully for its bulge or egg shape.<ref>"[http://physics.fortlewis.edu/Astronomy/astronomy%20today/CHAISSON/AT308/HTML/AT30803.HTM Chapter 8, Section 3: The Rotation of the Moon]," "Astronomy Today", Department of Physics, Fort Lewis College, Durango, [[Colorado|CO]]. Accessed February 18, 2008</ref>

===Lunar origin theories===

The current scientific consensus is that the Moon originated from a collision early in Earth's history which created an orbiting ring of debris from the [[iron]]-poor surface of the planet which eventually coalesced into the moon.<ref>http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=2198</ref>

Biblical history records the Moon being created on the fourth day of [[creation week]], along with the Sun:

{{Bible quote|And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: [he made] the stars also. And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that [it was] good. And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.|book=Genesis|chap=1|verses=14-19|version=KJV}}

===Rate of recession===

The Moon currently recedes from the Earth at a rate of 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) per year<ref>NASA [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEhelp/ApolloLaser.html Measuring the Moon's Distance], ''LPI Bulletin'', No. 72, August 1994.</ref> and is believed by [[atheist]]ic scientists to be 4.6 billion years old,<ref>NASA, [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-350/ch-15-2.html Apollo Expeditions to the Moon], Chapter 15.2.</ref>. Due to the pull of gravity slowing down the moon over time, an extrapolation backward in time would be very complicated using its observed rate of recession. Here is an attempt I found: <ref>https://www.desmos.com/calculator/oe8sunfxnm</ref>.

The Moon could never have been closer than about 11,000 miles, or it would have been broken up by tidal forces, supporting that it only formed one distinct mass outside of that region.<ref name="js">Sarfati, Jonathan (September 1998). [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/764/ "The moon: the light that rules the night".] ''Creation Ex Nihilo'' (Brisbane, QL, Australia: Answers in Genesis), vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 36–9. Reprinted at Creation.com website.</ref> If the rate of recession stayed constant at 3.8 cm per year, it would take 9.6 billion years for the lunar distance to migrate from 11,000 miles to the present distance of about 240,000 miles. However, a further principle would be needed to show the rate of recession would have been constant over the hypothetical 9.6-billion-year period.

===Impact craters===
Astronomers assume that crater impacts are a reliable indicator of the age of a celestial body. True to the form and principles of [[uniformitarianism]] (as applied to [[astronomy]] rather than to [[geology]]), any such estimation relies upon uniform constants and weather/erosion trends. Recent research into crater impacts on the moon suggests that many of the assumptions previously made are unwarranted. Bonnie Buratti of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has asserted that space weathering "takes place very rapidly on the Moon."<ref>David, Leonard. "[http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/lunar_impact_021214.html Lunar Crash of 1953: Impact Crater Identified]." <http://www.space.com>, December 14, 2002. Accessed January 16, 2008.</ref> Peter Brown of the University of Western Ontario insists that there are no absolute criteria for the dating of craters.<ref>Hecht, Jeff. "[http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3242 New crater revives Moon mystery]." <http://www.newscientist.com>, January 11, 2003. Accessed January 16, 2008.</ref>

===Creationist models===
Danny Faulkner of the [[Institute for Creation Research]] has observed that many of the lunar maria contain ''ghost craters'', or craters that the lava flow that produced the maria seems to have filled only partially. In the [[deep time]] scale required by [[uniformitarianism]], the ghost craters are the result of impacts that occurred as much as half a gigayear before the crust-fracturing impacts that caused the lava flows.<ref name=Henderson>Henderson, Thomas H. "[http://www.hal-pc.org/~tom/HeavyCratering.html Do heavily cratered planets and moons demand an old age for the solar system]?" ''Tom Henderson's Creation Resources'', July 25, 2003. Accessed March 25, 2008.</ref> This is not a reasonable assumption, because any impact strong enough to crack the crust should have obliterated any craters previously extant. Faulkner thus concludes that the impacts that formed the ghost craters, and those that let loose the lava flows that formed the maria, occurred within days of one another<ref name=Faulkner1>Faulkner, Danny. "[https://www.icr.org/research/index/researchp_df_r01/ The Current State of Creation Astronomy]." ''Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Creationism,'' Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, pp. 201–216, August 3–8, 1998. Hosted at ''[[Institute for Creation Research]].'' Accessed March 25, 2008.</ref> and were probably part of at least one system-wide catastrophe involving a narrow stream of meteoroids and/or comets that delivered a concentrated bombardment of the Earth and Moon in a short interval.<ref name=Faulkner2>Faulkner, Danny. "[http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/1637 A Biblically-based cratering theory]." ''Technical Journal'' (now ''Journal of Creation''), 13(1):100-104, April 1999.</ref>

Faulkner assumes that this system-wide catastrophe occurred during the year of the [[Great Flood]]. But in 1984, Russell Humphreys, then at the Sandia National Laboratories, developed evidence suggesting different dates entirely. Specifically, the [[Project Apollo]] exploration teams brought back many samples of [[basalt]] (an [[igneous rock]]) and [[brecchia]] (pulverized meteor-impact remains). Geologists analyzed both types of samples and found evidence that each type of rock had once been in a magnetic field far more powerful than that which the Moon has today. Using his model for the creation and decay of magnetic fields,<ref name=Humphreys/> Humphreys determined that the basalt had been laid down about 370 years after creation, and the breccia had been laid down 1840 years after creation, or about 190 years after the Flood.<ref name=Humphreys2 group=note>Humphreys reasoned that the higher the magnetic dipole moment of the samples, the earlier in lunar history they were formed.</ref> These findings clearly suggest that the Moon, and presumably all other bodies in the solar system, have been subject to two separate system-wide bombardments, one occurring in the second or third generation after the [[fall of man]] and the other occurring well after the Flood.

==Tides==

The gravitational force of the Moon causes the ocean [[tides]]; these tidal forces have other effects as well. These tidal forces have the effect of creating resistance which slows down the rotation of both objects. In the case of the Earth, the result is that the Earth's rotation slows on the order of one millisecond per century. The Moon's rotation is locked into its period of revolution, and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth.

==The "dark" or far side==

The phrase "the ''dark'' side of the Moon" is inaccurate because the Moon does rotate relative to the Sun, with the same period as its period of revolution, once every 29 days. Our view of the Moon from the Earth always shows the same side of the Moon, with the same markings and features. When the Moon is full, the entire side that faces us is experiencing lunar "day" and is lit by the Sun. Two weeks later, when the Moon is new, the side that faces us is experiencing solar "night" and is unlit (and virtually invisible).

The far side of the moon is far more heavily cratered than the near, and the predominant type of cratering is consistent with breccia-forming meteor impact. This would suggest that the far side suffered its bombardment in the latter of the two catastrophes that Humphreys suggests that the Moon has suffered.

Due to a slight "wobble" in the lunar motion called ''libration,'' we actually see a little bit more than half of the Moon's surface; sometimes it is turned a bit one way and sometimes the other. However, nobody had any idea of what the far side of the Moon looked like until 1959, when a Soviet satellite photographed it and relayed pictures back.
==Earthshine==
[[image:oldmooninnew.jpg|200px|right|thumb|The "old Moon in the new Moon's arms"]]
In the old Scottish ballad ''Sir Patrick Spens'',<ref>Child, Francis James (1860), ''The English and Scottish Popular Ballads,'' [http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/child/ch058.htm No. 58]; the ballad is thought to refer to an actual event of the year A.D. 1290.</ref> a [[sailor]] cautions:

:"I saw the new moon late yestreen
::With the old moon in her arm;
:And if we go to sea, master,
::I fear we'll come to harm."

The effect known as "the old Moon in the new Moon's arms" can often be seen when the Moon is a narrow [[crescent]]. Within the intensely bright crescent, a dim and mysterious view of the entire circular moon is seen. The effect is also known as ''earthshine'' because it is light from the Sun reflected off the Earth to the Moon and back that lights up the darker portion of the Moon. The bright crescent is lit by the Sun and is in full daylight. The rest of the Moon is not lit by the Sun; but an [[astronaut]] standing in this area would see a "full Earth" dominating the nighttime sky, lighting it up by its earthshine. The brightness of Earthshine, and hence the visibility of the old Moon in the new Moon's arms, varies. When the Earth is covered with clouds, or when there is a lot of snow-pack on the side of the Earth facing the Moon, the Earth is white and bright and the Earthshine is intense. When the Earth looks like a "big, blue marble," it is less intense.

==Lunar calendars==

Throughout history, many calendar systems have been based on the phases of the moon.

The months of the [[Islam|Muslim]] [[calendar]] are determined by observations of the [[hilal]], the moment at which the thin crescent moon first becomes visible. This marks the start of a month. Traditionally, and today in [[Pakistan]] and [[Jordan]], hilal is determined by actual observation and can be affected by weather and other factors. When following the traditional method, it is not actually possible to be certain precisely when future months will begin. In most Muslim countries, actual observation has been replaced by [[astronomy|astronomical]] rules.

== Magnetism Mystery ==

Rocks on the Moon are magnetized, yet there is no magnetic field there today. In one new proposal, researchers at the University of California have suggested that the moon's solid-rock middle layer, called its mantle, stirs up its liquid iron core. The researchers believe this happens because the moon's core and its mantle rotate around slightly different axes, and the boundary between them is not quite spherical.

The strength of this stirring is determined by the angle between the core and the mantle, and the distance between the Earth and the moon, because the tidal forces from the Earth cause the moon's mantle to rotate differently than the core.

This model would explain why the moon no longer has a magnetic field. Since the angle between the mantle and the core has narrowed over time, while the distance between the moon and the Earth has widened, this has caused the tidal forces to decrease steadily. While these forces used to be enough to generate a dynamo inside the moon, they aren't anymore.
<ref>Moskowitz, Clara (2011). [https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2011/1109/Have-scientists-finally-solved-the-mystery-of-the-magnetic-moon "Have scientists finally solved the mystery of the magnetic moon?"] ''Christian Science Monitor'' website.</ref>

==The Moon in culture==

"The Old Moon in the New Moon's Arms" is the title of a poem by [[Ella Wheeler Wilcox]], in which she interprets the effect as the New Moon wishing that her lost love, the Old Moon, be in her arms one last time; Venus grants the wish, and:

:Swift thro' the vapors and the golden mist—
::The Full Moon's shadowy shape shone on the night,
:The New Moon reached out clasping arms and kissed
::Her phantom lover in the whole world's sight.

== Other moons ==
[[Image:Many_Moons.jpg|250px|left]]
While the Moon of Earth is the best-known satellite of any [[planet]], other planets in our solar system also have moons. Earth has the least number of moons (one), while [[Jupiter]] has sixty-two. The first extraterrestrial moons to be discovered were the four Galilean moons ([[Io]], [[Europa (moon)|Europa]], [[Ganymede]], and [[Callisto]]). Next to these, Earth's Moon is one of the largest, but Jupiter and [[Saturn]] have moons in orbit about them that might qualify as planets if they orbited the [[Sun]] instead.
{{clear}}
===Moons in our solar system===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Planet !! Number of moons !! Moon names
|-
| Earth || 1 || "Moon" or Luna
|-
| Mars || 2|| Deimos & Phobos
|-
| Jupiter || 79 ||
|-
| Saturn || 62 ||
|-
| Uranus || 27 ||
|-
| Neptune || 14 ||
|-
|Pluto (dwarf) || 5 || Charon, Nix & Hydra
|-
| Haumea (dwarf) || 2 ||Namaka & Hi'iaka
|-
|Eris || 1 || Dysnomia
|}
There are at least 182 natural moons known to exist in our solar system, counting those which are in the orbit of dwarf planets.<ref>Multiple references:
*https://windows2universe.org/our_solar_system/moons_table.html (Retrieved April 9, 2019)
*https://www.universetoday.com/15516/how-many-moons-are-in-the-solar-system/ (Retrieved April 9, 2019)
*https://space-facts.com/moons/ (Retrieved April 9, 2019)
*https://spacedictionary.org/moons/ (Retrieved April 9, 2019)</ref>

=== Sizes of moons ===
Most moons in the solar system are no larger than typical asteroids. They are of irregular shape, have light and variable surface gravities, and are often unstable in their orbits. [[Phobos]] and [[Deimos]], the moons of [[Mars]], fall into this category.

Earth's own moon is an example of a [[dwarf planet]]-sized moon. These moons are so large that their own self-gravity forces them to collapse into spheres or spheroids. Some of them, like [[Ganymede]] and [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], are larger even than the planet [[Mercury]]. Earth's moon was, of course, known to the ancients, but the remaining dwarf-planet-sized moons were generally the first to be discovered in orbit around any given primary. [[Galileo Galilei]] discovered the first four of these in orbit about [[Jupiter]] early in the seventeenth century; [[Christiaan Huygens]] then discovered Titan of [[Saturn]] later in that same century.

== Symbolic importance in Islam ==
The crescent moon is an internationally recognized symbol of [[Islam]]. It appears on the flags of several Islamic nations. It also forms part of the official emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.<ref>http://islam.about.com/od/history/a/crescent_moon.htm</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Origin of the Moon]]
== External links ==

*[http://www.solarviews.com/eng/terms.htm Glossary]
==Further reading==
* Donna Henes. ''The Moon Watcher's Companion: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Moon, and More'' (2004) [https://www.amazon.com/Moon-Watchers-Companion-Everything-Wanted/dp/1569244669/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241592218&sr=1-11 excerpt and text search]
* David Schrunk et al. ''The Moon: Resources, Future Development and Settlement'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Moon-Resources-Development-Settlement-Exploration/dp/0387360557/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241592379&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Seymour Simon, ''The Moon'' (2003) [https://www.amazon.com/Moon-Seymour-Simon/dp/0689835639/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241592218&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]

==Notes==
{{reflist1904|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Solarsystem}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Moon]]

User talk:BerniMento

2026-09-14T23:38:37Z

BerniMento:

Hello, what's this?

:Deleted it. Looking forward to your improving and creating new encyclopedic articles here.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 00:29, September 13, 2026 (EDT)
::Thanks!

Coase theorem

2026-09-10T21:35:33Z

BerniMento: Grammar edit

<center>''The Coase theorem proves that [[infinite]] happiness is available immediately to all, even at their bleakest moments.
 ''This theorem confirms the message of the [[miraculous catch of fish]], numerous [[parable]]s, and the primacy of the future over the past''.</center>

The '''Coase theorem''' is a logical truth about [[economics]] that is also immensely helpful in life. It gives primacy to the future over the past, and predicts the triumph of optimal outcomes. This reinforces the close proximity of happiness to those in anxiety or depression, by recognizing that present and future unlimited possibilities are available to all. This theorem debunks hype about wealth; it matters little who owns what, or what the past was. [[Infinity|Infinite]] healing is available to all to attain happiness or even [[paradise]] for the future.

The Coase theorem is a wonderful antidote for many forms of modern stress, from the [[stock market]] to personal setbacks. The theorem emphasizes the irrelevance of the limited past compared with the unlimited opportunities of the future.

This [[Nobel Prize]]-winning theorem confirms that everyone has an equal opportunity to accomplish good, regardless of property ownership, as demonstrated by the [[Bible]]. This insight relates directly to a full understanding of the [[Kingdom of God]] in the [[New Testament]].

In economic terms, the Coase theorem states that if property rights are well-defined and [[transaction costs]] (including costs of negotiating) are zero or negligible, then the most efficient economic activity will occur regardless of who initially owns the property rights. Negotiation and market transactions will ensure the optimal allocation of property. Simply put, '''''it means "build a better mousetrap, and the world will beat a path to your door,"'''''<ref>The phrase is attributed to [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], who [https://www.americanheritage.com/better-mousetrap said something similar].</ref> no matter who or where you are. This is similar to the [[Bible|biblical]] "cast your net on the other side of the boat" that garnered [[infinity|infinite]] wealth.<ref name="Net">''See, e.g.'', [[Luke 1-8 (Translated)#5:4|Luke 5:4-7]]; [[John 15-21 (Translated)#21:6|John 21:6-7]].</ref> This theorem also echoes the biblical exhortation, “No one who puts his hand to the plow and looks back is fit for the [[kingdom of God]].”<ref>Luke 9:62 ([[HCSB]]).</ref> ''See also'' the parable of the barren tree, Luke 13:9<ref>https://bible.knowing-jesus.com/Luke/13/9</ref>; John 15:2; Hebrews 6:7.

The past and present's entitlements are nearly irrelevant to future activity, confirming the admonition of [[Luke 9-16 (Translated)#9:62|Luke 9:62]] not to look back at the past. If a parcel of property is best used as a restaurant, a park, a library, or a school, it will eventually find that use no matter who owns it or what its prior uses were. The Coase theorem states that the property will adopt its most productive use immediately, in the absence of transaction costs. It confirms parables in the [[Bible]] about the hidden proximity of [[infinite]] happiness.<ref name="Net"/>

The Coase theorem is also a powerful antidote against the media, which falsely portrays some people as being more important than others. Under the Coase theorem, equal opportunity is available to all, and there is no greater influence based on title, position, or wealth. The Coase theorem is consistent with the concept of the "[[best of the public]]" and the prohibition in the [[U.S. Constitution]] against nobility.

This simple theorem, first published in a 1960 paper<ref>Ronald H. Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', 3 J. Law & Econ. 1 (1960)</ref> by [[Ronald Coase]] who won the Nobel Prize for Economics for this in 1991, has powerful implications for economics, law, politics, and even [[Christianity]]. This theorem reinforces teachings of [[Jesus]], such as the parable of the sprouting seed,<ref>[[Mark 1-8 (Translated)#4:26|Mark 4:26-29]].</ref> and supports [[conservative]] interpretations of the [[Chicago School of Economics]].<ref>The Coase theorem can also be considered the "[[invisible hand]]" on steroids.</ref>

The Coase theorem proves the availability of infinite opportunities to all who are productive. This is helpful in understanding paradoxical miracles and parables. For example, the [[Multiplication of the loaves]] is a straightforward example of supplies (food) becoming available to further the most productive activity (spreading the [[Gospel]]). The otherwise baffling [[Parable of the Vineyard Workers]], whereby workers who toil merely at the end of the day are paid as much as those who worked the full day, is logical under the Coase Theorem because the owner needed the work done and thus was willing to overpay some for it. The most productive use of capital in that parable was to "overpay" for the late-arriving workers.

'''''This theorem also illustrates the primacy of the future over the past'''''. Setbacks or windfalls are rarely as important as they first seem, because the Coase theorem teaches that optimal activity will occur regardless of who owns rights. The greatest [[chess]] player, Magnus Carlsen, is so good because he can "let go" of strategy and reevaluate options with every new board configuration during a game. '''''Lottery winners are almost never better off in the long run, and the Coase theorem predicts that paradoxical result'''''.

The implications in law are that the best a judge can do for the economy as a whole is to minimize transaction costs, such as bureaucracy. Court decisions that impose additional procedural obligations, such as ''[[Goldberg v. Kelly]]'' (1969), can only detract from overall wealth and efficient economic behavior. The Coase theorem implicitly holds that many of the legal attempts to improve the economy are illusory because there is no way to improve over the combination of clear legal entitlements and no government interference.

The implication in economics is that regulations that increase transaction costs are harmful, and the best that the government can do is to clarify property rights and lower transaction costs. Regulatory attempts to correct negative [[externalities]], which some consider to be a type of [[market failure]], will add inefficiencies if the regulations increase transaction costs.

The implications in politics are that, in a free society, it is almost irrelevant who has wealth and who does not with respect to economic activity. Useful or desired economic activity will occur regardless of who owns property or wealth. A list of the wealthiest individuals (Forbes 500) is meaningless, as wealth will flow to efficient activity regardless of who controls the money.

A basis for this theorem can be found in the [[Parable of the Talents]]. One's [[faith]] and pleasing of [[God]] does not depend how the talents are divided. The person given two talents pleases the master just as much as the person given five talents.

== Politics ==

The Coase theorem suggests that political trends occur regardless of elected officials, who mostly follow rather than lead. The [[liberal]] folly is to pretend that they can smear an elected official -- such as [[Donald Trump]] -- and thereby change the political direction of the country. Rather, the same level of political activity will result according to the Coase theorem no matter who the elected officials are.

== Future v. Past ==

The Coase theorem proves that the future governs the present, and the past has little or no significance. The assignment of rights or wealth, which is in the past, is virtually irrelevant to the productivity of activity today, which is dictated by future transactions. In this sense, the Coase theorem confirms a key aspect of [[Christianity]], a religion focused on the future far more than the past.

The Coase theorem embraces the concept of [[infinity]], by which the future has infinitely more opportunities and power than the past.

