Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-22T00:44:09Z

BenjyB: Undo revision 851172 by Martyp (talk)Nope, it's a best-of-the-public encyclopedia so even the founder has to give a reason for his actions

Most of the '''great achievements''' throughout history in the fields of art, culture, science and technology have been by '''teenagers'''. This may be because they are able to think in new and innovative ways, or their thinking is not hidebound by discredited nostrums; it may be attributable to great teachers and great schooling - including homeschooling. It may simply be the emergence of God-given talent at an early age, and the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews. Biologically the rate of brain development, and according to some studies [[IQ]], reportedly peak in smart individuals just prior to their teenage years.<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/30/science/sci-brain30</ref>

==Achievements, listed by age at which they were made==

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin gives his first solo violin performance with the San Francisco Symphony in 1923.
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] plays his first public piano performance, having already authored two polonaises (G minor and B flat major) at age 7.
* '''10''' - [[Mark]], author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], witnesses the arrest of Jesus and develops the first [[Gospel]].
* '''10''' - Michael Kearney, [[homeschooled]], becomes the world's youngest university graduate.<ref>He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of South Alabama.</ref>At age 17, began a teaching career at college. <ref>[http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617185918AAum3vj Who is the YOUNGEST person to graduate college?] Yahoo Answers</ref>
* '''10''' - Kathryn Aurora Gray, of Fredericton, New Brunswick, discovered supernova 2010lt.<ref>http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/04/girl-10-becomes-youngest-to-discover-supernova/ CNN</ref>
* '''10''' - Terence Tao, the youngest ever medalist in International Mathematical Olympiad.
* '''11''' - William James Sidis, became the youngest ever student at Harvard College in 1909.
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] had secretly worked out the first twenty-three propositions of Euclid by himself.
* '''12''' - [[Jesus]] presents His wisdom in the temple in [[Jerusalem]].
* '''12''' - William "Willie" Johnson earned the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions during the [[Seven Days Battle]] and on the [[Peninsula Campaign]] during the [[American Civil War]]. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_1862_cwh/johnston_willie.html]
* '''12''' - William Rowan Hamilton, by this age had mastered [[Arabic]], [[Hebrew]], [[Persian]], [[Greek]], [[Latin]], Syriac, and Sanskrit among other [[languages]].
* '''13''' - [[Jonathan Krohn]] homeschooled, actor, internet radio host, guest speaker at [[CPAC]], author of ''Defining Conservatism''.
* '''13''' - [[John]] wrote the first draft of the [[Gospel of John]], the greatest written work of all time.<ref>[[Mystery:Was John a Child?]]</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] was inspired and led [[France]] five years later to victory over the English in the [[Hundred Years War]]; was martyred at age 19.<ref>http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/Joan_of_Arc.shtml</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl."
* '''14''' - [[David]] slays [[Goliath]].
* '''14''' - Ismail founded the Safavid dynasty and became its "shah" (military and spiritual ruler)
* '''14''' - [[Bobby Fischer]] became an International [[Chess]] Grandmaster.
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]] wrote the opera, "Mitridate Rè di Ponto."
* '''14''' - [[Nadia Comaneci]] "achieved in her sport what no [[Olympian]], male or female, ever had before: perfection."<ref>http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/events/1996/olympics/daily/july25/flashback.html</ref>
* '''14''' - [[St. Theresa of Lisieux]] rejected by Bishop Hugonin, pleads with Pope Leo XIII so she may enter the Carmelites. Became Carmelite nun at age 15.
* '''14''' - Bernadette Soubirous (St Bernadette of Lourdes) has a vision of the Virgin Mary
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system.
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 32 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''16''' - Boy sailor Jack Cornwall, of HMS Chester, is awarded a [[posthumous]] [[VC]] for gallantry at the [[Battle of Jutland]].
* '''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the [[Ediacaran]] (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including [[Darwin]], about life on Earth.
* '''16''' - the average age of 58 [[homeschooled]] teenagers who founded Conservapedia, so that the light of truth would continue to shine and darkness would not overcome it.
* '''17''' - Cassie Bernall defended her [[faith]] in front of an [[atheistic]] gunman at the [[Columbine massacre]], and was martyred for it<ref>Two witnesses, Craig Scott and Joshua Lapp, confirmed a question-and-answer confrontation; others said Cassie was praying when murdered.[http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/c/cassie.htm]</ref>
* '''17*''' - [[Mary]] accepts [[God]]'s will to conceive [[Jesus]] by the [[Holy Spirit]], and gives birth nine months later.<ref>Mary's exact age is not known, but she was old enough to marry under Jewish law and was almost certainly a teenager.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm]</ref>
* '''17''' - Shawn Fanning develops the first large-scale peer-to-peer file sharing program, Napster
* '''17''' - Private 1st Class Jacklyn H. Lucas, [[United States Marine Corps]], earned the [[Medal of Honor]] five days after his 17th birthday during the [[Iwo Jima]] battle in [[World War II]]; he was a Marine for ''three years''. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_living/ii_mc_lucas.html]
* '''18''' - Lila Rose, a [[UCLA]] student who had been [[homeschooled]], goes undercover and does a stinging expose of an [[abortion]] clinic.<ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2007/may/07051504</ref>
* '''18''' - Shawn Goldsmith from Long Island has earned all 121 merit badges offered by the Boy Scouts. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473964,00.html Boy Scout Earns All 121 Merit Badges] AP, December 30, 2008</ref>
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus), later published when she was 21.
* '''18''' - [[Gary Kasparov]], considered the greatest [[chess]] player ever, won the [[U.S.S.R.]] championship.
* '''19''' - Captain Albert Ball, [[VC]], MC, DSO & 2 bars, commences his career as a fighter pilot. By the time he is killed, aged 20, in 1917, he has become one of the [[First World War]]'s greatest air aces, accounting for at least 44 [[German]] aircraft.
* '''19''' - was the average age of front-line [[US]] service personnel fighting to defend democracy in [[Indochina]] during the [[Vietnam War]].
* '''19''' - [[Evariste Galois]] applies [[group theory]] to the unsolvability of polynomial equations, before his death in a duel at age 20.
* '''19''' - [[John D. Rockefeller]] starts a new company, turning an enormous profit in its first year, and became the most influential businessman in history.<ref>http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Rockefeller-John-D.html</ref>
* '''19''' - [[Steve Jobs]] begins collaborating in electronics with Steve Wozniak<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/jobs.htm</ref> in electronics, and developed the personal computer within two years.
* '''19''' - [[Mark Zuckerberg]] commercializes [[Facebook]], which later became the leading social networking system on the [[internet]].
* '''19''' - Jim Ryun broke the world record for running the mile.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.
* '''20''' - Willis Carrier invents air conditioning.
* '''20''' - Trevor Bayne, who had been [[homeschooled]], became the youngest driver to win a Daytona 500 race.
(add more, sorted by age and then alphabetically)

== See also ==

*[[Gallery of American Heroes]]
*[[Gallery of British Heroes]]

==External Links==
*[http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-child-prodigies/ Top 10 Child Prodigies]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Achievement]]

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-22T00:42:50Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Later Achievments==
* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion: deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]] age 32
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

So, most of the persons in the list made contributions to their field works overshadowing there achievements as teenagers.

[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:57, 27 December 2008 (EST)
:A corrosive attitude is not beneficial. If, as Andy suggested, you opened your mind you might find nmany more examples to support this case. Bear in mind: demolition is easy, to build takes effort! [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 08:59, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Jesus==

I'm not entirely certain I'm comfortable with including Jesus on a list of "teenagers." Part of that may just be a visceral reaction against applying the term to the Almighty, but setting that aside, I'm still not entirely sure he belongs on the list. After all, despite His physical age at the time he preached, He was still God, and therefore timeless and eternal. It's going to be a little hard for anyone, teenager or adult, to measure up to His list of accomplishments! --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 14:18, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==IQ Peak==

Although it is a hotly debated subject, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that IQ peaks in the pre-teen/teenage years. The linked article provides evidence to support that the rate of brain development peaks at this time, but this is idependant of a person's IQ.

To highlight the diparate viewpoints, it is possible to show an IQ peak at anywhere from 14-16yrs old, all the way up to 50yrs+ - depending on what you measure, how you measure and how you interpret your findings (as with many stats i suppose).