== Forgiveness ==

Lack of forgiveness (of others or one's self) is an enormous impediment to productivity, and to unlocking the potential provided by the Coase theorem, which assumes rational behavior by individuals without distortions caused by lack of forgiveness. Proper application of the Coase theorem to individuals promotes forgiveness and elimination of grudges.

== Excuses? ==

The Coase theorem has remarkable power in eliminating excuses for unproductive activity. Transaction costs are the only real obstacle to efficient, productive activity. Coining a famous saying, anyone of any means or background might invent a better mousetrap, and then the entire world will beat a path to his door. There is no real excuse for not realizing the full potential or opportunity, except perhaps transaction costs, and all should agree to reduce or eliminate those.

== Markov chain ==

The Coase theorem implicitly incorporates insights from the [[Markov chain]], recognizing that each new opportunity is not constrained by the past. Moreover, there are always unlimited new opportunities.

== Infinity and zero ==

The Coase theorem highlights the benefits of [[infinity]] and [[zero]], the insignificance of what lies in between. Under the Coase theorem, anyone can go from zero to infinity by taking an optimal approach. This reinforces the many [[parable]]s and examples in the [[New Testament]], such as the miraculous catch of fish described in {{bibleref|Luke|5|1-10}}.

== Aesop's Fables ==

Even [[Aesop's Fables]] sometimes illustrate the Coase theorem, such as ''The Fox and the Crow'', where the most productive use of the cheese occurs despite its ownership by the Crow.

==Court decisions==
To summarize Ronald Coase's paper ''The Problem of Social Cost'',<ref>Available online for $10 at this [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/466560 University of Chicago website]</ref> a judge should have regard for the total effect of his decision once people adapt to it. Professor Coase's famous paper<ref>Coase, R. October 1960 ''[http://www.sfu.ca/~allen/CoaseJLE1960.pdf The Problem of Social Cost.]'' Journal of Law and Economics</ref> observes that assigning a property right to one side in a dispute typically does not alter the economically efficient use of resources, as long as parties can easily bargain with each other.

Only one judge—and none on the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]—has ever cited the "Coase theorem" in a court opinion, and he did so only twice.<ref>A few additional judges have included in their opinions citations to law review articles that have the Coase theorem in their titles.</ref> The paucity of references to the insightful Coase theorem in legal decisions says more about the court system than it does about the brilliant theorem. Law schools generally either ignore the Coase theorem, or are outspokenly hostile to its truth.

Federal district judge Milton Shadur observed the following in a decision when he presided over a case as part of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit:<ref>''Coltman v. Commissioner'', 980 F.2d 1134, 1136-37 (7th Cir. 1992)</ref>
{{cquote|It provides a classic illustration of the Coase Theorem, which has earned Professor Ronald Coase a long-belated but much-deserved Nobel Prize: So long as the rule of law is known when parties act, the ultimate economic result is the same no matter which way the law has resolved the issue.}}
In general, however, [[liberal]]-leaning courts completely ignore the Coase theorem. It is cited in only 12 (out of millions) of court decisions by the federal and state judiciaries, and most of those citations are without discussion of it and merely to articles that contain it in their titles.

== Pareto Optimal ==

The most efficient allocation of resources is referred to by economists as "[[Pareto optimal]]." When resource allocation is Pareto optimal, then no one can improve his position without making someone else worse off. Italian engineer and philosopher Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923) is the namesake for the term.<ref>http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Vilfredo_Pareto</ref>

The Coase Theorem states that Pareto optimality, or Pareto efficiency, occurs regardless of who owns the property rights.

== Corollary ==

A corollary is the [[Widow's Mite]] at {{bibleref|Mark|12|41–44}} and {{bibleref|Luke|21|1–4}}, whereby maximum effort by a widow in contributing at a particular time is considered to count for more than larger contributions from excess funds by others.

== References ==
<references/>
{{Greatest Thinkers}}
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:Infinity]]

Republican form of government

2026-09-10T21:32:28Z

BerniMento: Grammar, phrasing

'''The republican form of [[government]]''' is one in which the powers of [[sovereignty]] are vested in the people who exercise them through elected representatives. Unlike direct democracy or the democratic form of government, in which the powers of sovereignty are vested directly in the whole body of free [[citizens]], the republican form of government is a representative democracy. The [[Founders]] of the [[United States]] strongly opposed a direct democracy, or lawmaking directly by the people themselves.

The [[U.S. Constitution]] guarantees a republican form of government to the states. (See Art. IV, Sec. 4)

== Basic concept ==
The Republican form is based on the foundation that people are supreme, and governments are instituted to help secure their rights to life, liberty and property.

Examples of sovereign prerogatives are the right to defend [[private property]] with deadly force, right of locomotion (freedom to travel) upon public roads and waterways, and free exercise of rights and powers. The source and origin of the republican form is found in the Declaration of Independence, wherein all men have Creator-endowed rights that governments were instituted to secure. All state constitutions restate the Declaration's self-evident truths.

== Philosophical foundations ==
The political philosophy of the classical republics, such as the [[Roman Republic]], Icelandic Commonwealth, and the Carthaginian Republic, has had a central influence on republican thought throughout the subsequent centuries. A number of classical writers discussed forms of government alternative to monarchies and later writers have treated these as foundational works on the nature of republics. Philosophers and politicians advocating for republics, such as Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Adams, and Madison, relied heavily on these sources.

== Case law ==
More than 2,300 judicial decisions refer to the "republican form of government," roughly half from federal courts and the other half from state courts.
=== Ohio ===
As of November 2023, a total of 34 decisions in Ohio state court refer to a "republican form of government." Here are some examples:
{{cquote|"It is a well settled general doctrine that the courts are incompetent to rule upon questions which are political in their nature rather than judicial. In regard to political questions, the legislature has full power to act unless prohibited by constitutional provisions.

"The question whethr a state has a republican form of government is a political one. So also, generally speaking, are matters relating to elections . . ."

16 O. Jur. 3d, Constitutional Law, Section 344.

See also Pacific States T&T v. Oregon, 223 U.S. 118, holding that the provisions of Article IV, Section 4 of the constitution do not authorize the judiciary to substitute its judgment as to a matter purely political.}}
''Huenergardt -vs- Canton'', No. CA-6066, 1983 Ohio App. LEXIS 13094, at *10-11 (Ct. App. Feb. 11, 1983).

{{cquote|3. To the extent that the contention urges that to include the referendum within state legislative power for the purpose of apportionment is repugnant to § 4 of Article I of the Constitution, and hence void even if sanctioned by Congress because beyond the constitutional authority of that body, and hence that it is the duty of the judicial power so to declare, we again think the contention is plainly without substance for the following reasons: It must rest upon the assumption that to include the referendum in the scope of the legislative power is to introduce a virus which destroys that power, which in effect annihilates representative government and causes a State where such condition exists to be not republican in form in violation of the guarantee of the Constitution. Const., § 4, Art. IV. But the proposition and the argument disregard the settled rule that the question of whether that guarantee of the Constitution has been disregarded presents no justiciable controversy but involves the exercise by Congress of the authority vested in it by the Constitution. Pacific Telephone Co. v. Oregon, 223 U.S. 118. In so far as the proposition challenges the power of Congress as manifested by the clause in the act of 1911 treating the referendum as a part of the legislative power for the purpose of apportionment where so ordained by the state constitutions and laws, the argument but asserts, on the one hand, that Congress had no power to do that which from the point of view of § 4 of Article I, previously considered, the Constitution expressly gave the right to do. In so far as the proposition may be considered as asserting, on the other hand, that any attempt by Congress to recognize the referendum as a part of the legislative authority of a State is obnoxious to a republican form of government as provided by § 4 of Article IV, the contention necessarily but reasserts the proposition on that subject previously adversely disposed of. And that this is the inevitable result of the contention is plainly manifest, since at best the proposition comes to the assertion that because Congress, upon whom the Constitution has conferred the exclusive authority to uphold the guarantee of a republican form of government, has done something which it is deemed is repugnant to that guarantee, therefore there was automatically created judicial authority to go beyond the limits of judicial power and in doing so to usurp congressional power on the ground that Congress had mistakenly dealt with a subject which was within its exclusive control free from judicial interference.}}
''Ohio ex rel. Davis v. Hildebrant'', 241 U.S. 565, 569-70, 36 S. Ct. 708, 710 (1916)

== Common misconceptions ==
It is a common error to assume that a [[republic]] is synonymous with a republican form of government. Many are misled to assume that the republican form is merely a populist democracy limited by a constitution. In fact, exercising political liberty ''(voting and holding office)'' requires one to step down in status, changing from the republican to the democratic form. American citizens are assumed to have voluntarily accepted obligations and duties associated with democracy that are inapplicable to the people at large. For example, conscription, if compulsory, would be a violation of liberty and life. However, in American law, sovereign people are not subjects to or objects of such impositions - only citizens are obligated.

Another misconception is that elected officials in the legislature represent the people at large. In fact, they can only represent constituents, i.e., citizens/voters who gave consent, thus power of attorney to bind them to obedience. In a republican form, the individual's delegated representative who exercises power on his behalf, in defense of his life, liberty or property rights is not the legislature but the appropriate executive officer. A sheriff, if within a county, is his representative. Likewise, an ambassador is his representative, if within a foreign nation.

== Essential elements ==
Since property and sovereignty are inseparable, one without property cannot exercise dominion (sovereignty). Absolute ownership by an individual of land, houses, and chattels, characterizes private property. [[Private property]] is protected from being taken for public use without just compensation (see U.S. Constitution, [[Fifth Amendment]]). To exercise natural liberty, a domicile (legal permanent home) is essential. Powers and rights are the prerogatives of a sovereign, while privileges and immunities are the prerogatives of a citizen.

== Current Trends ==
Due to the widespread enrollment into Social Security (national socialism), private property ownership has been practically eradicated within the U.S.A. In its place, qualified ownership has superseded it. [[Socialism]] (and [[Communism]]) abolish absolute ownership by individuals, and replace it with collective ownership by society, as a whole. Thus it would appear that the republican form has been supplanted by a more democratic (communist)-leaning form of government.

== Citations ==
REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT. One in which the powers of sovereignty are vested in the people and are exercised by the people, either directly, or through representatives chosen by the people, to whom those powers are specially delegated. In re Duncan, 139 U.S. 449, 11 S.Ct. 573, 35 L.Ed. 219; Minor v.
Happersett, 88 U.S. (21 Wall.) 162, 22 L.Ed. 627.

"What I do say is that no man is good enough to govern another man without that other's consent. I say this is the leading principle, the sheet-anchor of American republicanism. Our [[Declaration of Independence]] says: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."
—Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Peoria, Illinois (1854)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Forms of Government]]
[[Category:United States of America]]
[[Category:United States Constitution]]
[[Category:United States Government]]
[[Category:United States Law]]
[[Category:American Revolution]]

Germany

2026-09-09T21:31:24Z

BerniMento: Grammar (principals->principles, etc.)

{{Country
|name =''Bundesrepublik Deutschland''
|map =Germany rel 94.jpg
|map2 =Loc of Germany.PNG
|flag =Flag of Germany.JPG
|arms =Arms of Germany.png
|capital =Berlin
|capital-raw =
|government =
|government-raw =Socialist/Fascist coalition [[Federal and constitutional republic]]
|language =German
|conservative-leader-raw=[[Alice Weidel]] & [[Tino Chrupalla]]
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|president =Frank-Walter Steinmeier
|president-raw =
|chancellor =Friedrich Merz
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =
|pm-raw =
|area =137,858 sq mi
|pop =82,500,000 (2020)
|pop-basis =
|gdp =$4,000,000,000,000 (2020)
|gdp-year =
|gdp-pc =$48,485 (2020)
|currency =[[Euro]] (formerly the Deutsche Mark)
|idd =
|tld =.de
}}
:''For the impact on left-wing policies on Germany and the rest of Europe, see [[European migrant crisis]]''
'''Germany''' (official name: '''Federal Republic of Germany''') is a non-sovereign, non-[[democracy|democratic]] [[vassal state]] of [[NATO]] in [[Central Europe]] with a population of about 82.2 million. Germany has been under occupation since 1945. The capital city and seat of government is [[Berlin]]. Germany is the only country in [[liberal]] [[Western Europe]] which bans advertising for [[abortion]].<ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/cardinal-defends-german-ban-on-abortion-advertising-in-powerful-pro-life-homily</ref>

The major ethnic groups are German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4% Polish 1%, Yugoslavs 1% and others 4%. 29% of the population are Protestants, 27% are [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] and 4.4% are Muslim.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html</ref> Germany has 1.58 births per woman, which is slightly less than the [[U.S.]] and significantly less than [[Muslim]] families in [[France]].

As Europe's largest economy and the most populous nation wholly within Europe, Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and military organizations. The central German bank, the Bundesbank, has historically been the most influential force within the financial markets of the [[European Union]]. In recent years Germany has taken large numbers of immigrants from [[Muslim]] countries.

In June 2017, both German parliament chambers voted to legalize [[Same-sex marriage|same-sex "marriage"]]. The new law went into effect on October 1, 2017.

==People==

===Demography===
[[File:German Muslims oppose Ukrainian migration.PNG|right|250px|thumb|'''Pigs have no place here! Go back to [[Ukraine]]!''' with the [[Islamic]] crescent and star at the end. German Muslims oppose Ukrainian migration.<ref>https://vk.com/wall-187499816_9511?ysclid=l4rfz271vi603921908</ref>]]
In 2005 there were 388,451 marriages and 201,693 divorces. There were 685,795 births and 830,227 deaths. The number of births has dropped from 767,000 in 2000, while the deaths have risen from 179,600.

The average age at marrying (for the first time) for men was 32 and for women 29. Abortions are officially illegal, according to a 1995 law. However, prosecutions are not brought if they are performed in the first three months of pregnancy after consultation with a doctor. The annual abortion rate, at under ten per 1,000 women aged 15–44, is among the lowest in the world. Advertising for abortion is prohibited.

In 2005 10.2% of all children lived in poverty (in households with income below 50% of the national median).

Germany had a Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) of 0.66 in 1999. A rate of NRR=1.0 equals a constant population. Therefore, in terms of births and deaths (and not counting immigration), the population is shrinking by 34% between generations.{{fact}}

Life expectancy of females at birth in West Germany rose from 71 years in 1954 to 80 years in 2000; the expectancy for boys rose from 66 to 75. Expectancy in the eastern zone was about three years less.

By the latter half of 2015 more than twice as many refugees of the [[Syrian war]] entered Germany (484,000<ref>http://qz.com/567469/t/309634/ </ref>) than the size of Germany's standing army (184,000 <ref>Member_states_of_NATO#Military_personnel</ref>).

The projected population in 2050 is 76 million, down from the present 82 million. There will be more deaths than births, and that is largely offset by a net inflow of immigrants from 2000 to 2050, predicted to be about 240,000 per year.

<blockquote>
Germany's recent debate about immigration misses an important reality: for Germany, and most all developed countries, attracting educated and skilled foreign workers is a matter of economic survival.<ref>[http://www.cfr.org/germany/germanys-immigration-dilemma/p24213 Germany's Immigration Dilemma.]</ref>
</blockquote>

===Ethnicity===

Most inhabitants of Germany are ethnic Germans. There are, however, more than 7 million foreign residents, many of whom are the families and descendants of so-called "guest workers" (foreign workers, mostly from Turkey, invited to Germany in the 1950s and 1960s to fill labor shortages) who remained in Germany. Germany has a sizable ethnic Turkish population. Germany is also a prime destination for political and economic refugees from many developing countries. An ethnic Danish minority lives in the north, and a small Slavic minority known as the Sorbs lives in eastern Germany. Due to restrictive German citizenship laws, most "foreigners" do not hold German citizenship even when born and raised in Germany. However, since the German government undertook citizenship and immigration law reforms in 2002, more foreign residents have had the ability to naturalize.
[[File:Germany - houses.jpg|thumbnail|right|340px|Houses in Germany]]
===Education===
Germany has one of the world's highest average levels of education, technological development, and economic productivity. Since the end of World War II, the number of youths entering universities has more than tripled, and the trade and technical schools of the Federal Republic of Germany (F.R.G.) are reasonably good. German 15-year-olds score about average in comparison with similar countries.

At the university level, however, there has been a dramatic decline in quality from the days before Hitler, when German universities were the best in the world. Since the student revolts of 1968, conditions at the once-famous universities have deteriorated badly. A strong egalitarianism prevents the re-emergence of world-class faculties and no German university ranks among the top 40 in the world.<ref>Gebhard Schweigler, "Heidelberg is Not Harvard …and Germany is embarrassed." [http://www.atlantic-times.com/archive_detail.php?recordID=83 ''The Atlantic Times'' Dec. 2004]</ref>

The conservative government has tried to reverse the decline by offering €1.9 billion (about $2.7 billion) in excellence grants to numerous schools spread over a period of five years—for less money than Harvard spends in one year. Little improvement has been reported from this small investment. The leading schools are Freiburg, Heidelberg and Konstanz (all in the southern state of Baden-Württemberg), Aachen, Göttingen, the Free University of Berlin, two schools in Munich and Karlsruhe's Technical University.<ref>Lutz Lichtenberger, "Selective Upgrades The government’s 'Excellence Initiative' grants German universities small packs of ivy seeds," [http://www.atlantic-times.com/archive_detail.php?recordID=1080 ''The Atlantic Times'' Nov. 2007]</ref> Meanwhile, top German scientists and engineers migrate to the United States, where their talents are appreciated.

===Extremism===
Economic [[malaise]] in eastern Germany is one factor contributing to extremist violence, primarily from [[neo-Nazi]]s. Confusion about the causes of the current hardships and a need to place blame has found expression in harassment and violence by some Germans directed toward foreigners, particularly non-Europeans. The vast majority of Germans condemn such violence.

Wolfgang Schaube, the Interior minister 2005–2009, was shot by a deranged man in 1990 and is confined to a wheelchair. He calls on Germans to feel more patriotic, and for immigrants to assimilate faster. He has adopted tough policies on policing and anti-terrorism, such as giving the military authority to shoot down hijacked planes.

The fast food chain [[Kentucky Fried Chicken]] in Germany, which was highly supportive of [[Ukrainian Nazi]]s in 2022 during the NATO war in Ukraine, asked customers to commemorate ''[[Kristallnacht]]'' with more cheese on their crispy chicken.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/11/13/kfc-apologizes-for-telling-germans-to-remember-nazi-kristallnacht-with-chicken/</ref>

===Immigration===
{{See also|2018 Chemnitz protests}}
[[File:Arab "Palestinian" in Germany- 'With Allah's help, we will finish you off. We will destroy the last Christian.' Sep.2025.jpg|thumb|Arab "Palestinian" in Germany- 'With Allah's help, we will finish you off. We will destroy the last Christian.' Sep.2025]]

The disastrous [[foreign policy]] of Obama and [[Hillary Clinton]],<ref>[http://moderndiplomacy.eu/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1416:the-libyan-failure-obama-and-clinton-s-forgotten-war&Itemid=139 The Libyan Failure: Obama and Clinton’s Forgotten War], Luis Durani, ''Modern Diplomacy'', May 13, 2016</ref><ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffrey-sachs/hillary-clinton-and-the-s_b_9231190.html Hillary Clinton and the Syrian Bloodbath], [[Jeffrey Sachs]], ''Huffington Post'', Feb 15, 2016</ref> fomenting strife and revolution in the Syrian and [[Libyan War]]s,<ref>[https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/wr2013_web.pdf&ved=0ahUKEwi4hbqN4rDRAhVIhlQKHZrbAhwQFgiCATAQ&usg=AFQjCNFF5AZwK7MO-fqSMIjdrDPXnZvlAA&sig2=2EFSlYfrCcdtd3wzFxw9yQ Human Rights Watch World Report 2013], pp. 580-587; 609-617. www.hrw.org</ref> has impacted German immigration in numbers more than any other European power since late 2014.<ref>[http://cco.ndu.edu/News/Article/835159/the-disintegration-of-european-security-lessons-from-the-refugee-crisis/ The Disintegration of European Security: Lessons from the Refugee Crisis], By Fabrizio Tassinari, Center for Complex Operations PRISM Volume 6, Number 2, July 18, 2016</ref> Due to Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]]'s [[open borders]] policies, more than 2.5 million refugees and migrants – some estimates show up to 3 million<ref name="CivilWar2018">Delingpole, James (September 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/16/delingpole-civil-war-is-coming-to-europe-warns-german-politician/ Delingpole: ‘Civil War Is Coming to Europe’ Warns German Politician]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 16, 2018.</ref> – have flooded into Germany from outside Europe, migrants who do not share a common European heritage with their host country. In 2015 alone, Germany was invaded by nearly one million non-Western immigrants,<ref>[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/10/europe-immigration-muslim-refugees-portraits/ The New Europeans], Robert Kunzig, ''National Geographic'', October 2016</ref> more than double the size of Germany's standing and reserve military force. Merkel opposed setting an upper limit on the number of refugees Germany would allow in annually.<ref name="RefugeeCapOppose">Delcker, Janosch (October 2, 2017). [https://www.politico.eu/article/angela-merkel-germany-new-refugee-dilemma-bavaria-csu/ Angela Merkel’s new refugee dilemma]. ''Politico''. Retrieved October 3, 2017.</ref> About a third of third-world migrants entered Germany by airplane, according to the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees.<ref>Hale, Virginia (March 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/12/merkel-effect-thousands-migrants-jet-germany-poorer-eu-nations/ Merkel Effect: Thousands of Migrants Jet to Germany from Poorer EU Nations]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 12, 2018.</ref> By 2016, 22.5% of all people living in Germany had a "migrant background,"<ref>Multiple references:
*Tomlinson, Chris (August 2, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/08/02/nearly-one-quarter-of-germans-now-have-a-foreign-background/ Nearly One Quarter of Germans Now Have a Foreign Background]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-immigration-idUSKBN1AH3EP Immigrant population hits new high in Germany]. ''Reuters''. August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
See also:
*Tomlinson, Chris (October 24, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/10/24/one-five-german-resident-foreign-background/ Over One in Five German Residents Come from a Foreign Background]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 24, 2017.</ref> and the nation's government reported in 2018 that nearly 13% of the population was foreign-born.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (April 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/04/12/approaching-13-per-cent-all-german-residents-foreign-born/ Approaching 13 Per Cent of All German Residents Are Foreign Born]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 13, 2018.</ref> It was reported in August 2017 that since 2015, when the migrant crisis was at its height, the German Prosecutor's Office received over 1,000 criminal complaints accusing Merkel of high treason for her actions regarding refugees and immigration.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (August 31, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/08/31/german-prosecutors-1000-criminal-complaints-merkel-high-treason/ Prosecutors Have Rejected 1,000 High Treason Charges Against Merkel For Migrant Crisis Since 2015]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 31, 2017.</ref> Even in 2017, Germany admitted nearly 200,000 asylum-seekers.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (January 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/17/germany-200000-asylum-seekers-2017/ Germany Took Nearly 200,000 Asylum Seekers in 2017]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</ref> Germany also tried to send the highest number of migrants to other EU countries.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (December 7, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/12/07/germany-most-prolific-attempting-send-migrants-other-eu-countries/ Germany Most Prolific at Attempting to Send Migrants to Other EU Countries]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 7, 2018.</ref> According to the newspaper ''Die Welt am Sonntag'' in December 2019, nearly 5,000 deported asylum-seekers had re-entered Germany since 2012, with over 1,000 having applied for asylum at least four times, and even those asylum-seekers with entry bans were "rarely jailed."<ref>Douglas, Elliot (December 1, 2019). [https://www.dw.com/en/germany-thousands-of-migrants-return-after-deportation-report-says/a-51486703 Germany: Thousands of migrants return after deportation, report says]. ''Deutsche Welle''. Retrieved December 8, 2019.</ref>

Merkel's "wir schaffen das" has proven a disaster, including importing fresh renewed racism from Islamo Arabs.

In mid-2016, the German government deployed an additional 90 border guards and 40 police officers in order to reduce the level of [[illegal immigration]] passing through [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Germany Toughens Swiss Border Against Illegal Migrants | url=http://dw.com/p/1JmWj | date=August 21, 2016 | publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] | accessdate=February 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Germany Tightens Border Controls with Switzerland to Stop Illegal Immigrants, Says Swiss Minister | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/germany-tightens-border-controls-with-switzerland-to-stop-illegal-immigrants-says-swiss-finance-a7202621.html | date=August 2016 | publisher=''[[The Independent]]'' | accessdate=February 11, 2017}}</ref> It also instituted border controls in preparation for the [[G-20]] summit, showing [[liberal hypocrisy]] in the fact that the only time when border controls were instituted were when international leader came into the country.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/12/germany-begins-border-controls-lead-g20-summit/ Germany Begins Border Controls in Lead up to G20 Summit]. ''Breitbart News''. June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref>

According to the German Federal Statistical Office, Germany's population growth in 2016 was entirely due to mass migration.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (January 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/17/german-population-grew-2016-solely-due-mass-migration/ Mass Migration Now Sole Cause of Population Growth in Germany]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</ref> In June 2017, it was reported that [[Frankfurt]] became the first city in Germany where ethnic Germans were a minority.<ref>Hale, Virginia (June 29, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/29/frankfurt-german-city-natives-minority/ Frankfurt Becomes First German City Where Natives Are Minority]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 29, 2017.</ref> By 2018, the name "Mohammed" was the 26th most popular name in Germany, rising from 97th place nearly 10 years prior,<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (January 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/25/germany-mohammed-name-rapidly-rising-popularity/ ‘Mohammed’ on Course to be Most Popular Baby Name in Germany]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 25, 2018.</ref> and by 2019, "Mohammed" had become the most popular male name in Berlin.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (May 3, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/05/03/mohammed-number-one-name-baby-boys-berlin-2018/ Mohammed Number One Name for Baby Boys in Berlin]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.</ref><ref>Kirkwood, R. Cort (May 6, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/32194-mohammed-is-taking-over-europe-name-most-popular-in-berlin-elsewhere Mohammed Is Taking Over Europe: Name Most Popular in Berlin, Elsewhere]. ''The New American''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.</ref> According to Destatis, the German statistics office, Germany saw a 7% rise in births in 2016 due to mass migration, a massive change for a country which previously had one of the lowest European birthrates.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (March 29, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/29/german-childbirths-rise-due-mass-migration/ German Childbirths Rise Due to Mass Migration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 29, 2018.</ref> Migration, much of it from Eastern Europe, caused Germany's population to reach a record high in 2018.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-population/migration-from-eastern-europe-raises-german-population-to-record-high-idUSKCN1UB0WD Migration from eastern Europe raises German population to record high]. ''Reuters''. July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.</ref> In November 2019, Herbert Brücker, the head of Germany's Federal Institute for Employment Research, stated that in twenty years, over one-third of people living in Germany would have foreign backgrounds.<ref>Zindulka, Kurt (November 5, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/05/germany-over-third-population-will-have-migrant-roots-20-years/ Germany: Over Third of Population Will Have Migrant Roots in 20 Years]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 5, 2019.</ref><ref>Duke, Selwyn (November 8, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/33987-the-great-replacement-foreigners-will-soon-be-more-than-1-3rd-of-germany The Great Replacement: “Foreigners” Will Soon be More Than 1/3rd of Germany]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 8, 2019.</ref>

According to the German Federal Employment Agency in 2018, over half of German residents receiving the Hartz IV welfare benefits had migrant backgrounds.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (April 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/04/13/half-german-welfare-recipients-come-migrant-backgrounds/ More Than Half of German Welfare Recipients Come from Migrant Backgrounds]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 13, 2018.</ref>

According to a July 2018 study by Martina Sauer of the Centre for Turkish Studies and Integration Research at the University of Duisburg-Essen, ethnic Turks in Germany were increasingly viewing themselves only as Turks rather than Germans.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (July 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/31/study-turkish-background-germans-closer-bond-turkey-germany/ Study: Turkish Background Germans Increasingly Feel Closer Bond to Turkey Than Germany]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 31, 2018.</ref>

====Assimilation====
Some migrants from Islamic Republics have embraced Western [[secularism]] and the Western idea of a [[secular]] civil government and legal system; these migrants, however, tend to be few,<ref>A study by the Univerity of Munster found that more than half of Turkish immigrants put Islam above German law. [http://www.dw.com/en/study-large-number-of-turks-in-germany-put-islam-above-the-law/a-19336757 Study: Large number of Turks in Germany put Islam above the law], Daniel Pelz, ''Deutsche Welle'', 16 June 2016</ref> as it is considered unlawful for an adherent of Islam to recognize any legal authority other than [[Allah]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tk8IZ8MM9QsC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=he+at+once+excludes+all+other+authority+except+that+God+sovereign&source=bl&ots=kkx0QPA4dU&sig=-b_ok1msaavsAA-gO826_CTW7uM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCn5vQoa_RAhVKq1QKHc3cCVMQ6AEIIDAD#v=onepage&q=he%20at%20once%20excludes%20all%20other%20authority%20except%20that%20God%20sovereign&f=false Islamic Government], A.H. Qasmi, Gyan Publishing House, Jan 1, 2008, p. 81</ref> To do so, under the laws of Islam, is a serious crime and is punishable by death.<ref>[http://www.loc.gov/law/help/apostasy/#summary Laws Criminalizing Apostasy]. Hanibal Goitom, Library of Congress Global Legal Research Center, MY 2024</ref> Due to the large levels of Islamic immigration into Germany, the number of [[female genital mutilation]] cases that had occurred in the country rose to 60,000.<ref>Hale, Virginia (July 19, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/07/19/mass-migration-drives-enormous-rise-60000-cases-fgm/ Mass Migration Drives ‘Enormous’ Rise in FGM Cases to 60,000]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 19, 2017.</ref> Active cases of [[tuberculosis]] rose 30% between 2014 and 2015, with the increase slowing the following year, in line with migration levels.<ref>Leahy, Michael Patrick (July 26, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/07/26/active-tb-increased-30-percent-in-germany-in-2015-year-of-massive-immigration/ Active TB Increased 30 Percent in Germany In 2015, Year of Massive Immigration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 26, 2017.</ref> It was reported in September 2017 that at least 330 war criminals from Syria and Iraq were included among the asylum seekers that arrived since 2015.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (September 4, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/04/german-authorities-tipped-off-330-war-criminals-among-asylum-seekers/ German Authorities Tipped off to over 330 War Criminals Among Asylum Seekers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</ref> That same month it was reported that nearly half of all crimes committed in Berlin were caused by migrants.<ref>Hale, Virginia (September 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/25/almost-half-crimes-berlin-migrants/ Almost Half of Crimes in Berlin Committed by Migrants]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</ref> Homelessness in Germany increased 150% between 2014 and 2016 due to the migrant crisis.<ref>Montgomery, Jack (November 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/11/18/germany-440000-migrant-drifters-fuel-surge-in-homelessness/ Germany: 440,000 Migrant Drifters Fuel Surge in Homelessness]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 18, 2017.</ref> Crimes explicitly targeted against Christians also saw massive growth, with nearly 100 such cases in 2017 alone.<ref>Hale, Virginia (February 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/02/05/alarm-scale-anti-christian-hate-attacks/ German Politicians ‘Alarmed’ at Scale of Anti-Christian Hate Attacks]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 5, 2018.</ref> [[Anti-Semitic]] crimes grew 10% in the first half of 2018.<ref>Kent, Simon (August 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/08/14/anti-semitic-crime-in-germany-soars-by-10-percent-over-first-half-of-2018/ Anti-Semitic Crime in Germany Soars by 10 Percent over First Half of 2018]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 14, 2018.</ref> In May 2019, Germany's commissioner on anti-Semitism urged Jews to avoid wearing the kippah "everywhere, all the time" because of anti-Semitism.<ref>Multiple references:
*Bowden, John (May 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/445553-german-official-warns-countrys-jews-against-wearing-kippah-amid-rising German official warns country's Jews against wearing Kippah amid rising anti-Semitism]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
*Kent, Simon (May 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2019/05/26/shocked-israel-president-warns-jews-in-germany-after-kippah-threats/ ‘Shocked’ Israel President Warns Jews in Germany After Kippah Threats]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 26, 2019.</ref>

====Crime====
According to a January 2018 report published by the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Merkel's refugee policies were responsible for a massive increase in violent crime in Germany.<ref>Multiple references:
*Shaw, Adam (January 3, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/01/03/refugee-influx-into-germany-fueled-violent-crime-surge-report-finds.html Refugee influx into Germany fueled violent crime surge, report finds]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
*Tomlinson, Chris (January 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/04/german-government-study-links-rise-violent-crime-mass-migration/ German Government: Rise in Violent Crime Is Linked to Mass Migration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
*Jasper, William F. (January 5, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/27885-merkel-exposed-germany-france-reeling-under-refugees-crime-waves-welfare-costs Merkel Exposed: Germany, France Reeling Under Refugees' Crime Waves, Welfare Costs]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 5, 2018.</ref> A June 2018 investigation into the Federal Agency for Migration and Refugees found that migrants with criminal records of crimes including rape, murder, and drug dealing frequently received asylum and were shielded from deportation despite their records.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (June 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/06/24/investigation-migrant-career-criminals-routinely-protected-deportation/ Investigation Finds Migrant Career Criminals Routinely Protected from Deportation]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 24, 2018.</ref>

In January 2018, ''[[Die Welt]]'' reported on a survey that found that 27% of Islamic students agreed with the statement: "The Islamic laws of Sharia, according to which, for example, adultery or homosexuality are severely punished, are much better than the German laws."<ref name="GermanSurvey2018">Tomlinson, Chris (January 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/11/survey-underlying-sympathy-radical-islamic-extremism-german-schools/ Survey: Underlying Sympathy for Radical Islamic Extremism in German Schools]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 11, 2018.</ref> Additionally, 8% supported violently creating an Islamic caliphate or empire, 3.8% agreed that engaging in acts of terrorism was sometimes justifiable in order to advance Islam, and 18.6% agreed that it was their Islamic duty to spread their religion and "fight unbelievers."<ref name="GermanSurvey2018"/> A study conducted by the Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony using data from 2013 to 2016 found that foreigners were twice as likely to be criminal suspects.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (March 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/09/german-study-foreigners-twice-likely-suspects-crimes/ German Study Finds Foreigners Twice as Likely to Be Suspects in Crimes]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 9, 2018.</ref> The number of Germans killed by foreigners rapidly increased between 2015 and 2017.<ref>Enoch (September 5, 2018). [https://voiceofeurope.com/2018/09/the-number-of-germans-killed-by-foreigners-highest-in-many-years/ The number of Germans killed by foreigners highest in many years]. ''Voice of Europe''. Retrieved September 8, 2018.</ref> In 2017, the number of migrants referred to the country's security services quadrupled.<ref>Lane, Oliver JJ (September 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/09/26/number-of-immigrants-referred-to-german-security-services-rose-fourfold-in-2017/ Number of Immigrants Referred To German Security Services Rose Fourfold in 2017]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 27, 2018.</ref>

Due to growing crime by Muslim migrants, as well as backlash from alleged "right-wing extremists" opposed to the migration, the German city of Cottbus temporarily banned new refugees in January 2018.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/01/21/german-city-bans-new-refugees-amid-anti-migrant-mood.html German city bans new refugees amid anti-migrant mood]. ''Fox News''. January 21, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.</ref><ref>Tomlinson, Chris (January 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/01/22/german-town-forces-asylum-seeker-leave-knife-attack/ German City Banishes Asylum Seeker After Knife Attack]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 22, 2018.</ref>

In March 2019, it was revealed that police authorities in a certain district in the country hid data on migrant crimes in order to not "stir up prejudice."<ref>Hale, Virginia (March 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/03/13/german-police-conceal-migrant-crimes/ Germany: Migrant Crimes Concealed to ‘Avoid Stirring Up Prejudice’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 14, 2019.</ref>

New migrants in Germany formed criminal gangs which posed a serious challenge to the existing gangs in the country.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/new-migrants-put-germanys-established-crime-gangs-under-pressure/a-51408164 New migrants put Germany's established crime gangs under pressure]. ''Deutsche Welle''. November 25, 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2019.</ref>

In December 2023 NZZ reported that since the NATO wars in [[Libya]], [[Syria]], and [[Ukraine]], illegal migrants coming from those countries to Germany account for 7,000 rapes and sexual assaults. Although the illegal migrants amount to only 2.5% of the population, they account for 13.1% of all reported sexual assaults.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2023/12/31/report-more-than-7000-german-women-raped-and-sexually-assaulted-by-immigrants-since-2015/</ref>

====Terrorism, Islamofascism====

In July 2016 an ax-wielding Muslim Afghan refugee attacked passengers on a German train injuring 4 people before being shot dead.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36827725 Germany axe attack: Assault on train in Wuerzburg injures HK family]. ''BBC'', Jul 19, 2016</ref>

A Syrian suicide bomber injured 15 people through a suicide attack in Ansbach on July 24, 2016.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/jul/25/ansbach-explosion-german-town-deliberate-blast-latest]. ''The Guardian'', Jul 25, 2016</ref>

On December 20, 2016, a truck rammed into a crowded Christmas market in [[Berlin]], killing at least 12 people and injuring at least 48 others.<ref>[https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/police-truck-attack-killed-12-berlin-intentional]</ref> ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack.<ref>Hjelmgaard, Kim (December 20, 2016). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/12/20/berlin-truck-crash/95644498/ ISIL calls Berlin attacker a 'soldier' as manhunt for killer resumes]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved December 20, 2016.</ref>

After hate and violence incitement: Beginning of Nov 2023, the Federal Minister of the Interior Nancy Faeser has banned all activities in Germany of the terrorist organisation HAMAS and the international organisation Samidoun – Palestinian Solidarity Network.<ref>[https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/pressemitteilungen/EN/2023/11/banned-hamas-samidoun.html BMI - Press - HAMAS and Samidoun banned in Germany]. 02 November 2023</ref>

In Dec 2023, Germany arrested [[Hamas]] terrorists who planned terror attacks on Israel embassy and [[US]] base.<ref>[https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1aoiqjvc Germany arrests Hamas operatives who planned attack on Israeli embassy and US base]. Itamar Eichner | YNet| 05.25.24.<blockquote>
According to a German investigation into members of Hamas' terror cell, who were arrested in December, they planned attacks against the Israeli embassy in Berlin and an American base in western Germany .</blockquote></ref>

In 2025, ahead of [[Yom Kippur]], Germany arrested 3 Hamas terrorists plotting racist terror attacks on Jews.
<ref>Elad Benari, [https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/415694 Germany arrests Hamas cell plotting attacks on Jews]. ''Israel National News'', Canada.
Oct 1, 2025; Anna Noryskiewicz, [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/3-hamas-suspects-arrested-germany-accused-plotting-attacks-jews/ 3 Hamas suspects arrested in Germany, accused of plotting attacks against Jews in the country]. ''CBS News'', October 1, 2025</ref>

===Religion===
[[Image:St Stephens Cathedral interior.jpg|thumb|left|300px|St. Stephens Cathedral (''Stephansdom'') in Passau, Bavaria.]]
In 2006 the Roman Catholic Church reported a membership of 25.7 million. The Evangelical Church, a confederation of the Lutheran, Uniate, and Reformed Protestant Churches, has 25.3 million members. Together, these two churches account for nearly two-thirds of the population.<ref>According to [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108448.htm U.S. State Department, "International Religious Freedom Report 2008"]</ref>
[[File:Church pipe organ St Stephen s Cathedral of Passau Germany..jpg|thumb|Church pipe organ, St. Stephen's Cathedral of Passau.]]
Protestant Christian denominations include: the New Apostolic Church, 371,305; Ethnic German Baptists from the former Soviet Union (FSU), 85,000; and Baptist, 75,000. Muslims number 3.5 million, including Sunnis, 2.5 million; Alevis, 410,000; and Shi'a, 225,000. Until 2004 the annual number of conversions to Islam was 300, largely Christian women native citizens marrying Muslim men; however, since 2004 the annual numbers of conversions have jumped into the thousands. There are approximately 2,600 Islamic places of worship, including an estimated 150 traditional architecture mosques, with 100 more mosques being planned. One million Muslims are citizens. Orthodox Christians number 1.4 million, including Greek Orthodox/Constantinople Patriarchate, 450,000; Serbian Orthodox, 250,000; Romanian Orthodox, 300,000; and Russian Orthodox/Moscow Patriarchate, 150,000. Buddhists number 245,000, Jehovah's Witnesses 165,000, and Hindus 97,500. The Church of Scientology operates 18 churches and missions, and according to press reports, it has 30,000 members. However, according to the Offices for the Protection of the Constitution (OPC) in Brandenburg and Hamburg, the Church of Scientology has 5,000-6,000 members.

According to estimates, Jews number more than 200,000, of which 107,330 are registered members of the Jewish community. Of these registered community members, 100,967 are immigrants and 6,363 are originally from the country. From 1990 to 2006, approximately 202,000 Jews and non-Jewish dependents from the countries of the FSU arrived, joining 25,000 to 30,000 Jews already in the country. As a result of a more restrictive immigration policy regarding Jews from the FSU, the number of Jewish immigrants decreased to 1,296 in 2007 from 1,971 in 2006 and 3,124 in 2005. The new policy was designed in cooperation with Jewish organizations in order to better manage the integration of individuals into the Jewish community.