More info: http://www.albion.edu/psychology/fac_psyc/jwilson/psy101/intell.htm

Hope my edit is satisfactory --[[User:J00ni|J00ni]] 18:22, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==Mary as "17"==

Can I suggest using the word "uncertain" for Mary's age instead of assuming that it's 17? That takes nothing away from the assumption that she was a teenager when she gave birth, but it doesn't seem right for CP to state a specific age as if it were a fact when the comment goes on to acknowledge that the actual age was unknown. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 09:20, 30 December 2008 (EST)

: The footnote is clear enough. No one doubts she was a teenager, and 17 was an average age of betrothal. The purpose of this list is plainly not to pinpoint precise ages, but merely to show the teenagers as a group.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 09:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:: I don't disagree with that. I've added an asterisk after her age to highlight that it's an approximation, and leaving the rest as-is. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 10:03, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::It could be even earlier; in the middle ages it was not uncommon for girls to give birth at 14, so in this case I think it could be as young as 15 (but I think it's 16, personally). [[User:ETrundel|ETrundel]] 14:29, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::: I too was given to believe she was younger than 17 at the time. My maternal family line has a long tradition of Mary-derived names in firstborn daughters, (I'm Regina, yes, that's Mary Derived, have "Ave Regina") and my mother always told the story that she was around 15. When I was little that seemed quite grown up, but when I was 15 myself, it struck me just how very brave she was, and how young. I think the note of approximation is important for this reason, it is true she could have been as old as 17, but at that young age, two years is a world of difference in maturity and self assurance. If she was indeed younger than 17, bumping up her age underestimates the greatness of her faith. Best err on the side of caution and reverence. [[User:BirdieA|Birdie]] 13:25, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::::: I side with Birdie, I have always understood it as the age of 15. --Jpatt 14:27, 30 December 2008 (EST)

==Bill Gates==

A 13-year-old programming is not a remarkable achievement, and Gates' significant accomplishments occurred as a young adult, not a teen. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 14:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:I understand your point and I for one do not wish to glorify an atheist. By todays standards, that is not an achievement. At age thirteen in 1968, think about the computer he was working with? It is a bright child that succeeded, is it a great achievement? --Jpatt 14:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::Under further scrutiny, I have decided against including Bill Gates. What did he achieve at 13? computer skills, not a great achievement. Also, he has enough accolades, believes in the God of nothing (catch that prying eyes?), listed next to Anne, no way the two should reside together :) --Jpatt 20:28, 31 December 2008 (EST)

== remove some or move the page? ==

If it is going to be Great achievements be teenagers, then we need to limit the list to teenagers only, not 8 and 10 year olds and 20 year olds. We need to remove the non-teenagers from the list, or else change it to something like "great achievements by young people" --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 19:55, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:12 year olds are also not teenagers. It sounds like we're getting technical, but saying that 8, 10, 12 and 20 year olds are teenagers is effectively the same as saying girls who wear pants are boys. [[User:NormanS|NormanS]] 20:02, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::not really. It is more like saying that 4 is an odd number because it is close to 5 which is an odd number. --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 20:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

== Roger Mason entry ==

The Roger Mason entry does not rise to the level of achievement of the others. Even if it was a meaningful discovery, which is dubious, we don't have the shepherd who discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls and I don't see why would include Mason's "discovery" as a great achievement either.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:53, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:Although I didn't add that entry, I did feel it was right to change it to state it as ''what some believed'' rather state it as scientific fact. --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]/Admin[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]] 20:11, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:: I agree with your edit, and am suggesting that we go further and either toss the entry or downgrade it further in an appropriate way. It just does not rise to the level of, say, David slaying Goliath.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:37, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

::: OK, so I see there's been some discussion of Roger Mason. The point is that he didn't just stumble over some strange markings in the rock: he knew they were fossils and he knew the rocks were pre-Cambrian. His teenage open-mindedness led him to see what older, more closed-minded professors did not see. He had the confidence to go to a professor and tell him what he'd discovered - the professor didn't believe him till he'd seen it with his own eyes. A whole new era of biological life? A big discovery by anyone's standards. I've part-reverted the deletion, i.e. I've made it clear why it was such a big deal. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:30, 3 February 2011 (EST)

Mason's achievement is that he discovered the first fossil to come from rocks that were undoubtedly of a Pre-Cambrian era. Before that, the consensus of professional scientists was that there were no complex lifeforms before the Cambrian. Mason knew the rocks were Pre-Cambrian and he knew that what he found was a fossil. The fossil is named for the place it was found, Charnwood Forest, and for him: ''Charnia masoni''. Very very few people have revolutionised a whole area of science as teenages - Mason is one of them. You can read about it in New Scientist, issue of April 14, 2007.

The text I wrote looks pretty much correct (bar one spelling mistake). I suggest you re-insert it in the article:
'''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including Darwin, about life on Earth. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:26, 5 February 2011 (EST)
: There have been no objections to this text so I've added it to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 14:57, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::And I've removed it again. When the site owner and a senior administrator agree something should be removed, and tell you to discuss it on the talk page, you don't just add it back in without their input. Wait for their response. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]][[User talk:JacobB|Shout out!]] 15:10, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::: 1. When's he going to respond?
::: 2. I thought this was an encyclopedia that gathers knowledge from the public, not one person's private website.
::: 3. OK, I'll wait a little while longer. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:17, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::: Your edits are heavy on opinion without links to back it up. "Roger Mason" is a name few have heard of, and perhaps for good reason. You'll need to back up your claim with far more than you have before it merits inclusion in this impressive list. Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:36, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Responding to your request on my talk page, here are two key references and a brief commentary:
* http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/geoscientist/geonews/page4300.html: Explains the importance of the Ediacaran period in geology and explains the great importance of the discoveries made by teenager Roger Mason in revealing the origins of complex life forms in the pre-Cambrian period.
* http://wapedia.mobi/en/Charnia: Explains the importance of the fossils of the genus ''Charnia'' to studies of pre-Cambrian life and the important role that Roger Mason, as a teenager, played in discovering fossils within pre-Cambrian rocks.
* A ''New Scientist'' article (http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19425991.500-ediacarans-the-long-fuse-of-the-cambrian-explosion.html) reports the importance of the Ediacaran fauna and the personal role played by Mason but you need a subscription to read it in full.
[[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:55, 6 February 2011 (EST)
:::Perhaps you can also explain what is meant by "600 million years ago," given the fact that Biblical inerrancy as a pretty big deal 'round these parts. [[User:Martyp|Martyp]] 19:58, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::Benjy, greatness is not apparent from your descriptions, or the links. At best it appears that some teenagers stumbled upon some fossils, of which there are millions, and then speculation by some professors followed. This hardly ranks with, for example, the achievements of the author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], wbich is part of the most influential book of all time.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:27, 6 February 2011 (EST)

::::Perhaps the better comparison would be with Kathryn Aurora Gray. --[[User:CecilQ|CecilQ]] 21:29, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Aschlafly, you're missing the point: Mason's breakthrough was that '''''as a schoolboy''''' he recognised fossils in what he knew were pre-Cambrian rocks. The very strong consensus among professional / academic geologists at the time was that there were '''no''' complex life-forms in the pre-Cambrian - and hence no complex fossils in pre-Cambrian rocks. Mason, as a teenager, was not hide-bound by the preconceptions of the academic world. This exactly fits your own criterion of "the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews".

As for the the scale of his achievement, there are 11 recognized geological eras and Mason discovered the first fossils recognized to definitely come from one of them ''and knew exactly what he had done'' (i.e. unlike the shephard discovering the Dead Sea Scrolls, who had no idea what the pieces of parchment were). That's a pretty big deal

Another good reference is this radio programme (''In Our Time'', a weekly science-for-non-scientists programme on a talk radio channel over here): http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lh2s3.

Martyp, young earth creationism may be a big deal for some people round here but evidently not everybody: I've read enough CP to know that.

I'll give it an hour or so to let others respond further, then make the appropriate edit to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:32, 7 February 2011 (EST)

: Well, it's now ''two'' hours later and there haven't been any adverse comments. So as there are no further objections, I've restored the entry for Roger Mason. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 17:44, 7 February 2011 (EST)

:: Aschlafly, just taking the entry out isn't good enough. You need to give a reason. It's getting late on this side of the pond so I leave it up to your conscience whether you let another day go by with or without one of the outstanding teenage scientists in your encyclopedia. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:42, 21 February 2011 (EST)

== ''Teen''agers ==

I noticed that there are a few people on this list that are not teenagers and so must have been added by mistake - shall I go ahead and remove them so that the article's content matches its title? I don't want to do so without asking as I'm new here.  [[User:BobG|BobG]] 12:55, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:You haven't said what you think are mistakes. Go ahead and edit the content entry and let's what you think are mistakes.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:Bob, the individuals listed with a non-teen year obviously had remarkable contributions as teenagers also.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

::Sorry, I hadn't realized that! Shall we rephrase their entries in order to make that clear, such as by listing the teenage achievements primarily (along with the age at that point) and giving the currently listed achievements as footnotes or 'also achieved' in parentheses)? If you can help me finding information on these teenage achievements I'd be delighted to take on the task! Thanks. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 14:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

Apart from the interesting idea that 10 year-old Kathryn Aurora Gray is a [[teenager]], is a source (from main page news report - which I added to entry) like [[CNN]], owned by [[leftist]] mogul [[Ted Turner]], with its [[liberal bias]] and support for the [[liberal]] agenda really a reliable source? The article claims the supernova happened 240 million years ago which is patent nonsense since that predates [[creation]]. CNN also claim that the girl’s father was an amateur astronomer, however, according to [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/01/10-year-old-girl-becomes-youngest-person-to-discover-a-supernova/68911/ this source] the girl’s father is a professional astronomer, so it seems extremely likely that this is an example of [[liberal deceit]] and [[professor values]] where unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge are being made on behalf of a child in a [[Narcissism|narcissistic]] frenzy of publicity seeking [[liberal arrogance]]. [[User:AmandaBunting|AmandaBunting]] 14:21, 6 January 2011 (EST)

:The quibble is over the term "teenagers", and this suggestion could be made into a constructive one if we renamed the article to something like [[Great achievements by young people]].