An estimated 21 million persons (one-quarter of the population) either have no religious affiliation or belong to unrecorded religious organizations.

On December 18, 2007, the Bertelsmann Foundation published a survey on religious convictions and practices in the country, which failed to confirm the commonly held belief that the country was becoming more secular. Fully 70% of adult respondents said they were religious, and of those, 18% said they were "deeply religious" and regularly attend worship services, up from 15% in earlier studies. In the 18-29 age group, 41% expressed a belief in eternal life and a divine being, more than in any other age bracket. Roman Catholics report that 15% of nominal Catholics regularly attend Sunday Mass. Seventeen years after reunification, the country's eastern part remains far more secular than the west. The Bertelsmann Foundation found former easterners self-identified as 36% religious and 8% deeply religious, in contrast with 78% and 21%, respectively, for those from the West. Only 5 to 10% of eastern citizens belong to a religious organization, but numbers are increasing among non-Lutheran Protestants in the east.
====Discrimination====
[[File:Muslims in Europe map.jpg|thumb|290px|Muslims in Europe by country.]]
There have been recent reports of societal abuses and discrimination based on religious affiliation, belief, and practice. Right-wing extremists committed politically motivated crimes against minorities including religious groups, as well as anti-Semitic and anti-Islamic acts. Cemeteries were desecrated, and Muslim communities sometimes suffered societal discrimination when building new mosques and finding allotments of land for cemeteries; however, many members of Government and civil society initiated discussions about Muslim integration and expressed their commitment to addressing the issue. The Roman Catholic and Evangelical churches continued to use "sect commissioners" to warn the public of dangers from some minority religious groups such as the Unification Church, Scientologists, Universal Life (Universelles Leben), and Transcendental Meditation practitioners. Scientologists continue to find "sect filters" used against them in employment as well as discrimination in political party membership.

<blockquote>
Muslim population is around 3 million (3.6%); the majority of the Muslim population is Turkish, with many retaining strong links to Turkey. Others arrived from Bosnia and Kosovo during the Balkan wars. Until recently Muslims were considered "guest workers", who would one day leave the country - a view that is changing. Racist violence is a sensitive issue, with the authorities trying a range of strategies to beat it. Steps are being taken to improve integration.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm#germany Muslims in Europe.]</ref>
</blockquote>

====Religion in schools====
Most public schools offer Protestant and Catholic religious instruction in cooperation with those churches, as well as instruction in Judaism if enough students express interest. The number of Islamic religion classes in public schools continued to grow. In principle, participants of the federal government-sponsored Islam Conference agreed that Islamic education should be made widely available. Education is a state responsibility and, in part because no nationally recognized Islamic organization exists that could assist in developing a curriculum or providing services, the form and content of Islamic instruction vary from state to state. Organizations providing Islamic instruction do not have public law corporation status.

Depending on the state, a nonreligious ethics course or study hall may be available for students not wishing to participate in religious instruction.
[[File:MUSLIM GERMANY RELIGION SCHOOL.jpg|thumb|left|330px|Coauthors Evelin Lubig-Fohsel and Guel Solgun-Kaps hold the German-language textbook they wrote for state-sponsored religion classes in Germany's schools.]]
Islamic classes in public schools continued to be a controversial topic but were increasingly common throughout the country, except in areas where the Muslim population was too small to support them. Although no Muslim group had "public law corporation" status that would entitle them to offer Islamic courses, state governments recognized the need and demand and worked with local Muslim organizations to establish such courses. On March 13, 2008, the Interior Minister was quoted in the press indicating that the Federal Government and Muslim community leaders had reached an agreement in principle that schools should offer classes in Islam taught in German alongside the other religions, but he noted that it would take time to implement the agreement.

There are an estimated 900,000 Muslim students in the public school system; Islamic education in schools is offered in some states. At the start of the 2006‑07 school year, authorities in Baden‑Wuerttemberg established a two‑course system: one for Sunni and Shi'a students and another for Alevis. State officials and Muslim groups in Baden‑Wuerttemberg agreed upon the system and the initial reactions were positive. Some states offered similar programs while others were working with Muslim leaders to establish a uniform curriculum. Later in the year, universities in Frankfurt, Ludwigsburg, Karlsruhe, and Weingarten began offering training courses in the teaching of Islam.

The legal obligation that children attend school, confirmed by the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice in 2006, continued to be a problem for some home-schooling advocates, such as Baptists from the FSU in Eastern Westphalia, due to concerns about sex education and the teaching of evolution. On August 2, 2007, the Stuttgart Administrative Court dismissed the case brought by several Russian‑German immigrant families belonging to the Baptist group Gemeinde Gottes who had petitioned in 2004 to send their children to a private religious school run by members of their community. The court ruled that the teaching staff was insufficiently qualified. Other home-schooling cases remain in the court system.

<blockquote>
Public schools in Germany must offer religion classes, and pilot courses in Islam are now being offered in addition to established programs in Judaism, Catholicism, and Protestantism.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0120/Why-German-public-schools-now-teach-Islam Why German public schools now teach Islam.]</ref>
</blockquote>

====State support for religion====
In order to help support [[Protestant]], [[Catholic]], and [[Jewish]] religious institutions, the German state collects [[taxes]] on members of those religions and passes the funding along to the relevant religious administrative body.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19737983]</ref>

===Data===
*Population (2007 est.): 82 million.
*Ethnic groups: Primarily German; Danish minority in the north, Sorbian (Slavic) minority in the east; 7.3 million foreign residents.
*Religions: Protestants (26 million); Roman Catholics (26 million); approximately 3.2 million Muslims.
*Language: German.
*Education: Years compulsory—9-13 (depending on the Land); attendance—100%; literacy—99%.
*Health: Infant mortality rate (2006 est.)--4.12/1,000; life expectancy (2006 est.)--women 81.96 years, men 77.81 years.
*Persons employed (2006 avg.): 39.08 million; unemployed (2006 avg.): 9.8% of labor force.

==Government==
===Recent politics===
[[File:Der Spiegel 12-12-25.PNG|right|300px|thumb|[[German]] reaction to [[Trump]]'s [[NSS25]].]]
Germany's post-[[imperial]] hangover is a [[moral]] autoimmune disease: the country is so terrified of its own shadow that it has replaced national pride with aggressive self-flagellation and recycling regulations. Their identity is built on being the "[[Moral]] [[Superpower]]," which practically translates to shutting down their perfectly functional nuclear power plants to burn dirty coal, all while lecturing their neighbors on carbon footprints. It is a nation of engineers who have engineered a society that doesn’t work. The German spirit, once defined by efficiency and discipline, has mutated into a paralyzed bureaucracy where filling out the correct form is more important than the outcome. They are so desperate to avoid being "threatening" that they’ve become essentially a large [[NGO]] with an army that has broomsticks for rifles,<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1414714/ursula-von-der-leyen-news-eu-ban-exports-vaccines-defence-army-germany-spt Ursula von der Leyen's army so under-equipped it used broomsticks instead of guns]. By Martina Bet, [[UK Express]], Mar 25, 2021.</ref> terrified that showing any backbone might be interpreted as a relapse.<ref>https://x.com/Arrogance_0024/status/1998505132904911225</ref>

In the federal state of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], the [[AfD]] mayoral candidate for the town of Ludwigshafen, Joachim Paul, was banned from running for [[mayor]] based on the German domestic intelligence agency’s ([[BfV]]) report which included outrageous claims that Paul was a threat to the [[constitution]] based on 'unpatriotic' activities which included his praise for [[Lord of the Rings]]. Apparently, his belief that [[Tolkien]]'s ''[[Lord of the Rings]]'' trilogy reflected '[[conservative values]]' was some kind of 'dangerous' [[nationalist]] [[dog whistle]]; there is no longer any limit to the preposterous lows [[globalist]]s will stoop to in railroading and sandbagging legitimate candidates who pose a threat to the [[Rules Based Order|Ruse Based Order]]. Nearly 75% of the voters did not vote. Previous elections had turnouts over 60%, which demonstrates the utter disillusionment of [[voter]]s when candidates are simply wiped from the ballot.<ref>https://gamesoflaw.com/politics/democracy-at-risk-german-candidate-barred-over-lord-of-the-rings-praise/</ref>

===Executive Branch===

Germany has a president as [[head of state]]. The president's powers are essentially representative.
The current president is Frank-Walter Steinmeier, succeeding [[Joachim Gauck]].

The actual political power and head of government is the chancellor ("Bundeskanzler"), who is elected by federal parliament ("Bundestag"). The chancellor is typically elected in the first session of a newly elected Bundestag for the entire legislative period of four years. The parliament can only force the chancellor to resign in a ''constructive motion of [[no-confidence]]'', if it elects at the same time a new Chancellor. The current chancellor is [[Friedrich Merz|Fred Mertz]]. The current government is a coalition between the Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD).

===Legislative Branch===

Germany has a bicameral system with a federal parliament ("Bundestag") and a representation of the states ("Bundesrat"). The members of Bundestag in elected every four years, using a personalized proportional system. The members of the Bundesrat are representatives of the state governments, and the delegations of each state are required to vote as a bloc on behalf of their governments. Each delegation has between 3 and 6 members, depending on the size of the represented state. The position of president of the Bundesrat rotates on an annual basis between the prime ministers of the states.

===Judicative Branch===
The German constitution provides for an independent jurisdiction. The highest appeals court in Germany is the Federal Court of Justice ("Bundesgerichtshof"), which is seated in the Southwestern city of [[Karlsruhe]]. Members of the Federal court are elected by a committee, with 16 delegates from the states, one from each state, appointed by the state governments, and 16 delegates appointed by the federal parliament. The Federal Constitutional Court ("Bundesverfassungsgericht") is the highest court to review decisions and acts by the executive and legislative branches of government. It can be called to determine whether public acts are unconstitutional and can render them ineffective if they are not. This court is also seated in city of Karlsruhe, and it members are elected by the Bundesrat and Bundestag, and need a 2/3 majority in each.

===Political Parties===
====Alternative for Germany====
:''Main article: [[Alternative for Germany]]''
[[File:Photo 2024-12-31 22-29-45.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Although excluded from the [[globalist]]-controlled government after the 2025 [[election]]s, the [[AfD]] won the parliamentary elections and held the largest bloc of seats in the [[Bundestag]].]]
The Alternative for Germany (AfD), was founded in 2013 by economics professor Bernd Lucke.<ref name="Germany'sFarage">Zeronian, Sarkis (July 5, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2015/07/05/germanys-farage-becomes-leader-of-eurosceptic-alternative-for-germany-party/ ‘Germany’s Farage’ Becomes Leader Of Eurosceptic Alternative For Germany Party]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</ref> Although the party was relatively conservative and Eurosceptic (it mainly opposed the Eurozone<ref name="BBC"/>), it was a neo-liberal party that attracted middle class opponents of the [[Eurozone]].<ref name="Germany'sFarage"/> The party made several gains during this time, with seven AfD members being elected to the [[European Parliament]] in 2014.<ref name="BBC">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37274201 What does Alternative for Germany (AfD) want?]. ''BBC''. September 5, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</ref>

A power struggle within the party soon broke out, with Lucke, who wanted the party to focus on an anti-Euro policy, being opposed by Frauke Petry and her conservative, right-wing faction that emphasized law and order, immigration reductions, conservative social views, and opposition to [[Islam]].<ref name="Germany'sFarage"/> In the AfD party elections of July 2015, Petry won 68 percent of the vote, becoming the new leader of the party.<ref name="Germany'sFarage"/> The liberal Lucke subsequently left the party and formed his own.<ref name="BBC"/> Additionally, five of the party's seven MEP's left the party.<ref name="BBC"/> The AfD quickly adopted Petry's conservative, right-wing populist agenda, even though it still supported holding a referendum over the Eurozone.<ref name="BBC"/><ref name="Telegraph">Huggler, Justin (September 4, 2016). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/04/germanys-far-right-afd-unseats-angela-merkels-party-in-key-regio/ Germany's far-right AfD hands defeat to Angela Merkel's party in key regional vote]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</ref>

Under Petry's leadership, the AfD continued to grow dramatically, winning numerous seats in state parliaments.<ref name="Telegraph"/><ref name="DW">[http://www.dw.com/en/what-is-the-alternative-for-germany/a-19527050 What is the Alternative for Germany?]. ''DW''. September 5, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</ref><ref name="Wa.T.">Moulson, Geir (September 4, 2016). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/sep/4/alternative-germany-party-wins-state-election/ Anger over Merkel’s Syria refugee policy drives win for Alternative for Germany party]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</ref> The AfD formed an alliance with the [[Freedom Party of Austria]] in 2016 due to their shared Eurosceptic views.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36504307 Nationalist Austria-Germany summit held on Zugspitze summit]. ''BBC''. June 10, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</ref> Immigration is a very large issue in the party.
[[File:Joachim Paul.PNG|left|300px|thumb|]]
While the AfD was unable to gain any seats in the German national parliament in the 2013 election, it entered the Bundestag in the 2017 election after taking a historic third place with nearly 13% of the vote, while Angela Merkel's CDU received its worst result since 1949.<ref>Multiple references:
*Tomlinson, Chris (September 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/25/merkel-scores-pyrrhic-victory-populists-beat-expectations/ Merkel’s Pyrrhic Victory: Worst Party Performance Since 1949 As Populist AfD Beat Expectations]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
*Dettmer, Jamie (September 25, 2017). [https://www.voanews.com/a/germany-elections-afd/4043104.html Germany Shaken by Far-right Political Earthquake]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
*Dettmer, Jamie (September 25, 2017). [https://www.voanews.com/a/merkel-win-seen-as-inevitable/4042028.html Merkel Wins Historic Fourth Term But Far-right Populists Surge]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
*Ridgwell, Henry (September 25, 2017). [https://www.voanews.com/a/germany-far-right-reclaim-country-angela-merkel-coalition-talks/4043603.html German Far-right Pledges to 'Reclaim Country' as Merkel Begins Tough Coalition Talks]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
*Chazan, Guy (September 24, 2017). [https://www.ft.com/content/d18213e0-a105-11e7-b797-b61809486fe2 Nationalist AfD make historic breakthrough in German elections]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</ref> Despite this, Merkel continued defending her open borders policies.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/25/merkel-defends-open-borders-migrant-policy-election-shock/ Merkel Defends Open Borders Migrant Policy After Election Shock]. ''Breitbart News''. September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</ref> After the CDU and SDP formed another grand coalition government,<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/05/merkel-welcomes-german-govt-deal-handing-4th-term/ Merkel Welcomes German Govt Deal Handing Her 4th Term]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
*Karnitschnig, Matthew (March 4, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/germanys-social-democrats-endorse-grand-coalition/ Germany gets new government]. ''Politico''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> the AfD became the official opposition party.<ref>Oltermann, Philip (February 7, 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/07/germanys-rightwing-afd-gears-up-to-play-noisy-opposition-role Germany's rightwing AfD gears up to play noisy opposition role]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref>

In 2018, polling found that the AfD had the second-highest level of public support of any German party.<ref>Multiple references:
*Anderson, Emma (February 19, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/afd-surpasses-spd-for-first-time-in-german-poll/ AfD surpasses SPD for first time in German poll]. ''Politico''. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
*Deacon, Liam (February 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/02/19/poll-germany-afd-populists-second-most-popular-party/ Poll: Germany’s AfD Populists Second Most Popular Party for First Time]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
See also:
*Davis, Austin (February 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/feb/20/alternative-germany-afd-rises-angela-merkel-strugg/ Far-right Alternative for Germany rises as Merkel struggles for coalition]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
*Williams, Thomas D. (June 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/06/25/sunday-poll-german-populist-afd-party-hits-record-high-popularity/ Sunday Poll: German Populist AfD Party Hits Record High Popularity]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 25, 2018.</ref> It maintains its strongest support within the states comprising the former East Germany.

====Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU)====
:''Main article: [[Christian Democratic Union]] and [[Christian Social Union]]
An important aspect of postwar German politics was the emergence of a moderate, ecumenical Christian party—the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)--operating in alliance with a related Bavarian party, the Christian Social Union (CSU). Although each party maintains its own structure, the two form a common caucus in the Bundestag and do not run opposing campaigns. The CDU/CSU has adherents among Catholics, Protestants, rural interests, and members of all economic classes. It is generally conservative on economic and social policy and more identified with the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches.

The September 2009 elections were a major win for the conservative forces led by Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]], breaking a stalemate and opening the way for more conservative economic policies. Previously since an indecisive election in 2005 the Christian Democrats ([[CDU]]) (on the center-right) formed a "grand coalition" with the Social Democrats ([[SPD]]) (on the center-left). From 2009 to 2013 Merkel and her CDU formed a coalition with the libertarian, pro-business [[Free Democratic Party|Free Democrats]] (FDP). Left in the cold was the SPD, the [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]], and the ex-Communists who remain strong in the former East Germany under the name "[[The Left]]". Merkel moved forward on tax cuts, reform of the tax code, reduction of bureaucracy and a possible extension of the time that nuclear power plants can continue to operate.<ref>Craig Whitlock, "Germany's Merkel Reelected Easily, Will Form New Coalition," [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/27/AR2009092700631.html?nav=emailpage ''Washington Post'' Sept. 28, 2009]</ref> Merkel's program announced as she took office Oct. 28 includes $36 billion in income tax cuts, lower business taxes, and higher family benefits. The budget will be in deficit for the next four years, as the government believes the economy is too fragile for spending cuts and that more stimulus is needed to end the recession. By law the budget must be balanced by the year 2016. Nuclear power plants will be given an extension, and Merkel wants to move more of the welfare costs from corporations to households.

The CDU has the greatest base of faithful voters, but is recently struggling to maintain majorities in big cities.

====Social Democratic Party (SPD)====
''Main article:'' [[SPD]]
[[File:German party SPD.jpg|140px|right]]
The SPD is one of the oldest organized political parties in the world. It originally advocated Marxist principles, but in the 1959 Godesberg Program abandoned the concept of a "class party" while continuing to stress social welfare programs. Under the leadership of Gerhard Schroeder, the SPD-Greens government implemented in 2003 the centrist Agenda 2010 reforms, designed to modernize the country's social system and labor market. The SPD has a powerful base in the bigger cities and industrialized states.

After the FDP, the partner of the CDU, left the parliament, Merkel created a "grand coalition" with the SPD.

====Green Party====
:''Main article:'' [[Alliance '90/The Greens]]
[[File:Baerbock.PNG|right|250px|thumb|[[Annalena Baerbock]] of the Green party depicted in a Twitter meme.]]
In the late 1970s, environmentalists organized politically as the [[Green party]]. Opposition to nuclear power, military power, and certain aspects of highly industrialized society were principal campaign issues, however those core principles were abandoned when the Greens, in coalition with SPD under the Scholz regime, became the chief warmongering party of European globalists and the [[WEF]].

. In the December 1990 all-German elections, the Greens merged with the Eastern German Alliance 90, a loose grouping of civil rights activists with diverse political views. The Greens joined a federal government for the first time in 1998, forming a coalition with the SPD.

In 2012 they took advantage of the Fukushima nuclear plant disaster in Japan, allowing them to form the government of the state of Baden-Württemberg in a coalition with the SPD, which is the smaller partner this time.

====Die Linke (The Left)====

The PDS (for 'Partei des demokratischen Sozialismus'; "Party of Democratic Socialism", the renamed communist party of the former East Germany, and follow-up of the [[SED]]) and the WASG (for 'Wahlalternative Arbeit und Soziale Gerechtigkeit'; "Voting alternative work and social justice" composed of west-German leftists) merged in June 2007 to form a party simply known as "[[The Left]]." The party's foreign policy is largely shaped by its rigid opposition to foreign military deployments, for example in [[Afghanistan]], and insists on an immediate pull-out. On domestic policy, the party opposes economic and social reforms, such as Hartz IV, which aim to increase free markets and reduce unemployment benefits. The Left proposes to weaken the free market system with a new orientation to democratic socialist principles. The Left also experienced a lot of criticism due to its communist wing, the 'communist platform' which makes up 4.4% of the national vote, an insufficient total to clear the 5 percent hurdle.<ref>[http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/facts/bl_electoral_system.htm German Culture.com; Electoral System of Germany (next to last paragraph)]</ref>

====Free Democratic Party (FDP)====
:''Main article:'' [[Free Democratic Party]]
The FDP has traditionally been composed mainly of middle and upper class Protestants who consider themselves heirs to the European libertarian tradition. It supports free trade and reducing the role of the state in economic policy. It is libertarian on social issues. The party has participated in all but three postwar federal governments but had not been in federal government from 1998 to 2009.

====Other parties====

Because of the instability caused by the need for multi-party coalitions in the Weimar Republic, Germany's Basic Law today requires parties reach 5% of the vote to win seats in the Bundestag. In addition to those parties that won representation in the Bundestag in 2005, a variety of minor parties won a cumulative 2.7% of the vote, down from 3.0% in 2002. Several other parties were on the ballot in one or more states but did not qualify for representation in the federal Bundestag.

Another important party is the [[Pirate Party]] (PIRATEN).

===Principal Government Officials===
*President—Frank-Walter Steinmeier
*President of the Bundestag—Wolfgang Schäuble (CDU)
*Chancellor—[[Fritz Merz]] (CDU)
*Vice Chancellor and Minister of Finance—
*Minister of Interior—[[Horst Seehofer]] (CSU)
*Minister of Minister of Foreign Affairs—[[Johann Wadephul]]
*Minister of Economic Affairs and Energy—Peter Altmaier (CDU)
*Minister of Justice—Katarina Barley (SPD)
*Minister of Labor and Social Affairs—Hubertus Heil (SPD)
*Minister of Defense—
*Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection—Julia Klöckner (CDU)
*Minister for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth—Franziska Giffey (SPD)
*Minister of Health—Jens Spahn (CDU)
*Minister of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs—Andreas Scheuer (CSU)
*Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety—Svenja Schulze (SPD)
*Minister of Education and Research—Anja Karliczek (CDU)
*Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development—Gerd Müller (CSU)
*Head of the Federal Chancellery and Minister for Special Tasks—Helge Braun (CDU)

====Merz regime 2025 - present====
[[File:Photo 2024-11-25 12-04-58.jpg|right|300px|thumb|"Don't be afraid of [[nuclear war]]." - Friedrich Merz]]
In April 2025 [[Ukrainian Nazi]] and [[UN]] Ambassador [[Andriy Melnyk]] wrote an open letter to Chancellor-designate [[Fritz Merz]] published in ''Die Welt''.<ref>https://archive.ph/CvUQ2</ref> In the letter Melnyk requested Germany give up 30% of the Bundeswehr's equipment to the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] — including 45 Eurofighter fighters, 100 [[Leopard-2]] tanks, 300 Fuchs armored personnel carriers, dozens of helicopters, multiple launch rocket systems, and armored vehicles. And to enshrine in [[law]] the allocation of 0.5% of Germany's [[GDP]] to [[Ukraine aid|aid Ukraine]] — 86 billion euros by 2029. To convince the [[G7]] and the [[European Union]] to allocate 0.5% of GDP — 550 billion euros in aid over 4 years until 2029. To confiscate 200 billion euros of Russian assets and guarantee Ukraine's accession to [[NATO]] and the [[EU]]. And, of course, to transfer 150 [[Taurus missile]]s.
{{clear}}

===Foreign Relations===
[[File:Azov Nazis.PNG|left|300px|thumb|Germany supports the [[neo-fascist]] [[Maidan regime]].]]
As a vassal state without [[sovereignty]], Germany has submerged its entire [[foreign policy]] decision making and handed it over to the United States in matters related to war, trade, energy, industrialization, and economic growth. The Federal Republic of Germany took part in all of the joint post-World War II efforts aimed at closer political, economic, and defense cooperation among the countries of western Europe. Germany has been a large net contributor to the EU budget. Germany also is a strong supporter of the United Nations and of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).

During the postwar era, the Federal Republic of Germany also sought to improve its relationship with the countries of Central Europe freed from communism, first establishing trade agreements and, subsequently, diplomatic relations. With unification, German relations with the restored democracies in central and eastern Europe intensified. On November 14, 1990, Germany and Poland signed a treaty confirming the Oder-Neisse border. They also concluded a cooperation treaty on June 17, 1991. Germany concluded four treaties with the Soviet Union covering the overall bilateral relationship, economic relations, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the territory of the former G.D.R., and German support for those troops. Russia accepted obligations under these treaties as successor to the Soviet Union. Germany continues to be active economically in the states of central and eastern Europe and to actively support the development of democratic institutions, bilaterally and through the EU.

====Relations with the United States====

U.S.-German relations have been a focal point of American involvement in Europe since the end of World War II. Germany stands at the center of European affairs and is a key partner in U.S. relations with Europeans in NATO and the European Union.

German-American ties extend back to the colonial era. More than 7 million Germans have immigrated over the last three centuries, and today nearly a quarter of U.S. citizens claim German ancestry. In recognition of this heritage and the importance of modern-day U.S.-German ties, the U.S. President annually has proclaimed October 6, the date the first German immigrants arrived in 1623, to be "German-American Day."
[[File:Big brother is back.PNG|right|225px|thumb|March 2023 issue of ''Stern'' magazine had a picture of [[Joe Biden]] and [[Olaf Scholz]] on its front page with the inscription, "Big Brother is back, but he’s watching his own back and not that of Europe."<ref>https://gpovanman.wordpress.com/2023/03/06/big-brother-is-back/</ref>]]
U.S. policy toward Germany remains the preservation and consolidation of a close and vital relationship with Germany, not only as friends and trading partners, but also as allies sharing common institutions. During the 45 years in which Germany was divided, the U.S. role in Berlin and the large American military presence in West Germany served as symbols of the U.S. commitment to preserving peace and security in Europe. Since German unification, the U.S. commitment to these goals has not changed. The U.S. made significant reductions in its troop levels in Germany after the Cold War ended, and, on July 12, 1994, President Clinton "cased the colors" at the Berlin Brigade's deactivation ceremony. The U.S., however, continues to recognize that the security and prosperity of the United States and Germany significantly depend on each other.

As allies in NATO, the United States and Germany work side by side to maintain peace and freedom. This unity and resolve made possible the successful conclusion of the 1987 U.S.-U.S.S.R. Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), the Two-plus-Four process—which led to the Final Settlement Treaty—and the November 1990 Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty.

More recently, the two allies have cooperated closely in peacekeeping efforts in the Balkans and have worked together to encourage the evolution of open and democratic states throughout central and eastern Europe. Germany is also a strong contributor to our common effort to secure peace and stability in Afghanistan, contributing almost 3,000 troops to the NATO ISAF mission.

Following the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, DC, Germany has been a reliable U.S. ally in the campaign against terrorism. As two of the world's leading trading nations, the United States and Germany share a common, deep-seated commitment to an open and expanding world economy. Personal ties between the United States and Germany extend beyond immigration to include intensive foreign exchange programs, booming tourism in both directions, and the presence in Germany of large numbers of American military personnel and their dependents.

The United States and Germany have built a solid foundation of bilateral cooperation in a relationship that has changed significantly over nearly six decades. The historic unification of Germany and the role the United States played in that process have served to strengthen ties between the two countries.

German-American political, economic, and security relationships continue to be based on close consultation and coordination at the most senior levels. High-level visits take place frequently, and the United States and Germany cooperate actively in international forums.

In 2016, a 10-day maneuver was carried out in [[Poland]] with 31,000 NATO troops from 24 nations and thousands of tanks and other vehicles. The exercise was the first time German troops taking part crossed Poland towards Russia since the [[Operation Barbarossa|Nazi invasion of 1941]]. These moves led then German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier to accuse NATO of “saber-rattling” and “war-mongering.” Steinmeier told ''Bild am Sontag'' newspaper: "What we shouldn’t do now is inflame the situation further through saber-rattling and warmongering. Whoever believes that a symbolic tank parade on the alliance’s eastern border will bring security is mistaken. We are well-advised to not create pretexts to renew an old confrontation,” saying it would be "fatal to search only for military solutions and a policy of deterrence.”<ref>https://consortiumnews.com/2022/01/28/the-tangled-tale-of-nato-expansion-at-the-heart-of-ukraine-crisis/</ref>

=====Sleepwalking into war=====
{{See also|NATO war in Ukraine}}
60 Ukrainian soldiers arrived in Germany on May 11, 2022 to begin 40 days training on the five-man operated Howitzer 2000 artillery system. Other training centers are reportedly opened or opening, thus making Germany a proxy of Ukraine and a participant in the conflict.<ref>https://www.nairaland.com/7107300/germany-warned-role-ukraine-conflict#112461045</ref> Berlin is officially supplying weapons and training to a regime that upholds Nazi ideology.

Hans-Georg Maassen, who headed Germany’s Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Germany’s domestic security agency from 2012 to 2018, warned his fellow citizens on May 25, 2022 that Germany was “sleepwalking” into war with Russia. Maassen cited on TV Berlin’s ‘Special’ program a ruling by the [[International Court of Justice]] that the supply of weapons to one of the warring parties in a conflict makes the supplier a party to the conflict, too.

The former intelligence chief argued that, contrary to what the German media says, “Ukraine is not a bastion of human rights, of freedom, peace and Western values.” Massen was terrified by the lack of public discussion on this issue, telling viewers:
{{quotebox-float|"We are now a warring party on Ukraine’s side. Let that sink in: We are a warring party. Against Russia."<ref>https://thepressunited.com/updates/germany-sleepwalking-into-war-with-russia-former-intel-chief/</ref>}}

In early June 2022 the weekly news magazine ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' reported that Germany does not trust Ukrainian dictator [[Volodymyr Zelensky]]: “The fear that German weaponry could be sent into Russia highlights a certain distrust in Berlin of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky…And that, too, is a reason why the defense industry in Germany has not been authorized to deliver battle tanks”<ref>https://thepressunited.com/updates/germany-doesnt-trust-zelensky-der-spiegel/</ref> When a group of 21 highly-influential German academics, philosophers, journalists, artists and ex-diplomats released an open letter “[[Ceasefire]] Now!”, Ukrainian Ambassador Andrey Melnik to Germany fired back on [[Twitter]]: “What a bunch of pseudo-intellectual losers...They should go to hell with their defeatist advice."<ref>https://www.yahoo.com/news/hell-ambassador-ukraine-germany-melnyk-145405044.html</ref>
[[File:Tiergarten monument.PNG|left|250px|thumb|Monument to Soviet soldiers who captured Berlin in 1945 built from the ruins of Hitler's Reich Chancellery.]]
German foreign minister Annalena Baerbock declared that Germany and the European Union were at war with Russia during a debate at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) on January 24, 2023.<ref>https://kurtnimmo.substack.com/p/german-foreign-minister-we-are-at</ref> Germany's decision to send [[Leopard 2]] tanks to Ukraine is extremely dangerous and takes the conflict to a new level of confrontation, the Russian Embassy in Berlin responded on January 25, 2023. The embassy said Germany was abandoning its “historical responsibility to Russia” arising from [[Nazi]] [[war crimes]] in [[World War Two]]. The embassy said that the decision would escalate the conflict to a new level. “This extremely dangerous decision takes the conflict to a new level of confrontation and contradicts the statements of German politicians about the unwillingness of the Federal Republic of Germany to be drawn into it,” Ambassador Sergey Nechayev said.<ref>https://youtu.be/psl5tSj_sRo</ref>

Petr Bystron of the right-wing [[Alternative for Germany]] party said in the Bundestag, “German tanks [fighting] against Russia in Ukraine, remember, your grandfathers tried to do the same trick, together with [Ukrainian nationalists] Melnik, [[Bandera]] and their supporters. The result was immense suffering, millions of casualties on both sides and, eventually, Russian tanks came here, to Berlin. Two of those tanks remain on permanent display nearby, and you must keep this in mind when you pass them by every morning,” Bystron said, referring to the two Soviet [[T-34]] tanks at the Tiergarten memorial to fallen Soviet soldiers.<ref>https://tass.com/world/1564755</ref>

Former leader the The Left party (''[[Die Linke]]'') Oskar Lafontaine noted: “When will the warmongers of politics and journalism take it for granted?...For decades, the US has been saying that Ukraine should become its outpost to dominate the [[Eurasia]]n continent...And that's why the US has been arming Ukraine for years...And that is why the [[Rand Corporation]] already wrote in 2019: "The supply of lethal weapons by the US to Ukraine will increase the cost in blood and money for Russia"...In order to achieve its geostrategic goals, the United States has been mobilizing others to fight for them in recent years...In Europe they want to drag Germany more and more into the war...The constant supply of new weapons makes it more likely that the war will spread to Germany and Europe”.<ref>https://warnews247.gr/ystati-proeidopoiisi-gia-apofygi-polemou-germanias-rosias-oi-amerikanoi-estisan-pagida-sto-verolino/</ref>

=====Biden regime terrorist attack against Germany=====
{{See also|Nord Stream pipeline#Reaction to Biden regime terror attack}}
[[File:Nord Stream II Lubmin.jpg|right|300px|thumb|German protest against Russian sanctions and in favor of opening the Nord Stream pipeline on the morning before the U.S. environmental terrorist attack on the pipeline.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/us-blew-russian-gas-pipelines-nord-stream-1-2-says-former-polish-defense-minister</ref>]]
During the [[Donbas war]] crisis of 2022, German chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] was forced to stand mutely at his visit to the White House while Biden “promised” that he would [[unilateral]]ly shut down the [[NordStream 2]] pipeline, even though the U.S. played no role in its construction and administration. Germany, Biden effectively said, is little more than a subject of U.S. [[colonialism|colonial]] hegemony.

In 2015, ''Pipeline Technology Journal'' reported that the Swedish military discovered a remote operated vehicle (drone) rigged with explosives near the Nord Stream 2 pipeline.<ref>https://www.pipeline-journal.net/news/explosive-laden-drone-found-near-nord-stream-pipeline</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/EyKcW_OM5wo</ref>

Biden and his foreign policy team—National Security Adviser [[Jake Sullivan]], Secretary of State [[Tony Blinken]], and [[Victoria Nuland]] had been vocal and consistent in their hostility to the two pipelines, which ran side by side for 750 miles under the [[Baltic Sea]] from two different ports in northeastern Russia near the [[Estonia]]n border, passing close to the [[Danish]] island of Bornholm before ending in northern Germany.

Many Germans saw Nord Stream 1 as part of the deliverance of former Chancellor [[Willy Brandt]]’s famed ''[[Ostpolitik]]'', which would enable postwar Germany to rehabilitate itself and other European nations destroyed in [[World War II]] by, among other initiatives, utilizing cheap Russian gas to fuel a prosperous Western European market and trading economy.



Biden authorized Jake Sullivan to bring together an interagency group to come up with a plan. In December of 2021, two months before the first Russian tanks rolled into Ukraine, Sullivan convened a meeting of a newly formed task force—men and women from the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], the CIA, and the State and Treasury Departments—and asked for recommendations about how to respond to Putin’s impending invasion.


[[File:P8+HAAWC+2.jpg|left|400px|thumb|''Illustration of a HAAWC anti-sub missile delivered by a Navy [[P8 Poseidon]] subhunter.]]
Over the next several meetings, the participants debated options for an attack. The [[U.S. Navy|Navy]] proposed using a newly commissioned [[submarine]] to assault the pipeline directly. The [[Air Force]] discussed dropping bombs with delayed fuses that could be set off remotely. The [[CIA]] argued that whatever was done, it would have to be covert. Everyone involved understood the stakes. “This is not kiddie stuff,” according to a source directly familiar with the matter. If the attack were traceable to the United States, “It’s an act of [[war]].”


Throughout “all of this scheming,” the source said, “some working guys in the CIA and the [[State Department]] were saying, ‘Don’t do this. It’s stupid and will be a political nightmare if it comes out.’” Nevertheless, in early 2022, the CIA working group reported back to Sullivan’s interagency group: “We have a way to blow up the pipelines.”

On January 27, 2022 [[neocon]] provocateur Victoria Nuland stated at a [[U.S. State Department]] press briefing "one way or another Nord Stream II will not move forward."
[[File:Sikorski tweet.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Former Polish Foreign and Defense Minister and Member of the EU Parliament thanked the United States for the [[Biden regime]]'s [[environmentalism|environmental]] [[terrorism]] and Act of War against Russia and the German people.<ref>https://twitter.com/radeksikorski/status/1574800653724966915</ref>]]
What came next was stunning. On February 7, 2022 less than three weeks before the seemingly inevitable [[Special military operation|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Biden met in his White House office with German Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]], who, after some wobbling, was now firmly on the American team.<ref>[https://scheerpost.com/2025/04/26/patrick-lawrence-germany-in-crisis-part-3-a-culture-of-submission/ Patrick Lawrence: Germany in Crisis Part 3: A Culture of Submission], April 26, 2025. scheerpost.com</ref> At the press briefing that followed, Biden defiantly said, “If Russia invades . . . there will be no longer a [[Nord Stream 2]]. We will bring an end to it.”<ref>https://youtu.be/vbM7-r2VaMc</ref>

Several of those involved in planning the pipeline mission were dismayed by what they viewed as indirect references to the attack. “It was like putting an [[atomic bomb]] on the ground in [[Tokyo]] and telling the [[Japan]]ese that we are going to detonate it. The plan was for the options to be executed post invasion and not advertised publicly. Biden simply didn’t get it or ignored it.”

Biden's and Nuland's indiscretion, if that is what it was, might have frustrated some of the planners. But it also created an opportunity. According to the source, some of the senior officials of the CIA determined that blowing up the pipeline “no longer could be considered a covert option because the President just announced that we knew how to do it.”

The plan to blow up Nord Stream 1 and 2 was suddenly downgraded from a covert operation requiring that Congress be informed to one that was deemed as a highly classified intelligence operation with U.S. military support. Under the law, the source explained, “There was no longer a legal requirement to report the operation to Congress. All they had to do now is just do it—but it still had to be secret. The Russians have superlative [[surveillance]] of the Baltic Sea.”

The Agency working group members had no direct contact with the [[White House]], and were eager to find out if Biden meant what he’d said—that is, if the mission was now a go. The source recalled, “[[Bill Burns]] comes back and says, ‘Do it.’”


[[File:P8+Weapons+Release.png|left|400px|thumb|Air traffic control monitoring of P8 run on the Nordstream pipeline, early morning hours of September 26, 2022.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2023/02/independent-evidence-video-confirms-key-part-sy-hershs-report-attack-nord-stream-2/</ref>]]
On September 7, 2022 Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] said the Nord Stream II pipeline could be reopened "tomorrow" to alleviate Europe's impending winter heating fuel crisis.<ref>https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/russia-ready-to-switch-on-nord-stream-ii-pipeline-tomorrow-if-europe-gives-green-light/2678820</ref>

On September 26, 2022, a NATO P8 surveillance plane made a seemingly routine flight and made a dropped over the pipelines. Three of the four pipelines were put out of commission. Within a few minutes, pools of methane gas that remained in the shuttered pipelines could be seen spreading on the water’s surface and the world learned that something irreversible had taken place. The detachment of US Navy ships led by the amphibious assault ship USS Kearsarge announced the completion of work in the area of the sabotaged pipelines. US ships in the Baltic Sea and were spotted heading to the Baltic Straits into the North Sea.

Asked at a press conference days later about the consequences of the worsening energy crisis in Western Europe, Blinken called destruction of the pipeline a "tremendous opportunity" for the United States.<ref>https://mate.substack.com/p/in-nord-stream-attack-us-sees-a-tremendous</ref> President Putin said while speaking at Russia Energy Week in Moscow, “Those who benefit the most from the damage caused to the Nord Stream gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea are the ones responsible for it...Everybody understands who is behind this and who is the beneficiary...One can now force the liquefied natural gas from the United States on to European countries on a much larger scale."<ref>https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Putin-Suggests-Creation-Of-European-Gas-Hub-In-Turkey.html</ref> ''Politico'' reported that French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire told the French National Assembly, "We must not allow the conflict in Ukraine to result in American economic domination and a weakening of Europe...We cannot accept that our American partner sells its LNG at four times the price at which it sells it to its own companies."<ref>https://subscriber.politicopro.com/article/2022/10/frances-le-maire-warns-against-american-gas-domination-00061111</ref>

[[Victoria Nuland]] expressed satisfaction at the demise of the pipelines while testifying at a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing in January 2023.