:As a middle aged man, I am far from discouraging the next generation to make contributions. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 12:45, 7 February 2011 (EST)

== Zuckerberg "commercializes" Facebook==

I'm curious about the choice of words for the Zuckerberg entry. Why "commercialized" instead of "created"? Is it because there's an argument over who really created the site? "Commercializing" doesn't seem like such a great achievement. [[User:EMorris|EMorris]] 11:47, 7 February 2011 (EST)

:My understanding is that Facebook was created for Harvard students, and existed in that form before it was commercialized. I agree that commercializing something is not as great an achievement as other items on the list.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:02, 7 February 2011 (EST)

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-22T00:19:31Z

BenjyB: /* Achievements, listed by age at which they were made */ Roger Mason - see earlier discussion on talk page

Maine

2011-02-20T22:06:50Z

BenjyB: /* Notable people from Maine */ Bush family

{{USState
|name=Maine
|flag=Maine_State_Flag.gif
|motto="Dirigo" (I lead)
|nick=The Pine Tree State
|capital=Augusta
|language=None
|governor=Paul LePage
|gparty=Republican
|senator2=Susan Collins
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-2523
|s2email=http://collins.senate.gov/public/continue.cfm?FuseAction=ContactSenatorCollins.Email&CFID=39113496&CFTOKEN=99427497 Contact
|senator1=Olympia Snowe
|s1party=Republican
|s1phone=(202) 224-5344
|s1email=http://snowe.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=ContactSenatorSnowe.Email Contact
|population=
|date=March 15, 1820 (23rd)
}}
'''Maine''' was the twenty-third state to enter into the union. Its capital is Augusta. It is one of the liberal bastions in the Northeast, along with much of New England, and is generally has a high concentration of gay activist legislators. This is somewhat out of balance with the general trend of U.S. voters, a majority of whom consistently vote Republican and identify as conservative.

The rocks of Maine are one of the oldest parts of the US, dating from the Devonian period.<ref>http://www.statefossils.com/me/me.html</ref> The last [[glaciers]] of the ice age shaped the coastline into the many [[peninsula|peninsulas]] we see today and formed Maine's 2,000 [[island|islands]].

==The earliest Mainers==

Descendants of Ice Age hunters, the earliest Mainers were nicknamed Red Paint People, because they lined the graves of their dead with red clay. These graves are thought to date back five thousand years. There are also large heaps of oyster shells on the coast that are thought to date back to the Red Paint People.

The two earliest Native American tribes of Maine were the Micmacs in eastern Maine and the Abanakis, who are also sometimes called Wabanakis. The former were warlike, but the latter were mainly peaceful farmers and fishers. The only remaining Native Americans today, of the many tribes who once inhabited Maine, are 1500 Passamaquoddies, who live on two reservations, and 1200 Penobscots, who live on Indian Island in the Penobscot River. <ref>http://www.mainehistory.info/history.html</ref>

==Vikings in Maine==

Five hundred years earlier than [[Columbus]], the Viking raider Leif Ericson with a crew of 30 sailors are thought to have explored the Maine coast and possibly tried to establish a settlement here. The only piece of real evidence for this is the finding of an 11th century Norse coin in Brooklin, Maine along with other artifacts when a former Native American trading center was excavated. This is not conclusive though, as the coin may have been used in trade from Newfoundland or may have been brought very much later by the English or Portuguese.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/leif-ericson</ref>

==Colonization==

In 1498 John Cabot, who was employed by King Henry VII of England, may have explored the Maine coast, although there is no concrete evidence of his visit. A hundred years later, some European ships came ashore to repair the ships and gather fresh supplies.

The [[Plymouth Company]] established the first settlement at Popham in 1607, the same year that the Jamestown, VA, settlement was established. However, the severe Maine winter defeated the Popham colony so Jamestown is considered the first permanent settlement in America. The rigors of climate, difficulties of agriculture and attacks by Indians also wiped out many later English settlements that were established in the 1620s.

By 1700 there were only six surviving settlements. Massachusetts had acquired most of the land claims in Maine by that time, and this arrangement continued until Maine acquired its own statehood in 1820. <ref>http://www.mainehistory.info/timeline.html</ref>

==Disputes over ownership==

England and France disputed the ownership of Maine during the early eighteenth century. The French actively supported Indian raids on white settlements, thinking this would drive English settlers out.

William Pepperell of Kittery led Maine forces in the capture of the French fort at Louisburg, NS, in 1745. In 1763 the French surrendered all claims to the territory in the 1763 Treaty of Paris.

Massachusetts offered free 100-acre lots to prospective settlers once the Indian threat subsided and the French had withdrawn, and the population of Maine doubled to 24,000 by 1763, and to over 150,000 by 1800. <ref>http://www.mainehistory.info/history.html</ref>

==Maine during the Revolutionary War==

Mainers resisted the oppressive British taxes ten years before the Revolutionary War, seizing tax stamps at what was then called Falmouth but is now [[Portland]]. Customs agents were frequently attacked. A version of the [[Boston Tea Party]] happened in York, Maine in 1774 when a tea shipment was burned in York.

Hundreds of Mainers joined the struggle for independence. About 1,000 men died, sea trade was almost destroyed, and the British bombarded Falmouth (Portland). Maine's share of the Revolutionary War debt was higher than that later incurred by Maine's debt from the Civil War.

In 1775 the first naval battle of the Revolutionary War occurred off the coast of Machias and [[Benedict Arnold]] marched a band of revolutionaries through Maine in a valiant but doomed attempt at capturing [[Québec City]] and [[Montreal]]. <ref>http://www.mainehistory.info/timeline.html</ref>

==Becoming a State==

After the [[Revolutionary War]], settlers on what was then a frontier area resented being ruled from 'away' in Boston and campaigned for separation from Massachusetts.

Politically powerful merchants resisted the separation movement until after the [[War of 1812]], when [[Massachusetts]] proved unable or unwilling to protect Mainers against the British.

Maine eventually became the 23rd State under the [[Missouri Compromise]] of 1820. Maine's position as a free state balanced Missouri's entry as a slave state the following year. The state constitution was
rooted in political independence, religious freedom and popular control of government.

William King, who served as president of the Constitutional Convention, was a shipbuilder and merchant from Bath. He subsequently became Maine's first governor.

At first Portland was the state capital, but in 1832 the capital was moved to [[Augusta]] because of its more central location. <ref>http://www.maine.gov/portal/facts_history/</ref>

==Maine and the Abolitionist movement==

Maine was admitted to the Union as a free state, but some Mainers were involved in activities related to [[slavery]], such as the [[Triangle Trade]].

However, the famous abolitionist speaker and writer [[William Lloyd Garrison]] made a speaking tour of Maine in 1832 arousing discussion and dispute. By 1834 there were branches of the American Antislavery Society in Maine and state and local organizations were taking part in antislavery activities and the dissemination of information.

Some Mainers, especially those who depended on southern trade, felt that the issue was best left alone, as a dispute might endanger the union, and felt that the South would abolish slavery in its own time if the North left it alone.

In 1836 the mayor of [[Portland]] refused permission for the Antislavery Society to meet in City Hall, but the meeting was held at the [[Quaker]] meetinghouse instead, despite being the target anti-abolition mobs. Similar disputes broke out in other towns, but public opinion began to be swayed by the information put out by antislavery societies.

In the spring of 1837, Maine and Georgia nearly came to blows over abolitionism after a group of Maine seamen took a runaway slave named Atticus home with them. Atticus was eventually betrayed back to his owner, but many Mainers played a subsequent part as stops on the the [[Underground Railway]] that saw many slaves safely away from captivity.<ref>http://imaginemaine.com/mainestories/Atticus.html</ref>

Hannibal Hamlin was a Democratic Senator. However, he left the party in 1854 over the slavery issue and was a leading force in the formation of the Republican Party in Maine. He served as the state's first Republican governor and became the nation's first Republican vice president after the election of [[Abraham Lincoln]].

==Maine and Prohibition==

The world's first Total Abstinence Society was founded in Portland in 1815 and other temperance societies over the next two decades. Eventually, a state law prohibiting the sale of alcohol except for "medicinal and mechanical purposes" was passed. By 1851 a law banning the manufacture and sale of liquor was passed in 1851 and not repealed until 1934, along with the repeal of Prohibition in the rest of the United States.

==Maine and the Civil War==

Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin" at Brunswick, where her husband was a professor at Bowdoin College. The popular book aroused anti-slavery feelings throughout the northern states in the 1850s.

Around 73,000 Mainers served with the Union army, and about one in ten died during the Civil War.

Two great generals, Oliver Otis Howard and Joshua L Chamberlain. Howard distinguished himself at Gettysburg and Bull Run, and Chamberlain is remembered for his heroism at Little Round Top and for commanding the Union troops to whom Lee surrendered at Appomattox. After the war, Chamberlain became governor of Maine.

Howard was one of the main founders of Howard University and was its first president. Chamberlain later became president of Bowdoin College.

==Maine Politics==

Maine politics was dominated by the Republican Party from 1854 until the Democrat [[Edmund S. Muskie ]] became governor in 1954. He and others broadened the Democratic base.

Muskie became one of Maine's Senators in 1958. He was prominent in the [[environmental movement]] and also considered expert in urban legislation and budget control. He was Hubert Humphrey's Vice Presidential nominee in 1968, and in 1972 was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination. President [[Jimmy Carter]] appointed Senator Muskie Secretary of State in 1979.

Senator George Mitchell of Waterville succeeded Senator Muskie, and becane Senate majority leader from 1988 until he retired in 1994. After his retirement, he was much respected for his attempts to work with both sides of the dispute to bring peace to Northern Ireland.