=====Support for U.S.-backed Nazis=====
{{See also|Donbas war}}
[[File:Florence Gaub.PNG|right|250px|thumb|NATO propaganda to dehumanize Russians.]]
On February 26, 2022 Germany announced it would deliver 1,000 anti-tank weapons and 500 [[Stinger]] missiles to the [[Kyiv regime]]. The German Interior Ministry declared on March 28, 2022 that any individual who displays the letter “Z” would be liable for prosecution. The letter was displayed on Russian military vehicles during [[Operation Denazification]].<ref>https://www.npr.org/2022/03/28/1089229499/german-states-outlaw-z</ref>

Florence Gaub, deputy director of the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), which describes itself as “the Union’s agency dealing with the analysis of foreign, security and defence policy issues,” used this racist language to dehumanize Russians on April 12, 2022,
{{quotebox-float|“We should not forget, even if Russians look European, they are not European, in a cultural sense. They [Russians] think differently about violence or death. They have no concept of a [[liberal]], [[post-modern]] life, a concept of life that each individual can choose. Instead, life simply can end early with death."<ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/liberal-post-modern-life</ref>}}
60 Ukrainian soldiers arrived in Germany on May 11, 2022 to begin 40 days training on the five-man operated Howitzer 2000 artillery system. Other training centers are reportedly opened or opening, thus making Germany a proxy of Ukraine and a participant in the conflict.<ref>https://www.nairaland.com/7107300/germany-warned-role-ukraine-conflict#112461045</ref> Berlin is officially supplying weapons and training to a regime that upholds Nazi ideology.

On September 24, 2023 the German Ambassador to [[Canada]], Sabine Anne Sparwasser,<ref>[https://www.thelibertybeacon.com/german-ambassador-attended-canadian-honoring-of-wwii-nazi-berlin/GERMAN ambassador attended Canadian honoring of WWII Nazi – Berlin], September 28, 2023.</ref> stood and applauded Jaroslav Hunka during a [[fascist]] ceremony in the Canadian Parliament honoring the [[SS Galicia Division]] veteran accused of [[war crimes]] and [[genocide]] against [[Polish|Poles]], [[Jews]], Russians and others in Ukraine.<ref>[https://www.politico.eu/article/yaroslav-hunka-poland-extradite-ukrainian-ss-veteran-canada/ Poland seeks extradition of Ukrainian SS veteran who was applauded in Canada], BY CLAUDIA CHIAPPA AND KYLE DUGGAN, SEPTEMBER 26, 2023.</ref> Sparwasser's actions were a violation of German federal law.<ref>https://oopstop.com/nazi-scandal-in-canada-german-ambassador-clapped-along/</ref>

=====February 2025 elections=====
[[CDU]] leader [[Friedrich Merz]] declared on February 23, 2025 as the snap election results started streaming in that he envisages helping his country "achieve [[independence]]" from the [[US]].
{{Cquote|The interventions from [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] were no less dramatic and drastic and ultimately outrageous than the interventions we have seen from [[Moscow]]. We are under such massive pressure from two sides that my top priority is to create unity in [[Europe]]. My absolute priority will be to strengthen Europe as quickly as possible so that, step by step, we can really achieve independence from the [[USA]]. I would never have believed that I would have to say something like that on [[television]]. But at the very least, after [[Donald Trump]]'s statements last week, it is clear that the [[American]]s - at least this part of the Americans in this administration - are largely indifferent to the fate of Europe."<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/23/europe/german-election-results-cdu-afd-intl/index.html</ref>}}

=====What happens if the US provokes war with China?=====
Will German soldiers then be deployed as a [[proxy]] force in a war with China under the NATO mutual defense clause?<ref>[https://voicefromrussia.ch/en/the-world-and-society-divided-into-good-and-evil/#_edn1 The world and society divided into good and evil], Wolfgang Bittner</ref>

====Russia====
{{See also|Nord Stream 2 pipeline}}
No formal peace treaty has ever ended the war between Germany and Russia after 1945. Only a ceasefire remains in place,

NATO and the [[Biden regime]] "sleepwalked" Germany into war with Russia.

On April 10, 2023 Russian ambassador to Germany Sergey Nechaev said in an interview with ''Izvestia'', “The range of German weapons supplied to Ukraine is constantly expanding. From the deliveries of helmets, Berlin moved on to pumping the [[Kiev regime]] with modern deadly weapon systems, including heavy battle tanks, howitzers, multiple rocket launchers, and air defense guns...The German government has long crossed all possible ‘red lines’ in its effort to inflict a strategic defeat on Russia. So, we have no particular illusions."<ref>https://www.theinteldrop.org/2023/04/10/germany-fighting-russia-with-ukrainian-hands-ambassador/</ref>

In 1990, when [[Moscow]] agreed to German reunification, Russia demanded that [[Berlin]] sign a document where Germany pledged to abandon the creation of threats and dangers towards Russia in the future. In the [[NATO war in Ukraine]] Berlin violated all obligations by sending [[Ukraine]] not only German [[weapon]]s systems but also active-duty [[soldier]]s and officers by threatening Russia's [[national security]] in order to inflict a strategic defeat on [[Russia]].

According to [[American]] [[historian]] and professor at [[Georgetown University]] Mikail Kazine, the [[Russian Federation]] began to prepare the process of canceling the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, more commonly known as the Two Plus Four Agreement.

For example, if German officers launch a [[missile]] attack on [[Crimea]] or other regions of Russia using [[Taurus cruise missiles]], the Russian Federation has the legal right to demand the territory of the former [[East German]] state back as part of Moscow's [[sphere of influence]] since the German authorities violated the agreement.

=====Sanctions=====
{{See also|Great Reset}}
[[File:German food inflation.jpg|right|300px|thumb|German food inflation 9 months into [[Russia sanctions]] regime.<ref>https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/german-food-inflation-at-21-yoy-consumer-confidence-at-a-very-low-point/</ref>]]
In January 2022, Germany closed half of its six remaining nuclear power plants despite rising energy costs. Germany's lofty sustainable climate utopia goals did not include plans on how to replace the energy that was being provided by its safe, clean and reliable nuclear power plants.<ref>https://catalyst.independent.org/2022/01/28/germany-shutters-nuclear/</ref>

On June 20, 2022 Germany announced it would fire up carbon producing [[coal]] burning electrical plants once again to compensate for the U.S.-mandated loss of Russian LNG and in order to charge the growing demand for electric vehicles which were supposed to reduce carbon emissions.<ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/20/ukraine-war-germany-turns-to-coal-as-russia-throttles-gas-supplies.html</ref>

[[Hanover, Germany]] became the first major metropolitan area to try and reduce the use of natural gas by removing hot water from public buildings. Other measures include switching off public fountains and blacking out night-time lights on major buildings. The head of the Bundestag Committee on Energy and Climate, Klaus Ernst, in an article published in the ''Berliner Zeitung'' wrote, “Energy sanctions against Russia turned out to be a serious mistake! A major recession is inevitable. Threatening the energy supply of Europe’s largest economy is hara-kiri, it harms citizens and industry and does not help Ukraine in any way."<ref>https://oopstop.com/the-bundestag-called-sanctions-against-russia-hara-kiri-for-germany/</ref>

Annalena Baerbock, the Foreign Minister of the alleged "democratic" nation of Germany, speaking of the weapons that Germany has given to Ukraine to allegedly defend "democracy", said in English to a globalist conference, "If I give the promise to people in Ukraine, 'we stand with you as long as you need us', then I want to deliver, no matter what my German voters think, but I want to deliver to the people of Ukraine."<ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/german-foreign-minister-let-my-people-freeze/</ref>

German Producer Prices went from 7.9% to 45.8% in August 2022, effectively turning the country into a [[Third World]] nation, and completing the suicidal path the German government and [[Green Party]] set the country on by blindly following U.S., E.U., and NATO [[diktat]]s in the sanctions war against Russia.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/09/20/auchtung-producer-prices-in-germany-jump-7-9-percent-in-august-to-45-8-percent-highest-jump-in-prices-in-history-of-german-economy/</ref>

On September 16, 2022 Germany dispensed with [[capitalism]] and [[democracy]] when it seized the private assets of [[Rosneft]].<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/09/16/panicked-germany-seizes-russian-energy-company-rosneft-uses-national-trusteeship-to-control-oil-refinery-the-current-economic-outlook-of-europe-full-state-control-of-critical-energy-production/</ref>

=====Russophobia=====
[[File:Save the Leopards.PNG|right|300px|thumb|]]
{{See also|Russophobia}}
The German Interior Ministry declared on March 28, 2022 that any individual who displays the letter “Z” would be liable for prosecution. The letter was displayed on Russian military vehicles during [[Operation Denazification]] that began on February 24, 2022.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2022/03/28/1089229499/german-states-outlaw-z</ref>

====Relations with Ukraine====
In November 2018 former Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]] was added to the [[Ukrainian Nazi kill list]] after he said the [[Crimean annexation]] is "a reality that must one day be recognized". Schroeder was accused of "anti-Ukrainian propaganda" and attempting to justify "Russian aggression against Ukraine."<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 15, 2018 |title=Gerhard Schröder labeled 'enemy of the state' in Ukraine |url=https://www.dw.com/en/gerhard-schr%C3%B6der-labeled-enemy-of-the-state-in-ukraine/a-46319939 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |quote=}}</ref> A spokeswoman of the German Federal Foreign Office protested against the provocation and asked the [[Maidan regime]] to delete the website.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2018 |title=Germany Calls On Kyiv To Remove 'Enemy Of The State' Website After Schroeder Listed |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/germany-calls-kyiv-remove-enemy-of-the-state-list-mirotvorez-peacemaker-website-after-schroeder-listed/29603746.html |access-date= |website=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]] |language=en}}</ref> No action was taken.

====Afghanistan====
{{See also|Rape of Afghanistan|Biden junta}}
[[File:KabulHasFallen.png|right|300px|thumb|]]
Germany contributed troops to the NATO-led ISAF operation in [[Afghanistan]]. [[Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) leader [[Armin Laschet]], who is possibly Angela Merkel successor, called the [[Biden regime]]'s unilateral decision to pull out of Afghanistan without consulting allies "the biggest debacle that NATO has suffered since its creation and it's a change of era that we are confronted with." Norbert Röttgen, chairman of the Bundestag foreign relations committee said, “I say this with a heavy heart and with horror over what is happening, but the early withdrawal was a serious and far-reaching miscalculation... This does fundamental damage to the [[political]] and [[moral]] credibility of [[the West]].” Chancellor Angela Merkel said, “For those who believed in [[democracy]] and [[freedom]], especially for [[women]], these are bitter events."<ref>https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/afghanistan-laschet-taliban-1.5382865</ref>

According to ''Deutsche Welle'' (DW), [[Taliban]] terrorists murdered a family member of a Deutsche Welle journalist and seriously injured another during a shooting as they tried to track down the journalist.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/breaking-some-americans-were-beaten-throughout-the-night-in-afghanistan-by-taliban-reporter-says</ref> The Taliban conducted an organized search for journalists in Kabul and in the provinces. Other relatives had been able to escape at the last second and were on the run. The homes of at least three DW journalists were searched by the Taliban. Colleagues from other media were kidnapped or killed.

[[Christian Social Union]] (CSU} leader Markus Söder made accusations against the German government and the EU in connection with the situation in Afghanistan. "Overall, the federal government does not give a strong picture in this situation," The EU, for its part, is largely "speechless". There are attempts to blame each other between the Federal Foreign Office, intelligence organizations and other ministries, Söder said. "We do not believe that this results in a particularly sovereign external effect if the German government gives the impression that questions of responsibility are discussed afterwards. That's not enough! It's not enough to just say, 'Sorry, we misjudged ourselves.'..." Overall, Afghanistan is the biggest setback for Western efforts in the world since Vietnam, said Söder. "The results in Afghanistan are a heavy defeat for the West." It must also be clear that the [[USA]] must bear the main responsibility - the decision to rush troop withdrawal was made there.<ref>https://www.tellerreport.com/news/2021-08-19-csu-chief-on-afghanistan--s%C3%B6der-wants-to-keep-the-refugee-issue-out-of-the-election-campaign.H1wDkCpsxK.html</ref>

Interior Minister Horst Seehofer warned of an influx of refugees from Afghanistan, suggesting between 300,000 and five million people could head to Europe.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58256696</ref>

====Libya====
{{See also|Libyan war|Obama war crimes}}
Germany’s Defense Minister Thomas de Maziere criticized NATO’s military operation in Libya and lack of foresight when it comes to intervening in the [[North Africa]]n country.<ref>http://2012indyinfo.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/presstv-germany-slams-nato-mission-in-libya/</ref>

==Military==
[[File:Ketystone Kops 3.PNG|right|300px|thumb|[[Keystone Kops]]: While training for [[war]] against the [[Russia#Military_Doctrine|Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]], the German army accidentally shot at local [[police]] who returned fire and shot one soldier.<ref>https://t.me/wartimedia/108353</ref>]]
U.S. occupied Germany has 231 of America's 749 foreign military bases - the most of any single country outside the United States.<ref>https://theduran.com/germany-will-now-need-to-reverse-its-war-against-russia-policies/</ref>

The German government launched a national biosafety programme independent of Washington, D.C., starting in 2013. Twelve countries, including Ukraine, are involved in the Programme.

On the German side, the programme involves the Institute for Armed Forces Microbiology (Munich), the Robert Koch Institute (Berlin), the Loeffler Institute (Greifswald) and the Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (Hamburg).

New documents reveal that between 2016 and 2019 alone, three and a half thousand blood serum samples of citizens living in 25 regions of Ukraine were taken by military epidemiologists from the Bundeswehr Microbiology Institute.

The involvement of institutions subordinate to the Bundeswehr confirms the military orientation of biological research carried out in Ukrainian laboratories and raises questions about the goals pursued by the German armed forces in collecting biomaterials of Ukrainian citizens.<ref>https://telegra.ph/Briefing-on-the-results-of-the-analysis-of-documents-related-to-the-military-biological-activities-of-the-United-States-on-the-t-05-11</ref>

In November 2022 former minister president of the Saarland Oskar Lafontaine and leader of the [[SPD]] demanded the closure of all American military bases in Germany and proposed forgoing a separate military alliance with France apart from NATO after the American attack and destruction of German civilian infrastructure on the [[Nordstream]] pipeline, and America's [[proxy war]] against Russia in Ukraine.<ref>https://deutsche-wirtschafts-nachrichten.de/512679/Lafontaine-gegen-Biden-Die-USA-und-ihre-westlichen-Vasallen-samt-ihrer-Propaganda-Medien-sind-nicht-zum-Frieden-faehig</ref>

Büchel Airbase (''Fliegerhorst Büchel'') is home of the Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33 (TaktLwG 33) of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) and the 702 Munition Support Squadron (702 MUNSS) of the [[United States Air Force]] (USAF). Since 1985, the TaktLwG 33 operates Panavia Tornado airplanes, which are capable of delivering the twenty B61 [[nuclear bomb]]s, which are stored and maintained by the 702 MUNSS of the USAF. Under the NATO nuclear sharing arrangement, these twenty B61 bombs require a dual key system, with the simultaneous authorizations of Germany and the United States, before any action is taken. Since July 2007, the airbase has been the only location in Germany with nuclear weapons.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/0,1518,493451,00.html Bericht in Spiegel Online vom 9. Juli 2007]</ref>

===Biological weapons research===
According to Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson [[Maria Zakharova]] as told to [[RT]]:<ref>https://www.rt.com/russia/553975-germany-military-biological-ukraine-zakharova/</ref>
[[File:1-Russia-Ukraine-Biolabs.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Locations of Western biological laboratories in Ukraine.]]
[[File:Panzerfaust 3.png|right|300px|thumb|Panzerfaust 3 supplied by Germany to partisan militia groups in Ukraine.]]
{{quotebox-float|"Germany, alongside the United States, had been conducting vigorous military biological activities in [[Ukraine]] for many years and, possibly, continues to do so.... Since 2013, under the auspices of the German Federal Foreign Office, the German Government has been implementing the German Biosecurity Programme (GBP) which includes partnership projects with government agencies and research organisations in focus countries, which Ukraine became part of in 2014, the year of [[Maidan]]. German specialists from the Institute of Microbiology of the German Armed Forces (Munich), Friedrich Loeffler Institute (Greifswald-Riems Island), Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (Hamburg) and the Robert Koch Institute (Berlin), which specialise in research of deadly biological agents, are engaged in practical activities....

The Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine in [[Kharkov]] has been the Institute of Microbiology of the German Armed Forces’ main Ukrainian counterparty since 2016, which we know from its own data. The two institutes cooperate under the Ukrainian-German project titled “Initiative on Biological Safety and Biological Defence in the Management of the Zoonotic Risks at the Outer Borders of the European Union.” The fact that its official goal is to “improve the biological defence and security situation” in Ukraine, “particularly in the east of the country” gives rise to the rhetorical question of which border the German military biologists consider an outer border for the purposes of their professional interests. Is it the Russian-Ukrainian border?

The Institute of Microbiology claims in its materials that the project is related to the “potential threat of biological terrorism” in Ukraine amid the unending hostilities in [[Donbas|eastern regions]] of that country. It is crystal clear that this is a way to send a subtle message about the [[DPR]] and [[LPR]]’s possible “involvement” in hatching plans for the use of internationally prohibited biological weapons. In so doing, the German military have been deliberately intimidating their Ukrainian counterparts for a long time and have, in fact, been psychologically pitting them against the Donbass republics. Ukrainian biological safety experts invariably participate in the medical biodefence conferences that are regularly held by the Institute of Microbiology of the German Armed Forces.

Obviously, to ensure protection against a potential biological attack, it is first necessary to study the potential biological agents with which it can be made. In other words, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of [[WMD|biological or chemical weapons]]. The Armed Forces of Germany (AFG) have enough knowledge and practical skills in this area, as was demonstrated by the scandalous incident with the mysterious poisoning of blogger Alexey Navalny. Specialists from the AFG Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – a military institution allied with the AFG Institute of Microbiology – supposedly very quickly detected in the body of the Russian citizen traces of some military toxin that NATO lists in the Novichok family. Such a high level of expertise – if, of course, all statements were factually accurate – suggests that the AFG is able to synthesise toxic substances independently, including the notorious Novichok and its markers.

Germany’s Friedrich Loeffler Institute that is in charge of the centre for the study of the most dangerous viruses and zoonotic infections on the Baltic Island of Riems, maintains active cooperation with the Ukrainian State Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary-Sanitary Expertise ([[Kiev]]), the State Scientific Control Institute of Bio-Technology and Strains of Microorganisms (Kiev) and also with the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine (Kharkov) that cooperates in parallel with the AFG Institute of Microbiology. In Ukraine, the Friedrich Loeffler Institute has focused on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Soviet scientists discovered it for the first time on the territory of Russian Crimea in 1944. There is documented evidence that the institute commissioned its Ukrainian partners to collect samples of ectoparasite recipients of bats that were transferred to the afore-mentioned Reims Island under the existing agreements.

The Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine has concentrated its activities in Ukraine on extremely dangerous fevers – Dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile and Usutu, to name a few.

This information on Germany’s bio-military activities in Ukraine is far from exhaustive. It cannot be ruled out that, as the special military operation progresses, additional documents will be discovered by the Russian Armed Forces. According to confirmed reports, Germany closely coordinated its work on biological security with its American allies that established a network of at least 30 biological laboratories in Ukraine. In addition to their other activities, they were involved in dangerous research.}}

===14/88===
{{See also|Fourteen words}}
[[File:Azov 1488.PNG|thumb|300px|right|Graffiti from within the [[Azovstal]] steel plant, the last hold out of the [[NATO]]-backed neo-Nazi [[Azov Battalion]].<ref>https://youtu.be/JWbb1GDmtVE</ref>]]
In January 2023, after pressure from the United States, Germany agreed to send 14 Leopard 2<ref>https://www.firstpost.com/world/germany-approves-delivery-of-14-leopard-2-tanks-to-ukraine-12047882.html</ref> and 88 Leopard 1<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-send-leopard-tanks-ukraine-russia-war-rheinmetall/</ref> tanks to Ukraine. [[14/88]], according to the [[Anti-Defamation League]] is the combination of two popular [[white supremacist]] numeric symbols. The first symbol is 14, which is shorthand for the 14 word slogan, "We must secure the existence of our people and the future for white children." The second is 88, which stands for "Heil Hitler," "H" being the eighth letter of the alphabet. Together the numbers form a general endorsement of white supremacy and its beliefs. As such, they are ubiquitous within the white supremacist movement as [[graffiti]], graphics, and [[tattoo]]s, even in screen names and email addresses, and now in the quantities of tanks Germany is sending to Ukraine.<ref>https://www.adl.org/resources/hate-symbol/1488</ref>

The Federal Republic of Germany, the successor regime of [[Nazi Germany]], is sending 14 and 88 of two different models of its Leopard tank to Ukraine. Ukraine's military, which includes a significant component of actual Nazis will use the tanks on the battlefield against Russia. Analysts noted that the NATO powers understand full well the significance of 1488, and Germany even has laws against open display of any sort of Nazi symbols. NATO could have added or subtracted one tank. For this reason, Russia is unlikely to [[negotiate]] with the current Western leadership or stop its special operation until its Denazification process is completed.<ref>https://youtu.be/lt0iLMoG7XU?t=1556</ref>

===Reaction to Trump proposals===
In February 2025 German Defense Minister [[Boris Pistorius]], a member of the [[leftwing]] [[Social Democratic Party]], spoke out against US [[President Donald Trump]]'s proposal to increase defense spending to 5% of Germany's GDP in an interview with the Tagesspiegel newspaper:<ref>https://t.me/sonar_21/17045</ref>
{{Cquote|5% of our [[GDP]] would correspond to 42% of the federal budget - that's almost every second [[euro]] that the German government spends, or 230 billion euros. We couldn't afford that and we couldn't spend that much money.}}

===Remilitarization===
In early 2026 [[Ukraine]] canceled orders for HX-2 loitering munitions drone from the German company Helsing. The decision followed a series of combat effectiveness tests conducted by Ukraine's 1st UAV Center. According to an internal German Defense Ministry presentation from November 2025, the HX-2 experienced difficulties during takeoff and lacked several advertised [[artificial intelligence]]-based functions. A significant vulnerability to [[electronic warfare]] was separately noted, with its electronics poorly adapted to operate in heavy jamming environments.

Similar issues had previously been reported with another Helsing munition, the HF-1—a modified version of the Terminal Autonomy AQ-100. It also demonstrated poor performance in Ukrainian conditions. Only half of the 4,000 ordered HF-1 units were delivered, with approximately 40% of those remaining unused in warehouses. The remainder of the HF-1 contract was redirected to the HX-2. However, these munitions likewise proved ineffective, essentially transferring the problems from one model to another.<ref>https://archive.ph/d8bxw</ref>

Failures of [[Western alliance|Western]] [[drone]]s in Ukraine are not uncommon. Ukrainian sources regularly complain about their poor performance. Ukraine's [[SBU]] security service also halted the use of Altius loitering munitions from the [[American]] company Anduril due to unreliable operation. In practice, nearly all Western-produced loitering munitions, including American [[Switchblade]]s, have proven to be of limited utility in real [[combat]]. While isolated models still show questionable effectiveness, the overall result appears disappointing.

==Economy==
{{See also|Russian sanctions|Great Reset}}
[[File:German manufacturing July 2023.PNG|right|300px|thumb|One year into Russian sanctions, German manufacturing approached the lows seen in the [[2008 financial crash]] and the 2020 [[covid lockdown]]s.]]
Germany was the world's fourth-largest economy and was the largest economy in Europe prior to the [[NATO proxy war against Russia]]. With the backfiring and failure of the [[collective West]]'s [[Russian sanctions]], the [[Russian Federation]] moved into fourth place and supplanted Germany as the largest economy in Europe.

By 2025. Germany was in a troublesome economic place as a result of (1) former [[leftist]] Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] alignment with [[climate change]] policy, radically changing the German [[energy]] base and driving up costs; (2) [[Ukraine aid]]; (3) the financial burden of mass [[African]] and [[Middle East]]ern [[immigration]], and (4) [[Trump tariffs]] that effectively ending the post-[[World War II]] [[Marshall Plan]].

The German Federal Statistical Office confirmed that [[GDP]] contracted by 0.2% 2% in 2024 following a 0.3% decline in 2023. This means Germany's economy is now only 0.3% bigger than it was in 2019. Essentially 5 years of zero growth. Compared to the [[European Union]] average growth of 9.5% since 2017 while Germany managed a pathetic 1.6%.

[[Goldman Sachs]] projects Germany will expand by only 0.3% in 2025, compared to 0.8% for the Euro zone and 1.2% for the [[UK]]. [[Industrial]] output in Germany has fallen to just 90% of its 2015 levels by 2024. Meanwhile, [[Poland]], once has surged to 152% of its 2015 industrial output over the same period. According to the German Chamber of Industry and Commerce, 45% of energy intensive companies are now considering production cuts or relocating abroad, up from just 25% in 2022.

Germany's automotive sector along the backbone of its export economy is in freefall. [[Car]] production in Germany fell by more than 25% between 2017 and 2023. German giants like [[Volkswagen]] and [[BMW]] are being out-competed by Chinese manufacturers like BYD and Neo were flooding European markets with cheaper, better [[electric vehicle]]s.

The deliberate severance of [[energy]] ties with [[Russia]] wasn't just about [[Ukraine]]. This was Germany voluntarily destroying the very foundation of its industrial competitiveness. For decades, cheap Russian energy made German manufacturing globally competitive. [[Natural gas]] from Russia didn't just power German factories, it powered the entire German economic model. When Germany chose to cut itself off from the Russian energy source, it committed economic suicide.

After the 2022 gas crisis, Germany's already high energy prices went up further, making German manufacturing uncompetitive virtually overnight. Energy intensive industries, which formed the backbone of German manufacturing, suddenly found themselves unable to compete with manufacturers in countries with cheaper energy. This was a deliberate choice. German [[policymaker]]s knew that cutting off Russian energy would devastate their economy. But they chose to prioritize short-term [[geopolitical]] goals over long-term economic [[sovereignty]].

The self-imposed energy isolation from Russia has weakened not just Germany but the entire [[Western alliance]] by demonstrating that [[economic sanctions]] can be more damaging to the sanctioning country than the target country.

==History==
[[File:Germany 1945.jpg|300px|thumb|Territorial changes of Germany after 1945.]]
See [[German History]]

German History covers the history of the Germanic peoples from ancient times to modern times, and the history of Germany and its predecessor states.

The emergence of Germany as a nation in its own right came later than for most European powers. The German-speaking areas of Europe had historically been parts of diverse other nations, among them [[Prussia]], [[Austria]], and the [[Holy Roman Empire]], along with numerous smaller principalities.
{{clear}}

== Sports ==
[[File:Sunken Village by Timm Ulrichs Munich.JPG|thumb|Architectural sculpture "Sunken Village" by Timm Ulrichs, and in the back Allianz Arena, Munich.]]
[[Association Football]] is the most popular sport by far, followed by [[Team Handball]] (not to be confused with [[American handball]]). Basketball and (ice) hockey play a minor role, whereas baseball and American football are, despite being organized, hardly being noticed by the general public.

The most popular non-sport games are [[chess]] and [[skat]], both being organized in [[bundesligas]].

Germany was the winner of the 2014 [[FIFA World Cup]].

==The states (Bundesländer) and their capitals==
[[File:Frankfurt skyline.jpg|thumb|300px|Frankfurt am Main, Hesse.]]
(In alphabetical order)
* [[Baden-Wuerttemberg]]: [[Stuttgart]]
* [[Bavaria]] (''Bayern''): [[München]]
* [[Berlin]]: [[Berlin]]
* [[Brandenburg]]: [[Potsdam]]
* [[Bremen]]: [[Bremen]]
* [[Hamburg]]: [[Hamburg]]
* [[Hesse]] (''Hessen''): [[Wiesbaden]]
* [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]: [[Schwerin]]
* [[Lower Saxony]] (''Niedersachsen''): [[Hannover]]
* [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] (''Nordrhein-Westfalen''): [[Düsseldorf]]
* [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] (''Rheinland-Pfalz''): [[Mainz]]
* [[Saarland]]: [[Saarbrücken]]
* [[Saxony]] (''Sachsen''): [[Dresden]]
* [[Saxony-Anhalt]] (''Sachsen-Anhalt''): [[Magdeburg]]
* [[Sleswick-Holsatia]] (''Schleswig-Holstein''): [[Kiel]]
* [[Thuringia]] (''Thüringen''): [[Erfurt]]

==Famous Germans==
{|
|-
|
*[[Konrad Adenauer]]
*[[Hannah Arendt]]
*[[Johann Sebastian Bach]]
*[[Pope Benedict XVI]]
*[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]
*[[Otto von Bismarck]]
*[[Heinrich Böll]]
*[[Willy Brandt]]
*[[Wernher von Braun]]
*[[Bertolt Brecht]]
*[[Marlene Dietrich]]
*[[Albrecht Dürer]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Friedrich Engels]]
|
*[[Joseph Goebbels]]
*[[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]
*[[Hermann Göring]]
*[[Günter Grass]]
*[[Johannes Gutenberg]]
*[[Georg Friedrich Händel]]
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]
*[[Heinrich Himmler]]
*[[Adolf Hitler]]
*[[Henry Kissinger]]
*[[Helmut Kohl]]
*[[Karl Liebknecht]]
*[[Martin Luther]]
|
*[[Rosa Luxemburg]]
*[[Thomas Mann]]
*[[Karl Marx]]
*Angela Merkel
*[[Nena]]
*[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]
*[[Erwin Rommel]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]]
*[[Friedrich Schiller]]
*[[Gerhard Schröder]]
*[[Heinrich Schliemann]]
*[[Michael Schumacher]]
*[[Richard Wagner]]
|}

==See also==

<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
*[[German Painting]]
*[[Gallery of German Masterpieces]]
*[[Bavaria]]
*[[Prussia]]
*[[Refugee]]s
*[[Dexit]]

</div>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

 
===Sources===
* source: [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3997.htm US State Department Country Study]

== External links ==
*[http://www.justgermany.org/germany/germany-facts.asp Germany Basic Facts.]
*[https://ddr-luftwaffe.blogspot.com/2008/06/reperation-deutschlands-nach-dem-2.html# Reparations of Germany after the 2nd World War], June 18, 2008. ddr-luftwaffe.blogspot.com
*[https://sonar21.com/eu-sanctions-german-journalists/?jetpack_skip_subscription_popup EU sanctions German journalists], 25 May 2025 by Peter Haenseler
{{European Union}}

[[Category:German History]]
[[Category:Germany]]
[[Category:NATO Members]][[Category:Russia-Ukraine War]]
[[Category:Christian-Majority Countries]]

User:BerniMento

2026-09-09T20:56:38Z

BerniMento: r

Hello, I'm Bernie Coolidge! I was looking through this site and noticed some spelling errors, likely due to the stress of maintaining a whole wiki. I can't imagine how hard that must be, so I strive to make the contributors' lives just a bit easier!

Pennsylvania

2026-09-09T20:54:43Z

BerniMento: spelling corrections (e.g. Democratsa->Democrats, Statrf->Stated)

{{USState
|name=Pennsylvania
|flag=Flag of Pennsylvania.png
|motto="Virtue, Liberty, and Independence"
|nick=The Keystone State
|capital=Harrisburg
|language=None
|governor=Josh Shapiro
|gparty=Democrat
|senator1=Dave McCormick
|s1party=Republican
|s1phone=
|s1email=
|senator2=John Fetterman
|s2party=Democrat
|s2phone=(202) 224-4254
|s2email=
|population=12,815,000 (2020)
|date=December 12, 1787 (2nd)
}}
[[File:Matthew S. Quay LOC picture.png|thumb|right|220px|[[Matthew S. Quay]], a powerful Pennsylvania machine boss.]]
'''Pennsylvania''', which means "[[William Penn|Penn]]'s woods" or "Penn's land," was one of the original thirteen colonies in the [[United States]].<ref>Its capital is [[Harrisburg]] and it borders [[Ohio]], [[Maryland]], [[New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Delaware]], and [[West Virginia]].</ref> In 2016 [[Republican]] [[Donald Trump]] carried the state by 44,000 votes with his message of "Make America Great Again" along with his criticism of [[free trade]] and illegal [[immigration]]. In 2020, Trump won by a landslide among in-person voters, but more than 2 million (out of 2.7 million total) mailed-in votes without the statutorily required signature verification were counted in favor of [[Biden]], and he was declared the winner in a disputed outcome.<ref>"The Pennsylvania Secretary of State reported that 2,704,147 mail ballots were cast in the 2020 presidential elections, which was about 39 percent of the total ballots cast statewide." [https://electionlab.mit.edu/articles/how-many-naked-ballots-were-cast-pennsylvanias-2020-general-election MIT election lab citing the PA Secretary of State for the 2.7 million total number of mailed-in ballots] An overwhelming percentage of the counted mailed-in ballots were cast, but someone if not the voter, for [[Biden]].</ref> Biden reportedly prevailed in only 13 out of Pennsylvania's 67 counties in 2020.

The reported vote in 2020 in Pennsylvania was:
*[[Biden]]: 3,458,229 (50.01%)
*[[Trump]]: 3,377,674 (48.84%)

Roughly 1 in 10 Pennsylvanians are farmers,<ref>https://www.pa.gov/en/agencies/pda/about-pda.html#:~:text=Pennsylvania%20agriculture%20contributes%20%24132.5%20billion,in%2010%20jobs%20in%20Pennsylvania.</ref> which is also the national average. Higher education is one of the biggest industries in this state, which makes it more [[liberal]] than its neighbors of [[West Virginia]] and [[Ohio]].

In 2022, Pennsylvania was a [[battleground state]] for control of the [[U.S. Senate]], as [[Republican]] [[Mehmet Oz|Dr. Oz]] lost to [[Leftist]] [[Dem]] John Fetterman for the seat held by retiring Republican [[Pat Toomey]] (who had won narrowly in 2016 based on Trump's coattails). Again overuse of mail-in voting with unverified signatures by the [[Dem]] political machine provided the margin of victory.

The state Constitution of Pennsylvania, like all of the other 50 states, acknowledges God or our Creator or the ''Sovereign Ruler of the Universe''. It says:
:''WE, the people of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of civil and religious liberty, and humbly invoking His guidance, do ordain and establish this Constitution.''

==Politics==

Pennsylvania is a [[purple state]], it voted Democrat in presidential elections since 1992. It swung to red in 2016 when [[Donald Trump]] won. The Pennsylvania State Senate consists of 30 Republicans and 20 Democrats. The State House has 112 Republicans and 90 Democrats. Republicans also have a 12-7 edge in Pennsylvania's federal House delegation.

===Elected Officials===
====Statewide====
:{{See also|Democrat election fraud}}
*Governor [[Josh Shapiro]] (D)
*Lt. Governor [[Austin Davis]] (D)
*Secretary of the Commonwealth [[Al Schmidt]] (D)
*Attorney General [[Dave Sunday]] [R]
*Auditor General [[Timothy DeFoor]] [R]
*State Treasurer [[Stacy Garrity]] [R]

====Federal====
*Sen. [[John Fetterman]] (D)
*Sen. [[Dave McCormick]] (R)
*Rep. [[Brian Fitzpatrick]] [R, PA–01]
*Rep. [[Brendan Boyle]] [D, PA–02]
*Rep. [[Dwight Evans]] [D, PA–03]
*Rep. [[Madeleine Dean]] [D, PA–04]
*Rep. [[Mary Gay Scanlon]] [D, PA–05]
*Rep. [[Chrissy Houlahan]] [D, PA–06]
*Rep. [[Ryan McKenzie]] [R, PA–07]
*Rep. [[Rob Bresnahan]] [R, PA–08]
*Rep. [[Dan Meuser]] [R, PA–09]
*Rep. [[Scott Perry]] [R, PA–10]
*Rep. [[Lloyd Smucker]] [R, PA–11]
*Rep. [[Summer Lee]] [D, PA–12]
*Rep. [[John Joyce]] [R, PA–13]
*Rep. [[Guy Reschenthaler]] [R, PA–14]
*Rep. [[Glenn Thompson]] [R, PA–15]
*Rep. [[Mike Kelly]] [R, PA–16]
*Rep. [[Chris Deluzio]] [D, PA–17]

===2020 election fraud===
[[File:Pennsylvania-740x740.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching.]]
:{{See also|Pennsylvania election fraud|Biden Putsch}}
The Pennsylvania state legislature decided Election Day ends at 8 PM on November 3, 2020 election night. Rogue Democrat governor Tom Wolf circumvented the state legislature and took the fight to the state supreme court. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court created law out of thin air and extended the deadline for mail-in ballots to November 6. The case then was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

[[Democrat]] operative [[Kathy Boockvar]], who simultaneously was serving as Pennsylvania Secretary of Commonwealth in charge of elections, told the [[United States Supreme Court]] on October 28, 2020 that ballots received after 8 p.m. on November 3, 2020 would be segregated, but she changed the rules on November 1 and directed counties to canvass those ballots as soon as possible upon receipt. In some counties, it is not possible to both segregate and canvass ballots as directed. This directive leaves open the possibility that timely votes will be commingled with votes received after 8 p.m. on Election Day, despite the fact that these votes remain the subject of litigation before the United States Supreme Court.

The Department changed the rules again on November 2, 2020 when they provided last-second guidance directing counties to provide information to help voters whose mail-in or absentee ballots were incorrectly completed so those voters could vote on a provisional ballot. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties – some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not. There is no basis for this guidance in current law. The Secretary created this new process out of thin air.

At 8:38 p.m. on Monday, November 2 – less than 12 hours before the polls were to open – the Department issued an email to counties directing them to provide information to political party and candidate representatives regarding mail-in and absentee ballots which had been set aside because they failed to comply with the requirements of the Election Code in order to be counted, so that voters could come in and vote provisionally at the polls. The late release of this “guidance” resulted in inconsistent application across the counties, some of whom contacted voters as directed and some who did not; such differential treatment is wholly inappropriate and a direct result of Boockvar’s scattershot approach to Pennsylvania’s elections.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/04/pennsylvania-republican-senators-call-on-pa-secretary-of-state-to-resign/</ref><ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/xUWA4CqzQ6pN/</ref>

Trump led by almost 800,000 votes on election night after most Americans headed to bed. Over the course of the next 72 hours, President Trump’s lead shrunk to less than a 95,000 vote lead in the keystone state, and then Joe Biden took the lead. Batches of votes started flowing into the final tally, mostly in favor of Joe Biden. [[Five Thirty Eight]] reported that “Two more batches of Pennsylvania vote were reported: 23,277 votes in Philadelphia, all for Biden."

The Pennsylvania Appeals Court issued an order that said
{{quotebox-float|“effective immediately … all candidates, watchers, or candidate representatives [shall] be permitted to be present for the canvassing process … and be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet, while adhering to all COVID-19 protocols, including, wearing masks and maintaining social distancing.”<ref>https://twitter.com/ZoeTillman/status/1324376367916605447</ref>}}
[[Philadelphia]] Democrat election officials refused to comply with the order,<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/11/03/the-steal-is-on-in-pennsylvania-poll-watchers-denied-access-illegal-campaigning-at-polling-locations/</ref><ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/gop-poll-watchers-are-denied-access-in-philadelphia</ref> and the Democrat [[Sheriff]], a Biden supporter, refused to enforce the Appeals Court order.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/what-are-you-hiding-trump-campaign-says-philly-sheriff-wont-enforce-order-allowing-gop-observers/</ref>

The Trump campaign then filed a lawsuit in [[federal]] district court claiming that the Board of Elections is “nonetheless continuing to count ballots, without any observations by any representatives or poll watchers of President Trump and the Republican Party.”<ref>https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/7325351/11-5-20-Trump-Campaign-v-Philadelphia-Board-of.pdf</ref>

115% of Pennsylvania registered Democrats voted for Biden. Biden received 1.24 to 1.43 times greater than either [[Hillary Clinton]] or [[Barack Obama]] in predominant Republican counties.<ref>https://twitter.com/RaheemKassam/status/1325193658170134531</ref>

Another way to track fraudulent votes is to look closely at how many of the votes did little or no down-ticket voting. When manufacturing votes, it is too time consuming to vote for other officeholders.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/politics/pennsylvania-vote-anomalies/</ref>

A lawsuit filed by the Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) alleges that there are at least 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls. The lawsuit claims that Pennsylvania failed to “reasonably maintain” their voter registration records under federal and state law in time for the 2020 presidential election. The lawsuit states:
{{quotebox-float|“As of October 7, 2020, at least 9,212 registrants have been dead for at least five years, at least 1,990 registrants have been dead for at least ten years, and at least 197 registrants have been dead for at least twenty years."<ref>https://theredelephants.com/there-is-undeniable-mathematical-evidence-the-election-is-being-stolen/</ref>}}
[[File:Penn-stolen-switched--360x188.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Millions of viewers witnessed in real time on [[CNN]] nearly 20,000 votes switched from trump to Biden in a matter of seconds.]]
According to the lawsuit, about 92 percent of the 21,000 dead people on Pennsylvania’s voter rolls died sometime before October 2019. About 216 dead people show voting credits after federally listed dates of death in 2016 and 2018, the lawsuit alleges.