[[Margaret Chase Smith]] of Skowhegan was the first American woman elected to both houses of Congress. She was in the House of Representatives for nearly ten years, and then a Senator. She was a liberal Republican, and was notably honest, independent and courageous.

Maine is a hotbed of independent voters, who outnumber both enrolled Democrats and Republicans and determine the outcome of most elections today. Two political independents have been governors of Maine: James B Longley of Lewiston in 1974, and Angus S King of Brunswick in 1994.

Maine's current U.S. Senators, [[Olympia J. Snowe]] and [[Susan Collins]], are both moderate Republicans. The current Representatives, [[Mike Michaud]] and [[Chellie Pingree]], are both Democrats.<ref>http://www.maine.gov/portal/facts_history/</ref>

Since 2004, Maine has offered [[domestic partnership]]s, which are similar to [[same sex marriage]]<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/domestic-partnership-in-the-united-states Answers.com]</ref>

== Elected Officials ==

===Federal===
* Sen. [[Olympia J. Snowe]] (R)
* Sen. [[Susan Collins]] (R)
* Rep. [[Chellie Pingree]] [D, ME-01]
* Rep. [[Mike Michaud]] [D, ME-02]

===Statewide===
* Governor [[Paul LePage]] (R)
* Attorney General [[Janet Mills]] (D)
* Secretary of State [[Matthew Dunlap]] (D)
* State Auditor [[Neria Douglass]] (D)
* State Treasurer [[David Lemoine]] (D)

==Notable people from Maine==

Kennebunkport, Maine is the summer home of the Bush family, including former President [[George H. W. Bush]] and former President [[George W. Bush]].

[[Joshua Chamberlain]], a Union officer during the Civil War who quite possibly saved the Union in the Battle of Gettysburg with his "swinging gate maneuver", was born in Brewer and served as Maine's governor.

[[James G. Blaine]] dominated state and national Republican politics from the mid-1860s to the end of the century. He was speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, Maine's senator, and served three Republican presidents as secretary of state. He was the presidential candidate for the Republican Party in 1884, but lost by a narrow margin to [[Grover Cleveland]].

[[Thomas B. Reed]] was Speaker of the House for three terms. He campaigned for reforms in House rules and wrote Reed's Rules of Order, which are still used in the Maine Legislature.

[[Margaret Chase Smith]] of Skowhegan was the first American woman elected to both houses of Congress.

[[George Mitchell]], a well-respected former senator. Instrumental in the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland.

[[Stephen King]], a wildly popular horror novelist, is a lifelong resident of Maine and sets many of his novels in the state.

[[E.B. White]], a writer best known for his children's books ''Stuart Little'' and ''Charlotte's Web'', lived in North Brooklin.

==References==
<references/>

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:Maine]]

Vermont

2011-02-20T22:03:05Z

BenjyB: Liberals in Vermont

{{USState
|name=Vermont
|flag=Vermont_State_Flag.gif
|motto="Freedom and Unity"
|nick=The Green Mountain State
|capital=Montpelier
|language=None
|governor=Peter Shumlin
|gparty=Democrat
|senator1=Patrick Leahy
|s1party=Democrat
|s1phone=(202) 224-4242
|s1email=mailto:senator_leahy@leahy.senate.gov Contact
|senator2=Bernie Sanders
|s2party=Independent
|s2phone=(202) 224-5141
|s2email=http://sanders.senate.gov/comments/ Contact
|population=
|date=March 4, 1791 (14th)
}}
'''Vermont''' is located in the [[New England]] region of the Northeastern part of the [[United States]] and on March 4, 1791, became the fourteenth state to enter into the Union. Its name comes from the French term for 'Green Mountain.' The capital of Vermont is [[Montpelier]] and its largest city is Burlington. The current governor of Vermont is Peter Shumlin, a [[Democrat]].

Vermont is notorious as one of the most [[liberal]] states in the union. Its junior senator, [[Bernie Sanders]] describes himself as a democratic [[socialist]] and is a leading proponent of [[Obamacare]]. In 2000, the state started offering [[civil union]]s, similar to [[same sex marriage]]. On April 7, 2009, legislators overrode the governor's veto of a bill legalizing same-sex marriage in Vermont.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/recognition-of-gay-unions-in-vermont]</ref> It is the home of [[Ben and Jerry's]] ice cream, a company given to supporting many liberal causes.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Patrick Leahy]] (D)
*Sen. [[Bernie Sanders]] (I)
*Rep. [[Peter Welch]] (D)

===Statewide===
*Governor [[Peter Shumlin]] (D)
*Lt. Governor [[Phillip Scott]] (R)
*Secretary of State [[Jim Condos]] (D)
*State Auditor [[Thomas Salmon]] (R)
*Attorney General [[William Sorrell]] (D)
*State Treasurer [[Jeb Spaulding]] (D)

==References==
<references/>

== See also ==
*[[State Governors]]

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]

New Hampshire

2011-02-18T21:43:31Z

BenjyB: typo

{{USState
|name=New Hampshire
|flag=New_Hampshire_State_Flag.gif
|motto=Live Free or Die
|nick=The Granite State
|capital=Concord
|language=English
|governor=John H. Lynch
|gparty=Democrat
|senator2=Kelly Ayotte
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-3324
|s2email=no contact info
|senator1=Jeanne Shaheen
|s1party=Democrat
|s1phone=(202) 224-2841
|s1email=no contact info
|population=
|date=June 21, 1788 (9th)
}}
[[Image:New_hampshire.jpg|thumb|right|A map of New Hampshire.]]
'''New Hampshire''' is an American state, and was one of the first 13 states. It was the 9th state to ratify the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States of America]]. Its largest city is [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] and its capital is [[Concord]]. Its highest point is [[Mount Washington]], the highest point in [[New England]] at 6288' (1917m) and one of the windiest places on Earth.

New Hampshire had a fairly conservative foundation for example the "Live Free or Die" motto. The state has no personal [[income tax]] and no general [[sales tax]]. It is the first state to hold primary elections for US Presidential candidates. Recently, it was counted on as a solid center-left state with Democrat majorities in government and the population has more registered Democrats than Republicans. It voted for [[Barack Obama]] in the 2008 Presidential election and on June 3, 2009, the New Hampshire legislature passed a bill to make the state the sixth to allow [[gay marriage]]. However, during the [[2010 Midterm Elections]], [[Republican]]s won the U.S. Senate seat and both House seats, and took over clear majorites in both chambers of the State Legislator from the Democrats.

[[Dartmouth College]], the smallest of the [[Ivy League]] universities, is located in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]]. Despite its small size, it is a full-scale university, with medicine, engineering and business schools.

==Politics==
New Hampshire is a [[swing state]] in presidential elections. By state law, it is the first state in the union to hold its [[primary election]] for [[President of the United States]] although the [[Iowa]] [[caucus]]es generally precede it. The village of [[Dixville Notch]], in the north of the state, is traditionally the first community to declare its result in the Presidential Election.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Jeanne Shaheen]] (D)
*Sen. [[Kelly Ayotte]] (R)
*Rep. [[Frank Guinta]] [R, NH-01]
*Rep. [[Charles Bass]] [R, NH-02]

===Statewide===
*Governor [[John H. Lynch]] (D)

==Notable residents==
* [[Dan Brown]], author of controversial novels, one of which, ''The [[Da Vinci Code]]'', made spurious claims attacking the Catholic Church.
* New Hampshire was the birthplace and home of President [[Franklin Pierce]].
* [[Gene Robinson]], the first openly homosexual [[bishop]] of an [[Episcopalian]] church, is the current bishop of the diocese of New Hampshire.
* [[Alan Shepard]], [[astronaut]] - first American in space, commander of [[Apollo 14]], and one of the men who have walked on the [[Moon]].
* [[David Souter]], [[Associate Justice]] of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] 1990-2009, who switched positions from [[conservative]] to [[liberal]] early in his term on the bench.

== See also ==

*[[State Governors]]

==References==
<references />

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]

New Hampshire

2011-02-18T21:43:03Z

BenjyB: link

{{USState
|name=New Hampshire
|flag=New_Hampshire_State_Flag.gif
|motto=Live Free or Die
|nick=The Granite State
|capital=Concord
|language=English
|governor=John H. Lynch
|gparty=Democrat
|senator2=Kelly Ayotte
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-3324
|s2email=no contact info
|senator1=Jeanne Shaheen
|s1party=Democrat
|s1phone=(202) 224-2841
|s1email=no contact info
|population=
|date=June 21, 1788 (9th)
}}
[[Image:New_hampshire.jpg|thumb|right|A map of New Hampshire.]]
'''New Hampshire''' is an American state, and was one of the first 13 states. It was the 9th state to ratify the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States of America]]. Its largest city is [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] and its capital is [[Concord]]. Its highest point is [[Mount Washington]], the highest point in [[New England]] at 6288' (1917m) and Mone of the windiest places on Earth.

New Hampshire had a fairly conservative foundation for example the "Live Free or Die" motto. The state has no personal [[income tax]] and no general [[sales tax]]. It is the first state to hold primary elections for US Presidential candidates. Recently, it was counted on as a solid center-left state with Democrat majorities in government and the population has more registered Democrats than Republicans. It voted for [[Barack Obama]] in the 2008 Presidential election and on June 3, 2009, the New Hampshire legislature passed a bill to make the state the sixth to allow [[gay marriage]]. However, during the [[2010 Midterm Elections]], [[Republican]]s won the U.S. Senate seat and both House seats, and took over clear majorites in both chambers of the State Legislator from the Democrats.