Republican candidates and officials also filed a lawsuit challenging Montgomery county officials’ decision to notify voters whose ballots are defective and giving them a chance to “cure” the defects—something not authorized under state law.failing to maintain accurate voter rolls and remove individuals who have died, moved out of state, or otherwise become ineligible to vote.<ref>https://www.heritage.org/crime-and-justice/commentary/what-know-about-litigation-being-waged-across-us-preserve-trump</ref>

Tyler O'Neil of ''PJMedia'' reported Boockvar was sued by the [[2020 Trump campaign]] following massive allegations of widespread voter fraud after the 2020 Presidential election, accusing Boockvar and county elections boards throughout the state of violating the [[U.S. Constitution]] by unilaterally revising the [[law]] in a manner that deprives some [[voter]]s of their rights to a free and fair [[election]]. The lawsuit brought no fewer than seven counts against Boockvar and the county election officials, claiming that they violated the [[Fourteenth Amendment]] to the Constitution and the [[United States Constitution:Article I|Electors and Elections Clauses of Article I]] in the Constitution. In broad strokes, the lawsuit accuses the defendants of unilaterally making law on elections, depriving the [[legislature]] of its rights, and of denying voters and the Trump campaign [[equal protection]] under the law. <ref>https://pjmedia.com/election/tyler-o-neil/2020/11/10/10-reasons-pennsylvanias-election-results-may-be-irredeemably-compromised-n1136044</ref>
{{quotebox-float|“In a rush to count mail ballots and ensure Democrat Joe Biden is elected, Pennsylvania has created an illegal two-tiered voting system for the 2020 General Election, devaluing in-person votes.”

“For voters that appeared at the polls, those citizens were required to sign voter registrations, have those signatures checked against voter rolls, vote in a polling place monitored by statutorily-authorized poll observers, and have their votes counted in a transparent and verifiable open and observed manner. By contrast, due to the arbitrary, unauthorized, and standardless actions of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Kathy Boockvar, nearly 2.65 million votes were cast through a ‘mail-in’ process that lacked all of the hallmarks of transparency and verifiability that were present for in-person voters.”}}
The Trump campaign and two Pennsylvania voters allege that Boockvar
[[File:Heat map analysis of PA mail ballots.png|right|350px|thumb|Heat map analysis of the origin of Pennsylvania mail ballots.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/o8Lcby3ivYWy/?list=subscriptions</ref>]]
{{quotebox-float|“refused to require adequate verification of the voter’s identity. Rather than require votes to be received on the day of election, the Secretary permitted ballots received up to three days after the election to be counted without any evidence of timely mailing, such as a postmark. Finally, contrary to the in-person voting that is open and transparent to the parties and the candidates, Defendants permitted the review and counting of mail-in ballots largely in secret with no monitoring.”

“This two-track election system not only violates Plaintiffs’ rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution but also violates the structure of the Constitution that elections in the States must be carried out as directed by their respective legislatures.”}}
The lawsuit seeks an emergency order preventing Pennsylvania from certifying the election results or one prohibiting the election officials from certifying any results
{{quotebox-float|“that include the tabulation of absentee and mail-in ballots which do not comply with the Election Code,”}}
such as ballots counted while the Trump campaign’s watchers were prevented from observing or ballots that lack requirements of state law such as a secrecy envelope or a voter’s signed declaration. The lawsuit also seeks an injunction ordering election officials not to count ballots in cases where election officials contacted voters to give them an opportunity to “cure” improperly cast ballots.

This extraordinary legal action only makes sense given the numerous significant concerns the Trump campaign raises throughout the lawsuit. Boockvar and county election officials allegedly engaged in egregious [[discrimination]] and gave wanton preference to voters in Democratic-leaning counties over those in Republican-leaning counties.

====Ignoring mail-in ballot safeguards====
[[File:PA mail-in fraud.jpeg|right|350px|thumb|Pennsylvania mailed out 1.8 Million mail-in ballots, but got back 2.5 million.<ref>https://youtu.be/2AYSs77k2tY</ref>]]
Boockvar and the county officials repeatedly ignored essential safeguards for absentee and mail-in voting which require “procedural safeguards to deter fraud and ensure transparency” due to “inherent risk.” In December 2019, Pennsylvania’s auditor general, Eugene DePasquale, determined that there are more than 50,000 cases of potentially inaccurate voter records in the state’s system.

On October 31, 2019, Pennsylvania’s legislature passed Act 77, which allowed all Pennsylvania voters the option of voting by mail without providing a reason or excuse. Yet mail-in voting still requires a ballot application and the election code still bars ballot harvesting except in the case of disabled voters. Pennsylvania law still requires ballots that have been filled out incompletely or incorrectly to be declared void and it does not permit election boards to give voters who cast improper ballots a “notice and opportunity to cure” those ballots.

Importantly, Act 77 prohibits a voter from casting both a mail-in ballot and an in-person ballot, unless the voter returns an unvoted mail-in ballot and declares that he or she has not voted by mail. The lawsuit alleged,
{{quotebox-float|“Defendants failed to take adequate measures to ensure that the provisions of the Election Code enacted to protect the validity of absentee or mail-in ballots, including without limitation Act 77, were followed.”}}

====Confusing guidance====
On August 19, 2020, Secretary Boockvar sent all the 67 county election boards a guidance document claiming that the “naked ballots should be counted pursuant to the Pennsylvania Election Code.” (A ballot is considered “naked” if it is not returned in the secrecy envelope, as required by state law.)

On September 17, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court rejected that position, but Boockvar did not send follow-up guidance telling the election boards that they must not count naked mail-in ballots.

On September 11, Boockvar’s office sent the county officials another guidance regarding applications for mail-in ballots. That guidance did not mention the key fact that state law requires a voter to sign a mail-in ballot application, and the law requires officials to verify that signature before sending out a ballot.

The lawsuit claims the September 11 guidance forbade signature verification in vetting mail-in ballots and ballot applications. It also cites a September 28 guidance memo, in which Boockvar claimed that the “Election Code does not permit county election officials to reject applications or voted ballots based solely on signature analysis.” The lawsuit claimed,
{{quotebox-float|“Despite the fact that well over a third of the votes were cast by mail, Secretary Boockvar and the Pennsylvania Department of State did not undertake any meaningful effort to prevent the casting of illegal or unreliable absentee or mail-in ballots and/or to ensure the application of uniform standards across the County Election Boards to prevent the casting of such illegal or unreliable ballots. Rather, Secretary Boockvar has exercised every opportunity to do quite the opposite.”}}
====Trashed Trump military ballots====
Officials in Luzerne County found that a temporary seasonal election worker trashed nine military ballots received in unmarked envelopes, seven of which had been cast for President Trump.

====Extra ballots====
During the election, voters reported receiving mail-in ballots even though they did not apply for them. Many reported having received multiple mail-in ballots, some as many as four or five.

“Moreover, at the polling locations on Election Day, voters were informed that they must vote provisionally because they had applied for mail-in votes, even though those voters report that they neither applied for nor received mail-in ballots,” the lawsuit notes.

Some voters reported having received unsolicited mail-in ballots, but when they went to their in-person polling places, the poll books reflected that no mail-in ballot had been sent.

On the other hand, even though poll workers told voters that they were recorded as having already voted by mail, the workers let the voters cast ballots in person to be recorded on ballot machines.

Poll watchers reportedly observed poll workers mishandling spoiled mail-in or absentee ballots that should have been voided after the voters returned them in order to vote in-person instead.

====Unsecured voting====
[[File:Benford's Law Allegeheny.png|right|300px|thumb|[[Benford's Law]] says Joe Biden's vote in the 2020 presidential election is a statistical impossibility.<ref>https://epochtimes.today/statistical-anomalies-in-biden-votes-analyses-indicate/</ref>]]
In Allegheny County, voters reported that poll workers watched voters cast provisional ballots in such a way that the poll worker could determine which candidate the voter had selected.

====New Jersey voters====
In Centre County, a poll worker reported that people who identified themselves as New Jersey voters — rather than Pennsylvania voters — were allowed to cast provisional ballots in person.

====Changing votes for Trump====
In Chester County, an observer claimed to have witnessed an election worker alter the results of unclear ballots. The worker dealt with over-voted and under-voted ballots — ballots that marked either zero candidates or multiple candidates for one or more offices. “The observer reports that in numerous instances the election worker altered the over-voted ballot by changing votes that had been marked for Donald J. Trump to another candidate.”

====Mis-addressed ballots====
The lawsuit claims that {{quotebox-float|“dozens of mail-in ballots were addressed to single addresses, each ballot being in a different name. Based on the carrier’s experience delivering mail to those addresses, the carrier is aware that the people whose names were on the ballots are not names of people who live at those addresses. In addition, ballots were mailed to vacant homes, vacation homes, empty lots, and to addresses that do not exist.”}}

====Naked ballots in Philadelphia====
Although local officials and celebrities engaged in media campaigns to encourage voters to send in their ballots in the secrecy envelope, some Pennsylvania counties reached out to voters after they had cast naked ballots.

Philadelphia County reportedly sent a “notification” to voters who had cast inadequate ballots, urging them to “cure” the ballots. “To figure out which voters should be notified, Philadelphia County had to inspect the mail-in ballots before election day—in plain violation of state law,” the lawsuit alleges.

Other counties — such as Lancaster, York, Westmoreland, and Berks Counties — “did not contact voters who submitted defective ballots or give them an opportunity to cure. They simply followed the law and treated these ballots as invalid and refused to count them.”
{{quotebox-float|“Because the counties that followed state law and did not provide a cure process are heavily Republican (and counties that violated state law and did provide a cure process are heavily Democratic), Defendants’ conduct harmed the Trump Campaign. It deprived the President of lawful votes and awarded his opponent with unlawful votes.”}}
====682,770 estimated ballots processed with no observers====
[[File:Montgomery County vote.png|right|350px|thumb|Biden, who beat Barack Obama’s popular vote record, received several tens of thousands of more votes than registered Democrats in the above counties. The Biden votes are unusually in excess of ~244,000. <ref>file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/483437334-PA-Voter-Analysis-Young.pdf</ref> ]]

The lawsuit cites many examples in which election officials prevented poll-watchers from observing the counting of votes, as required by state law.

The lawsuit claims that Trump campaign observers were denied access altogether in some instances in Philadelphia County. The county’s elections board did not permit the Trump campaign’s observers to be within 6 feet of “all aspects” of the pre-canvassing process in violation of Commonwealth Court Judge Christine Fizzano Cannon’s November 5, 2020, order requiring that poll-watchers “be permitted to observe all aspects of the canvassing process within 6 feet.” The lawsuit states,
{{quotebox-float|“It is estimated that 680,770 ballots were processed by the Allegheny and Philadelphia County Boards of Elections when no observation was allowed.”}}

==Major cities==
*[[Allentown]]
*[[Erie]]
*[[Harrisburg]]
*[[Philadelphia]]
*[[Pittsburgh]]
*[[Scranton]]

==History==
[[File:Col-pa.jpg|thumb|200px|Philadelphia]]
When Europeans settlers arrived in the early 17th century the area was inhabited by about 15,000 Indians; they belonged to three main tribal groups, the Delaware, Susquehanna, and Shawnee. The English, Dutch, and Swedes all sought to occupy the land, but the English won the wars and took control. Dutch trading posts were established first; in 1637 Swedes built Fort Christina, and in 1643, began the first permanent settlement, located at the mouth of the Schuylkill River. The Dutch seized New Sweden in 1655, only to lose it to the English in 1664. King Charles II gave it to William Penn to pay off debts; the Penn family were the proprietors (owners) until 1776, when they were overthrown by the patriots as part of the American Revolution.
===Religious tolerance===
The colony was founded and owned by [[William Penn]], an English Quaker who wanted a place where [[Quaker]]s and other denominations could worship freely without persecution. The first Colonial Legislative Act, the Great Law of Pennsylvania, December 7, 1682, mandated: <blockquote>"That no person ... who shall confess and acknowledge one Almighty God
to be the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the World ... shall in any case be molested or prejudiced for his, or her Conscientious persuasion or practice." <ref>http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/constitutiontrans.asp</ref></blockquote>

[[Benjamin Franklin]] helped write Pennsylvania's 1776 Constitution. In Frame of Government, Chapter 2, Section 10, it states: "Each member of the legislature, before he takes his seat, shall make and subscribe the following declaration: 'I do believe in one God, the Creator and Governor of the Universe, the Rewarder of the good and Punisher of the wicked, and I do acknowledge the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament to be given by Divine Inspiration.'"

===18th century===
Quakers came to the Philadelphia area, where many became successful merchants, handling the long-distance trade to London and other parts of the British Empire. Pennsylvania attracted large numbers of Germans, including Lutherans and many smaller sects. They were farmers in the southeast. [[Scots-Irish]] (mostly Presbyterians) settled the frontier regions. Pennsylvania was the third largest colony by 1775, with 275,000 people (including a few thousand black slaves who worked mostly as house servants).

[[Philadelphia]] grew quickly into the largest city in colonial America and with 35,000 people in 1776 was the second largest city in the British Empire. The city's economy was based on growing agricultural wealth from prosperous inland farms which sent their surplus grains, cattle and horses for export. Entrepreneurs set up prosperous shipbuilding works on the Delaware River, and opened an iron industry. The Quaker merchants favored education and civic culture, creating a rich cultural and intellectual life that gave Philadelphia the nickname, "the Athens of America."

The [[Continental Congress]] met in Philadelphia from 1774 to 1783, with an interruption when the British occupied the city in 1777 and the government moved to Lancaster and York. The [[Declaration of Independence]] was signed there in 1776, the [[Liberty Bell]] is there, and the [[Continental Army]] spent the winter of 1777 at Valley Forge outside Philadelphia, where they suffered severe hardships for want of supplies.

===Early national period===
The [[Constitution of the United States|American Constitution]] was written in [[Philadelphia]] in 1787. Pennsylvania was the 2nd State to join [[United States of America|the Union]] on December 12, 1787 and the city was the national capital from 1790 to 1800. In 1790 the state adopted a more conservative state constitution; state capital was relocated in 1800 to Lancaster, and then to Harrisburg in 1812.

The population grew with high birth rates, and low death rates, but little immigration. Scotch Irish filled out the frontier. A strong sense of commitment to [[Jeffersonian Democracy]] and [[Jacksonian Democracy]] gave the Jeffersonian Republicans and (after 1830) the Democrats a strong position. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 saw western farmers angrily protest the federal tax on their most portable product. President Washington personally led an army against it, and the rebels immediately gave in. A new and more democratic state constitution was adopted in 1838.
===Civil War Era===
The antislavery movement flourished after Quaker originated the anti-slavery cause and freed their own slaves.

The need for Philadelphia to maintain access to the expanding interior and the West, both as markets and as sources of materials, such as coal and iron, to be sold and manufactured, led to aggressive state programs to improve the transportation system. The Philadelphia-Lancaster Turnpike, first in the nation, was completed in 1794; the state built hundreds of miles of canals; mules pulled boats loaded with commerce and passengers. The canal system was linked by the Allegheny Portage Railroad over the Allegheny mountains in 1835. Private enterprise built railroads that opened up the anthracite coal region, which became the premier energy source for America by 1850. Philadelphia became an industrial city, famous for textiles, iron and steel, and railroad equipment along with commerce and shipbuilding. The world's first major oil wells were drilled near Titusville in 1859 and the northwestern part of the state became the center for [[Standard Oil]] and other companies.
[[File:Pennsylvania State Capitol.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Pennsylvania State Capitol]]
The only president from Pennsylvania, [[James Buchanan]], proved a failure in allowing seven southern states to break away under his watch. During the war Gettysburg was the scene of the war's most decisive battle, July 1–3, 1863—and Pennsylvania furnished men and leaders, including generals George B. McClellan, Winfield S. Hancock, and George Meade and Adm. David D. Porter, for the Union army and navy. Philadelphia banker, Jay Cooke was the leading financier of the Civil War; he invented a system of savings bonds that allowed ordinary people to help finance the war. Philadelphia continued as a financial leader in the nation until after 1870, when it was far overshadowed by New York.

===Obama era election fraud===
The city of Philadelphia has a majority of voters affiliated with the [[Democrat Party]]. As of November, 2008, there are 1,126,768 registered voters in Philadelphia. Of those, 880,684 are registered with the Democrat Party, and 147,074 are registered with the [[Republican Party]].<ref>http://www.dos.state.pa.us/elections/cwp/view.asp?A=1310&Q=446974</ref> Despite overwhelming evidence of [[voter suppression]] by [[New Black Panther Party]] members Minister King Samir Shabazz, Malik Zulu Sha-Bazz, and Jerry Jackson at a Philadelphia polling office, they were acquitted with minimal charges by the [[U.S. Department of Justice]], then under [[Attorney General]] [[Eric Holder]]. Holder, when questioned about his rationale, said he didn't want to prosecute "my people" (thus implying that he holds bias against white voters and for minorities, and that attempts to bring justice to people who violated the [[Voting Rights Act]] is comparable to what happened to Blacks in Charleston during the Civil Rights era).<ref>http://www.examiner.com/article/eric-holder-focus-on-black-panther-voter-intimidation-case-demeans-my-people</ref>

In the [[2012 presidential election]], [[Republican]] polling inspectors were blocked from polling places in the Democrat-ruled city. Rob Gleason, chairman of the [[Pennsylvania]] Republican Party, stated, "This was a shameless attempt from the Obama campaign to suppress our legally appointed Republican poll watchers."<ref>Curry, C. & De Vogue, A. (2012, November 6). [https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/jersey-extends-email-voting-friday-election-workers-inundated/story?id=17653589&page=2 N.J. Extends Email Voting to Friday, Other States Hurry to Fix Polling Problems]. ABC News.</ref> [[Barack Obama]] received 100% of the vote in 59 Philadelphia precincts with zero votes for [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/20121112_In_59_Philadelphia_voting_wards__Mitt_Romney_got_zero_votes.html?mobi=true]</ref> In Philadelphia, a mural of Obama at a polling place was covered up after a Republican voter took a picture of it.<ref>Miller, J.R., Berger, J., & Weber, J. (2012, November 6). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/11/06/judge-issuing-order-to-reinstate-booted-philadelphia-election-officials Philly poll workers partially cover Obama mural after court order, leaving logo and quote in view]. FOX News.</ref>

==Miscellaneous==

Pennsylvania is known as the "Keystone State". The name comes from its location between the northern and southern colonies; like the keystone holds an arch together.

Pennsylvania is the birthplace and home of President [[James Buchanan]].

Pennsylvania was the only one of the 13 original colonies to be completely landlocked—it did not border an ocean.

The ruffled grouse is the state bird of Pennsylvania.

The white-tailed deer is the state animal of Pennsylvania.

==Sports==

Pennsylvania is home to the [[NBA]]'s Philadelphia 76ers, the NHL's [[Philadelphia Flyers]] and [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], Major League Baseball's [[Philadelphia Phillies]] and [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], and the [[NFL]]'s [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] and [[Philadelphia Eagles]]. Additionally, Pennsylvania State University is a traditional college football powerhouse, and Villanova University and the University of Pittsburgh have had great success in college basketball as of late.

==Name==
Pennsylvania was named by the king after William Penn's father (Penn himself did not want the name used.)<ref>
He wrote, "This day, my country was confirmed to me under the great seal of England, with privileges, by the name of Pennsylvania, a name the King would give it in honor of my father. I chose New Wales, being as this, a pretty, hilly country, but Penn being Welsh for head as in Penmanmoire, in Wales, and Penrith, in Cumberland, and Penn, in Buckinghamshire . . . called this Pennsylvania, which is the high or head woodlands; for I proposed, when the secretary, a Welshman, refused to have it called New Wales, Sylvania and they added Penn to it, and though I opposed it and went to the King to have it struck out and altered he said it was past . . nor could twenty guineas move the under-secretary to vary the name" See [http://www.britannia.com/celtic/wales/facts/facts1.html#americaname source]</ref> The name means "Penn's woods".

==Further reading==
* Miller, Randall M. and William A. Pencak, eds. ''Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth'' (2002), detailed scholarly history
* Beers, Paul B. ''Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday'' (1980), government textbook
* Klein, Philip S and Ari Hoogenboom. ''A History of Pennsylvania'' (1973), solid college textbook
* Weigley, Russell. ''Philadelphia: A 300-Year History'' (1982)
* WPA Federal Writers' Project. ''Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State,'' 1940.

==See also==
*[[Blue state]]s
*[[Purple state]]s - swing states that can vote either [[Republican]] or [[Democrat]]
*[[Johnstown flood tax]]
*[[William Scranton]]

==External link==
*2020 election: [https://revealthesteal.blogspot.com/2021/03/mail-in-ballot-math-doesnt-add-up-for.html Mail-In Ballot Math Doesn't Add Up for Biden]
*[https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dos/resources/voting-and-elections-resources/voting-and-election-statistics.html Voter registration data - updated weekly on Mondays]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{USstates}}

[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Purple States]]

User talk:BerniMento

2026-09-09T20:48:28Z

BerniMento: Created page with "Hello, what's this?"

Hello, what's this?