[[Dartmouth College]], the smallest of the [[Ivy League]] universities, is located in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]]. Despite its small size, it is a full-scale university, with medicine, engineering and business schools.

==Politics==
New Hampshire is a [[swing state]] in presidential elections. By state law, it is the first state in the union to hold its [[primary election]] for [[President of the United States]] although the [[Iowa]] [[caucus]]es generally precede it. The village of [[Dixville Notch]], in the north of the state, is traditionally the first community to declare its result in the Presidential Election.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Jeanne Shaheen]] (D)
*Sen. [[Kelly Ayotte]] (R)
*Rep. [[Frank Guinta]] [R, NH-01]
*Rep. [[Charles Bass]] [R, NH-02]

===Statewide===
*Governor [[John H. Lynch]] (D)

==Notable residents==
* [[Dan Brown]], author of controversial novels, one of which, ''The [[Da Vinci Code]]'', made spurious claims attacking the Catholic Church.
* New Hampshire was the birthplace and home of President [[Franklin Pierce]].
* [[Gene Robinson]], the first openly homosexual [[bishop]] of an [[Episcopalian]] church, is the current bishop of the diocese of New Hampshire.
* [[Alan Shepard]], [[astronaut]] - first American in space, commander of [[Apollo 14]], and one of the men who have walked on the [[Moon]].
* [[David Souter]], [[Associate Justice]] of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] 1990-2009, who switched positions from [[conservative]] to [[liberal]] early in his term on the bench.

== See also ==

*[[State Governors]]

==References==
<references />

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]

New Hampshire

2011-02-18T21:42:35Z

BenjyB: Mt Washington

{{USState
|name=New Hampshire
|flag=New_Hampshire_State_Flag.gif
|motto=Live Free or Die
|nick=The Granite State
|capital=Concord
|language=English
|governor=John H. Lynch
|gparty=Democrat
|senator2=Kelly Ayotte
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-3324
|s2email=no contact info
|senator1=Jeanne Shaheen
|s1party=Democrat
|s1phone=(202) 224-2841
|s1email=no contact info
|population=
|date=June 21, 1788 (9th)
}}
[[Image:New_hampshire.jpg|thumb|right|A map of New Hampshire.]]
'''New Hampshire''' is an American state, and was one of the first 13 states. It was the 9th state to ratify the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States of America]]. Its largest city is [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] and its capital is [[Concord]]. Its highest point is [[Mount Washington]], the highest point in New England at 6288' (1917m) and Mone of the windiest places on Earth.

New Hampshire had a fairly conservative foundation for example the "Live Free or Die" motto. The state has no personal [[income tax]] and no general [[sales tax]]. It is the first state to hold primary elections for US Presidential candidates. Recently, it was counted on as a solid center-left state with Democrat majorities in government and the population has more registered Democrats than Republicans. It voted for [[Barack Obama]] in the 2008 Presidential election and on June 3, 2009, the New Hampshire legislature passed a bill to make the state the sixth to allow [[gay marriage]]. However, during the [[2010 Midterm Elections]], [[Republican]]s won the U.S. Senate seat and both House seats, and took over clear majorites in both chambers of the State Legislator from the Democrats.

[[Dartmouth College]], the smallest of the [[Ivy League]] universities, is located in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]]. Despite its small size, it is a full-scale university, with medicine, engineering and business schools.

==Politics==
New Hampshire is a [[swing state]] in presidential elections. By state law, it is the first state in the union to hold its [[primary election]] for [[President of the United States]] although the [[Iowa]] [[caucus]]es generally precede it. The village of [[Dixville Notch]], in the north of the state, is traditionally the first community to declare its result in the Presidential Election.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Jeanne Shaheen]] (D)
*Sen. [[Kelly Ayotte]] (R)
*Rep. [[Frank Guinta]] [R, NH-01]
*Rep. [[Charles Bass]] [R, NH-02]

===Statewide===
*Governor [[John H. Lynch]] (D)

==Notable residents==
* [[Dan Brown]], author of controversial novels, one of which, ''The [[Da Vinci Code]]'', made spurious claims attacking the Catholic Church.
* New Hampshire was the birthplace and home of President [[Franklin Pierce]].
* [[Gene Robinson]], the first openly homosexual [[bishop]] of an [[Episcopalian]] church, is the current bishop of the diocese of New Hampshire.
* [[Alan Shepard]], [[astronaut]] - first American in space, commander of [[Apollo 14]], and one of the men who have walked on the [[Moon]].
* [[David Souter]], [[Associate Justice]] of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] 1990-2009, who switched positions from [[conservative]] to [[liberal]] early in his term on the bench.

== See also ==

*[[State Governors]]

==References==
<references />

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]

New Hampshire

2011-02-18T21:40:21Z

BenjyB: /* Politics */ Primaries

{{USState
|name=New Hampshire
|flag=New_Hampshire_State_Flag.gif
|motto=Live Free or Die
|nick=The Granite State
|capital=Concord
|language=English
|governor=John H. Lynch
|gparty=Democrat
|senator2=Kelly Ayotte
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-3324
|s2email=no contact info
|senator1=Jeanne Shaheen
|s1party=Democrat
|s1phone=(202) 224-2841
|s1email=no contact info
|population=
|date=June 21, 1788 (9th)
}}
[[Image:New_hampshire.jpg|thumb|right|A map of New Hampshire.]]
'''New Hampshire''' is an American state, and was one of the first 13 states. It was the 9th state to ratify the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States of America]]. Its largest city is [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] and its capital is [[Concord]]. Its highest point is [[Mount Washington]], one of the windiest places on Earth.

New Hampshire had a fairly conservative foundation for example the "Live Free or Die" motto. The state has no personal [[income tax]] and no general [[sales tax]]. It is the first state to hold primary elections for US Presidential candidates. Recently, it was counted on as a solid center-left state with Democrat majorities in government and the population has more registered Democrats than Republicans. It voted for [[Barack Obama]] in the 2008 Presidential election and on June 3, 2009, the New Hampshire legislature passed a bill to make the state the sixth to allow [[gay marriage]]. However, during the [[2010 Midterm Elections]], [[Republican]]s won the U.S. Senate seat and both House seats, and took over clear majorites in both chambers of the State Legislator from the Democrats.

[[Dartmouth College]], the smallest of the [[Ivy League]] universities, is located in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]]. Despite its small size, it is a full-scale university, with medicine, engineering and business schools.

==Politics==
New Hampshire is a [[swing state]] in presidential elections. By state law, it is the first state in the union to hold its [[primary election]] for [[President of the United States]] although the [[Iowa]] [[caucus]]es generally precede it. The village of [[Dixville Notch]], in the north of the state, is traditionally the first community to declare its result in the Presidential Election.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Jeanne Shaheen]] (D)
*Sen. [[Kelly Ayotte]] (R)
*Rep. [[Frank Guinta]] [R, NH-01]
*Rep. [[Charles Bass]] [R, NH-02]

===Statewide===
*Governor [[John H. Lynch]] (D)

==Notable residents==
* [[Dan Brown]], author of controversial novels, one of which, ''The [[Da Vinci Code]]'', made spurious claims attacking the Catholic Church.
* New Hampshire was the birthplace and home of President [[Franklin Pierce]].
* [[Gene Robinson]], the first openly homosexual [[bishop]] of an [[Episcopalian]] church, is the current bishop of the diocese of New Hampshire.
* [[Alan Shepard]], [[astronaut]] - first American in space, commander of [[Apollo 14]], and one of the men who have walked on the [[Moon]].
* [[David Souter]], [[Associate Justice]] of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] 1990-2009, who switched positions from [[conservative]] to [[liberal]] early in his term on the bench.

== See also ==

*[[State Governors]]

==References==
<references />

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-07T22:44:57Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Later Achievments==
* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion: deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]] age 32
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

So, most of the persons in the list made contributions to their field works overshadowing there achievements as teenagers.

[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:57, 27 December 2008 (EST)
:A corrosive attitude is not beneficial. If, as Andy suggested, you opened your mind you might find nmany more examples to support this case. Bear in mind: demolition is easy, to build takes effort! [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 08:59, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Jesus==

I'm not entirely certain I'm comfortable with including Jesus on a list of "teenagers." Part of that may just be a visceral reaction against applying the term to the Almighty, but setting that aside, I'm still not entirely sure he belongs on the list. After all, despite His physical age at the time he preached, He was still God, and therefore timeless and eternal. It's going to be a little hard for anyone, teenager or adult, to measure up to His list of accomplishments! --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 14:18, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==IQ Peak==

Although it is a hotly debated subject, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that IQ peaks in the pre-teen/teenage years. The linked article provides evidence to support that the rate of brain development peaks at this time, but this is idependant of a person's IQ.

To highlight the diparate viewpoints, it is possible to show an IQ peak at anywhere from 14-16yrs old, all the way up to 50yrs+ - depending on what you measure, how you measure and how you interpret your findings (as with many stats i suppose).

More info: http://www.albion.edu/psychology/fac_psyc/jwilson/psy101/intell.htm

Hope my edit is satisfactory --[[User:J00ni|J00ni]] 18:22, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==Mary as "17"==

Can I suggest using the word "uncertain" for Mary's age instead of assuming that it's 17? That takes nothing away from the assumption that she was a teenager when she gave birth, but it doesn't seem right for CP to state a specific age as if it were a fact when the comment goes on to acknowledge that the actual age was unknown. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 09:20, 30 December 2008 (EST)

: The footnote is clear enough. No one doubts she was a teenager, and 17 was an average age of betrothal. The purpose of this list is plainly not to pinpoint precise ages, but merely to show the teenagers as a group.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 09:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:: I don't disagree with that. I've added an asterisk after her age to highlight that it's an approximation, and leaving the rest as-is. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 10:03, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::It could be even earlier; in the middle ages it was not uncommon for girls to give birth at 14, so in this case I think it could be as young as 15 (but I think it's 16, personally). [[User:ETrundel|ETrundel]] 14:29, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::: I too was given to believe she was younger than 17 at the time. My maternal family line has a long tradition of Mary-derived names in firstborn daughters, (I'm Regina, yes, that's Mary Derived, have "Ave Regina") and my mother always told the story that she was around 15. When I was little that seemed quite grown up, but when I was 15 myself, it struck me just how very brave she was, and how young. I think the note of approximation is important for this reason, it is true she could have been as old as 17, but at that young age, two years is a world of difference in maturity and self assurance. If she was indeed younger than 17, bumping up her age underestimates the greatness of her faith. Best err on the side of caution and reverence. [[User:BirdieA|Birdie]] 13:25, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::::: I side with Birdie, I have always understood it as the age of 15. --Jpatt 14:27, 30 December 2008 (EST)

==Bill Gates==

A 13-year-old programming is not a remarkable achievement, and Gates' significant accomplishments occurred as a young adult, not a teen. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 14:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:I understand your point and I for one do not wish to glorify an atheist. By todays standards, that is not an achievement. At age thirteen in 1968, think about the computer he was working with? It is a bright child that succeeded, is it a great achievement? --Jpatt 14:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::Under further scrutiny, I have decided against including Bill Gates. What did he achieve at 13? computer skills, not a great achievement. Also, he has enough accolades, believes in the God of nothing (catch that prying eyes?), listed next to Anne, no way the two should reside together :) --Jpatt 20:28, 31 December 2008 (EST)

== remove some or move the page? ==

If it is going to be Great achievements be teenagers, then we need to limit the list to teenagers only, not 8 and 10 year olds and 20 year olds. We need to remove the non-teenagers from the list, or else change it to something like "great achievements by young people" --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 19:55, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:12 year olds are also not teenagers. It sounds like we're getting technical, but saying that 8, 10, 12 and 20 year olds are teenagers is effectively the same as saying girls who wear pants are boys. [[User:NormanS|NormanS]] 20:02, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::not really. It is more like saying that 4 is an odd number because it is close to 5 which is an odd number. --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 20:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

== Roger Mason entry ==

The Roger Mason entry does not rise to the level of achievement of the others. Even if it was a meaningful discovery, which is dubious, we don't have the shepherd who discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls and I don't see why would include Mason's "discovery" as a great achievement either.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:53, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:Although I didn't add that entry, I did feel it was right to change it to state it as ''what some believed'' rather state it as scientific fact. --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]/Admin[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]] 20:11, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:: I agree with your edit, and am suggesting that we go further and either toss the entry or downgrade it further in an appropriate way. It just does not rise to the level of, say, David slaying Goliath.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:37, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

::: OK, so I see there's been some discussion of Roger Mason. The point is that he didn't just stumble over some strange markings in the rock: he knew they were fossils and he knew the rocks were pre-Cambrian. His teenage open-mindedness led him to see what older, more closed-minded professors did not see. He had the confidence to go to a professor and tell him what he'd discovered - the professor didn't believe him till he'd seen it with his own eyes. A whole new era of biological life? A big discovery by anyone's standards. I've part-reverted the deletion, i.e. I've made it clear why it was such a big deal. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:30, 3 February 2011 (EST)

Mason's achievement is that he discovered the first fossil to come from rocks that were undoubtedly of a Pre-Cambrian era. Before that, the consensus of professional scientists was that there were no complex lifeforms before the Cambrian. Mason knew the rocks were Pre-Cambrian and he knew that what he found was a fossil. The fossil is named for the place it was found, Charnwood Forest, and for him: ''Charnia masoni''. Very very few people have revolutionised a whole area of science as teenages - Mason is one of them. You can read about it in New Scientist, issue of April 14, 2007.

The text I wrote looks pretty much correct (bar one spelling mistake). I suggest you re-insert it in the article:
'''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including Darwin, about life on Earth. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:26, 5 February 2011 (EST)
: There have been no objections to this text so I've added it to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 14:57, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::And I've removed it again. When the site owner and a senior administrator agree something should be removed, and tell you to discuss it on the talk page, you don't just add it back in without their input. Wait for their response. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]][[User talk:JacobB|Shout out!]] 15:10, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::: 1. When's he going to respond?
::: 2. I thought this was an encyclopedia that gathers knowledge from the public, not one person's private website.
::: 3. OK, I'll wait a little while longer. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:17, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::: Your edits are heavy on opinion without links to back it up. "Roger Mason" is a name few have heard of, and perhaps for good reason. You'll need to back up your claim with far more than you have before it merits inclusion in this impressive list. Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:36, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Responding to your request on my talk page, here are two key references and a brief commentary:
* http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/geoscientist/geonews/page4300.html: Explains the importance of the Ediacaran period in geology and explains the great importance of the discoveries made by teenager Roger Mason in revealing the origins of complex life forms in the pre-Cambrian period.
* http://wapedia.mobi/en/Charnia: Explains the importance of the fossils of the genus ''Charnia'' to studies of pre-Cambrian life and the important role that Roger Mason, as a teenager, played in discovering fossils within pre-Cambrian rocks.
* A ''New Scientist'' article (http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19425991.500-ediacarans-the-long-fuse-of-the-cambrian-explosion.html) reports the importance of the Ediacaran fauna and the personal role played by Mason but you need a subscription to read it in full.
[[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:55, 6 February 2011 (EST)
:::Perhaps you can also explain what is meant by "600 million years ago," given the fact that Biblical inerrancy as a pretty big deal 'round these parts. [[User:Martyp|Martyp]] 19:58, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::Benjy, greatness is not apparent from your descriptions, or the links. At best it appears that some teenagers stumbled upon some fossils, of which there are millions, and then speculation by some professors followed. This hardly ranks with, for example, the achievements of the author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], wbich is part of the most influential book of all time.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:27, 6 February 2011 (EST)

::::Perhaps the better comparison would be with Kathryn Aurora Gray. --[[User:CecilQ|CecilQ]] 21:29, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Aschlafly, you're missing the point: Mason's breakthrough was that '''''as a schoolboy''''' he recognised fossils in what he knew were pre-Cambrian rocks. The very strong consensus among professional / academic geologists at the time was that there were '''no''' complex life-forms in the pre-Cambrian - and hence no complex fossils in pre-Cambrian rocks. Mason, as a teenager, was not hide-bound by the preconceptions of the academic world. This exactly fits your own criterion of "the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews".

As for the the scale of his achievement, there are 11 recognized geological eras and Mason discovered the first fossils recognized to definitely come from one of them ''and knew exactly what he had done'' (i.e. unlike the shephard discovering the Dead Sea Scrolls, who had no idea what the pieces of parchment were). That's a pretty big deal

Another good reference is this radio programme (''In Our Time'', a weekly science-for-non-scientists programme on a talk radio channel over here): http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lh2s3.

Martyp, young earth creationism may be a big deal for some people round here but evidently not everybody: I've read enough CP to know that.

I'll give it an hour or so to let others respond further, then make the appropriate edit to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:32, 7 February 2011 (EST)

: Well, it's now ''two'' hours later and there haven't been any adverse comments. So as there are no further objections, I've restored the entry for Roger Mason. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 17:44, 7 February 2011 (EST)

== ''Teen''agers ==

I noticed that there are a few people on this list that are not teenagers and so must have been added by mistake - shall I go ahead and remove them so that the article's content matches its title? I don't want to do so without asking as I'm new here.  [[User:BobG|BobG]] 12:55, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:You haven't said what you think are mistakes. Go ahead and edit the content entry and let's what you think are mistakes.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:Bob, the individuals listed with a non-teen year obviously had remarkable contributions as teenagers also.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

::Sorry, I hadn't realized that! Shall we rephrase their entries in order to make that clear, such as by listing the teenage achievements primarily (along with the age at that point) and giving the currently listed achievements as footnotes or 'also achieved' in parentheses)? If you can help me finding information on these teenage achievements I'd be delighted to take on the task! Thanks. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 14:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

Apart from the interesting idea that 10 year-old Kathryn Aurora Gray is a [[teenager]], is a source (from main page news report - which I added to entry) like [[CNN]], owned by [[leftist]] mogul [[Ted Turner]], with its [[liberal bias]] and support for the [[liberal]] agenda really a reliable source? The article claims the supernova happened 240 million years ago which is patent nonsense since that predates [[creation]]. CNN also claim that the girl’s father was an amateur astronomer, however, according to [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/01/10-year-old-girl-becomes-youngest-person-to-discover-a-supernova/68911/ this source] the girl’s father is a professional astronomer, so it seems extremely likely that this is an example of [[liberal deceit]] and [[professor values]] where unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge are being made on behalf of a child in a [[Narcissism|narcissistic]] frenzy of publicity seeking [[liberal arrogance]]. [[User:AmandaBunting|AmandaBunting]] 14:21, 6 January 2011 (EST)

:The quibble is over the term "teenagers", and this suggestion could be made into a constructive one if we renamed the article to something like [[Great achievements by young people]].

:As a middle aged man, I am far from discouraging the next generation to make contributions. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 12:45, 7 February 2011 (EST)

== Zuckerberg "commercializes" Facebook==

I'm curious about the choice of words for the Zuckerberg entry. Why "commercialized" instead of "created"? Is it because there's an argument over who really created the site? "Commercializing" doesn't seem like such a great achievement. [[User:EMorris|EMorris]] 11:47, 7 February 2011 (EST)

:My understanding is that Facebook was created for Harvard students, and existed in that form before it was commercialized. I agree that commercializing something is not as great an achievement as other items on the list.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:02, 7 February 2011 (EST)

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-07T22:43:49Z

BenjyB: Undo revision 847224 by JacobB (talk)Roger Mason

Most of the '''great achievements''' throughout history in the fields of art, culture, science and technology have been by '''teenagers'''. This may be because they are able to think in new and innovative ways, or their thinking is not hidebound by discredited nostrums; it may be attributable to great teachers and great schooling - including homeschooling. It may simply be the emergence of God-given talent at an early age, and the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews. Biologically the rate of brain development, and according to some studies [[IQ]], reportedly peak in smart individuals just prior to their teenage years.<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/30/science/sci-brain30</ref>

==Achievements, listed by age at which they were made==

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin gives his first solo violin performance with the San Francisco Symphony in 1923.
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] plays his first public piano performance, having already authored two polonaises (G minor and B flat major) at age 7.
* '''10''' - [[Mark]], author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], witnesses the arrest of Jesus and develops the first [[Gospel]].
* '''10''' - Michael Kearney, [[homeschooled]], becomes the world's youngest university graduate.<ref>He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of South Alabama.</ref>At age 17, began a teaching career at college. <ref>[http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617185918AAum3vj Who is the YOUNGEST person to graduate college?] Yahoo Answers</ref>
* '''10''' - Kathryn Aurora Gray, of Fredericton, New Brunswick, discovered supernova 2010lt.<ref>http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/04/girl-10-becomes-youngest-to-discover-supernova/ CNN</ref>
* '''10''' - Terence Tao, the youngest ever medalist in International Mathematical Olympiad.
* '''11''' - William James Sidis, became the youngest ever student at Harvard College in 1909.
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] had secretly worked out the first twenty-three propositions of Euclid by himself.
* '''12''' - [[Jesus]] presents His wisdom in the temple in [[Jerusalem]].
* '''12''' - William "Willie" Johnson earned the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions during the [[Seven Days Battle]] and on the [[Peninsula Campaign]] during the [[American Civil War]]. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_1862_cwh/johnston_willie.html]
* '''12''' - William Rowan Hamilton, by this age had mastered [[Arabic]], [[Hebrew]], [[Persian]], [[Greek]], [[Latin]], Syriac, and Sanskrit among other [[languages]].
* '''13''' - [[Jonathan Krohn]] homeschooled, actor, internet radio host, guest speaker at [[CPAC]], author of ''Defining Conservatism''.
* '''13''' - [[John]] wrote the first draft of the [[Gospel of John]], the greatest written work of all time.<ref>[[Mystery:Was John a Child?]]</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] was inspired and led [[France]] five years later to victory over the English in the [[Hundred Years War]]; was martyred at age 19.<ref>http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/Joan_of_Arc.shtml</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl."
* '''14''' - [[David]] slays [[Goliath]].
* '''14''' - Ismail founded the Safavid dynasty and became its "shah" (military and spiritual ruler)
* '''14''' - [[Bobby Fischer]] became an International [[Chess]] Grandmaster.
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]] wrote the opera, "Mitridate Rè di Ponto."
* '''14''' - [[Nadia Comaneci]] "achieved in her sport what no [[Olympian]], male or female, ever had before: perfection."<ref>http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/events/1996/olympics/daily/july25/flashback.html</ref>
* '''14''' - [[St. Theresa of Lisieux]] rejected by Bishop Hugonin, pleads with Pope Leo XIII so she may enter the Carmelites. Became Carmelite nun at age 15.
* '''14''' - Bernadette Soubirous (St Bernadette of Lourdes) has a vision of the Virgin Mary
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system.
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 32 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''16''' - Boy sailor Jack Cornwall, of HMS Chester, is awarded a [[posthumous]] [[VC]] for gallantry at the [[Battle of Jutland]].
* '''16''' - the average age of 58 [[homeschooled]] teenagers who founded Conservapedia, so that the light of truth would continue to shine and darkness would not overcome it.
* '''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the [[Ediacaran]] (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including [[Darwin]], about life on Earth.
* '''17''' - Cassie Bernall defended her [[faith]] in front of an [[atheistic]] gunman at the [[Columbine massacre]], and was martyred for it<ref>Two witnesses, Craig Scott and Joshua Lapp, confirmed a question-and-answer confrontation; others said Cassie was praying when murdered.[http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/c/cassie.htm]</ref>
* '''17*''' - [[Mary]] accepts [[God]]'s will to conceive [[Jesus]] by the [[Holy Spirit]], and gives birth nine months later.<ref>Mary's exact age is not known, but she was old enough to marry under Jewish law and was almost certainly a teenager.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm]</ref>
* '''17''' - Shawn Fanning develops the first large-scale peer-to-peer file sharing program, Napster
* '''17''' - Private 1st Class Jacklyn H. Lucas, [[United States Marine Corps]], earned the [[Medal of Honor]] five days after his 17th birthday during the [[Iwo Jima]] battle in [[World War II]]; he was a Marine for ''three years''. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_living/ii_mc_lucas.html]
* '''18''' - Lila Rose, a [[UCLA]] student who had been [[homeschooled]], goes undercover and does a stinging expose of an [[abortion]] clinic.<ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2007/may/07051504</ref>
* '''18''' - Shawn Goldsmith from Long Island has earned all 121 merit badges offered by the Boy Scouts. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473964,00.html Boy Scout Earns All 121 Merit Badges] AP, December 30, 2008</ref>
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus), later published when she was 21.
* '''18''' - [[Gary Kasparov]], considered the greatest [[chess]] player ever, won the [[U.S.S.R.]] championship.
* '''19''' - Captain Albert Ball, [[VC]], MC, DSO & 2 bars, commences his career as a fighter pilot. By the time he is killed, aged 20, in 1917, he has become one of the [[First World War]]'s greatest air aces, accounting for at least 44 [[German]] aircraft.
* '''19''' - was the average age of front-line [[US]] service personnel fighting to defend democracy in [[Indochina]] during the [[Vietnam War]].
* '''19''' - [[Evariste Galois]] applies [[group theory]] to the unsolvability of polynomial equations, before his death in a duel at age 20.
* '''19''' - [[John D. Rockefeller]] starts a new company, turning an enormous profit in its first year, and became the most influential businessman in history.<ref>http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Rockefeller-John-D.html</ref>
* '''19''' - [[Steve Jobs]] begins collaborating in electronics with Steve Wozniak<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/jobs.htm</ref> in electronics, and developed the personal computer within two years.
* '''19''' - [[Mark Zuckerberg]] commercializes [[Facebook]], which later became the leading social networking system on the [[internet]].
* '''19''' - Jim Ryun broke the world record for running the mile.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.
* '''20''' - Willis Carrier invents air conditioning.

(add more, sorted by age and then alphabetically)

== See also ==

*[[Gallery of American Heroes]]
*[[Gallery of British Heroes]]

==External Links==
*[http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-child-prodigies/ Top 10 Child Prodigies]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Achievement]]

Super Bowl

2011-02-07T20:38:59Z

BenjyB: Updating SB45

The '''Super Bowl''' is the [[National Football League]] (NFL) Championship Game played between the [[National Football Conference]] (NFC) and [[American Football Conference]] (AFC). The first Super Bowl ever played was in 1967 as a championship game between the top teams in the National Football League and the now-defunct [[American Football League]] (AFL). The teams that played in the first Super Bowl were the [[Green Bay Packers]] from the NFL and the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] from the AFL. After the AFL's merger into the NFL in 1969, the Super Bowl became the championship game within the NFL pitting the top teams from the AFC and NFC. The winners of the Super Bowl are awarded the [[Vince Lombardi]] Trophy, named for the Packer's legendary coach during the 1960's.

Super Bowl XLV was played in [[Dallas]] TX on February 6, 2011 between the Green Bay Packers, the NFC Champions, and the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], the AFC Champions. The Packers won Super Bowl XLV 31 - 25 (four converted touchdowns and one field goal to two converted touchdowns, one two-point converted touchdown, and a field goal). Aaron Rodgers, the Packers quarterback, was named Most Valuable Player.

The teams who contested Super Bowl XLV are two of the most successful in NFL history. The Steelers won six Super Bowl championships prior to Super Bowl XLV; the Packers have now won four Super Bowls and also hold the record for NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era.

[[File:Super Bowl 2011 Cowboys Stadium.jpg]]

== See also ==

*[[Vince Lombardi]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.nfl.com/history NFL History]
*[http://www.superbowl.com/ Official Website of Super Bowl]

[[Category:National Football League]]
[[Category:Super Bowls|*]]
[[Category:Sports Championships]]

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-07T20:32:51Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */ Answering Aschlafly's questions

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Later Achievments==
* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion: deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]] age 32
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

So, most of the persons in the list made contributions to their field works overshadowing there achievements as teenagers.

[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:57, 27 December 2008 (EST)
:A corrosive attitude is not beneficial. If, as Andy suggested, you opened your mind you might find nmany more examples to support this case. Bear in mind: demolition is easy, to build takes effort! [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 08:59, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Jesus==

I'm not entirely certain I'm comfortable with including Jesus on a list of "teenagers." Part of that may just be a visceral reaction against applying the term to the Almighty, but setting that aside, I'm still not entirely sure he belongs on the list. After all, despite His physical age at the time he preached, He was still God, and therefore timeless and eternal. It's going to be a little hard for anyone, teenager or adult, to measure up to His list of accomplishments! --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 14:18, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==IQ Peak==

Although it is a hotly debated subject, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that IQ peaks in the pre-teen/teenage years. The linked article provides evidence to support that the rate of brain development peaks at this time, but this is idependant of a person's IQ.

To highlight the diparate viewpoints, it is possible to show an IQ peak at anywhere from 14-16yrs old, all the way up to 50yrs+ - depending on what you measure, how you measure and how you interpret your findings (as with many stats i suppose).

More info: http://www.albion.edu/psychology/fac_psyc/jwilson/psy101/intell.htm

Hope my edit is satisfactory --[[User:J00ni|J00ni]] 18:22, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==Mary as "17"==

Can I suggest using the word "uncertain" for Mary's age instead of assuming that it's 17? That takes nothing away from the assumption that she was a teenager when she gave birth, but it doesn't seem right for CP to state a specific age as if it were a fact when the comment goes on to acknowledge that the actual age was unknown. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 09:20, 30 December 2008 (EST)

: The footnote is clear enough. No one doubts she was a teenager, and 17 was an average age of betrothal. The purpose of this list is plainly not to pinpoint precise ages, but merely to show the teenagers as a group.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 09:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:: I don't disagree with that. I've added an asterisk after her age to highlight that it's an approximation, and leaving the rest as-is. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 10:03, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::It could be even earlier; in the middle ages it was not uncommon for girls to give birth at 14, so in this case I think it could be as young as 15 (but I think it's 16, personally). [[User:ETrundel|ETrundel]] 14:29, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::: I too was given to believe she was younger than 17 at the time. My maternal family line has a long tradition of Mary-derived names in firstborn daughters, (I'm Regina, yes, that's Mary Derived, have "Ave Regina") and my mother always told the story that she was around 15. When I was little that seemed quite grown up, but when I was 15 myself, it struck me just how very brave she was, and how young. I think the note of approximation is important for this reason, it is true she could have been as old as 17, but at that young age, two years is a world of difference in maturity and self assurance. If she was indeed younger than 17, bumping up her age underestimates the greatness of her faith. Best err on the side of caution and reverence. [[User:BirdieA|Birdie]] 13:25, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::::: I side with Birdie, I have always understood it as the age of 15. --Jpatt 14:27, 30 December 2008 (EST)

==Bill Gates==

A 13-year-old programming is not a remarkable achievement, and Gates' significant accomplishments occurred as a young adult, not a teen. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 14:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:I understand your point and I for one do not wish to glorify an atheist. By todays standards, that is not an achievement. At age thirteen in 1968, think about the computer he was working with? It is a bright child that succeeded, is it a great achievement? --Jpatt 14:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::Under further scrutiny, I have decided against including Bill Gates. What did he achieve at 13? computer skills, not a great achievement. Also, he has enough accolades, believes in the God of nothing (catch that prying eyes?), listed next to Anne, no way the two should reside together :) --Jpatt 20:28, 31 December 2008 (EST)

== remove some or move the page? ==

If it is going to be Great achievements be teenagers, then we need to limit the list to teenagers only, not 8 and 10 year olds and 20 year olds. We need to remove the non-teenagers from the list, or else change it to something like "great achievements by young people" --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 19:55, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:12 year olds are also not teenagers. It sounds like we're getting technical, but saying that 8, 10, 12 and 20 year olds are teenagers is effectively the same as saying girls who wear pants are boys. [[User:NormanS|NormanS]] 20:02, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::not really. It is more like saying that 4 is an odd number because it is close to 5 which is an odd number. --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 20:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

== Roger Mason entry ==

The Roger Mason entry does not rise to the level of achievement of the others. Even if it was a meaningful discovery, which is dubious, we don't have the shepherd who discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls and I don't see why would include Mason's "discovery" as a great achievement either.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:53, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:Although I didn't add that entry, I did feel it was right to change it to state it as ''what some believed'' rather state it as scientific fact. --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]/Admin[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]] 20:11, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:: I agree with your edit, and am suggesting that we go further and either toss the entry or downgrade it further in an appropriate way. It just does not rise to the level of, say, David slaying Goliath.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:37, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

::: OK, so I see there's been some discussion of Roger Mason. The point is that he didn't just stumble over some strange markings in the rock: he knew they were fossils and he knew the rocks were pre-Cambrian. His teenage open-mindedness led him to see what older, more closed-minded professors did not see. He had the confidence to go to a professor and tell him what he'd discovered - the professor didn't believe him till he'd seen it with his own eyes. A whole new era of biological life? A big discovery by anyone's standards. I've part-reverted the deletion, i.e. I've made it clear why it was such a big deal. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:30, 3 February 2011 (EST)

Mason's achievement is that he discovered the first fossil to come from rocks that were undoubtedly of a Pre-Cambrian era. Before that, the consensus of professional scientists was that there were no complex lifeforms before the Cambrian. Mason knew the rocks were Pre-Cambrian and he knew that what he found was a fossil. The fossil is named for the place it was found, Charnwood Forest, and for him: ''Charnia masoni''. Very very few people have revolutionised a whole area of science as teenages - Mason is one of them. You can read about it in New Scientist, issue of April 14, 2007.

The text I wrote looks pretty much correct (bar one spelling mistake). I suggest you re-insert it in the article:
'''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including Darwin, about life on Earth. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:26, 5 February 2011 (EST)
: There have been no objections to this text so I've added it to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 14:57, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::And I've removed it again. When the site owner and a senior administrator agree something should be removed, and tell you to discuss it on the talk page, you don't just add it back in without their input. Wait for their response. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]][[User talk:JacobB|Shout out!]] 15:10, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::: 1. When's he going to respond?
::: 2. I thought this was an encyclopedia that gathers knowledge from the public, not one person's private website.
::: 3. OK, I'll wait a little while longer. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:17, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::: Your edits are heavy on opinion without links to back it up. "Roger Mason" is a name few have heard of, and perhaps for good reason. You'll need to back up your claim with far more than you have before it merits inclusion in this impressive list. Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:36, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Responding to your request on my talk page, here are two key references and a brief commentary:
* http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/geoscientist/geonews/page4300.html: Explains the importance of the Ediacaran period in geology and explains the great importance of the discoveries made by teenager Roger Mason in revealing the origins of complex life forms in the pre-Cambrian period.
* http://wapedia.mobi/en/Charnia: Explains the importance of the fossils of the genus ''Charnia'' to studies of pre-Cambrian life and the important role that Roger Mason, as a teenager, played in discovering fossils within pre-Cambrian rocks.
* A ''New Scientist'' article (http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19425991.500-ediacarans-the-long-fuse-of-the-cambrian-explosion.html) reports the importance of the Ediacaran fauna and the personal role played by Mason but you need a subscription to read it in full.
[[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:55, 6 February 2011 (EST)
:::Perhaps you can also explain what is meant by "600 million years ago," given the fact that Biblical inerrancy as a pretty big deal 'round these parts. [[User:Martyp|Martyp]] 19:58, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::Benjy, greatness is not apparent from your descriptions, or the links. At best it appears that some teenagers stumbled upon some fossils, of which there are millions, and then speculation by some professors followed. This hardly ranks with, for example, the achievements of the author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], wbich is part of the most influential book of all time.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:27, 6 February 2011 (EST)

::::Perhaps the better comparison would be with Kathryn Aurora Gray. --[[User:CecilQ|CecilQ]] 21:29, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Aschlafly, you're missing the point: Mason's breakthrough was that '''''as a schoolboy''''' he recognised fossils in what he knew were pre-Cambrian rocks. The very strong consensus among professional / academic geologists at the time was that there were '''no''' complex life-forms in the pre-Cambrian - and hence no complex fossils in pre-Cambrian rocks. Mason, as a teenager, was not hide-bound by the preconceptions of the academic world. This exactly fits your own criterion of "the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews".

As for the the scale of his achievement, there are 11 recognized geological eras and Mason discovered the first fossils recognized to definitely come from one of them ''and knew exactly what he had done'' (i.e. unlike the shephard discovering the Dead Sea Scrolls, who had no idea what the pieces of parchment were). That's a pretty big deal

Another good reference is this radio programme (''In Our Time'', a weekly science-for-non-scientists programme on a talk radio channel over here): http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lh2s3.

Martyp, young earth creationism may be a big deal for some people round here but evidently not everybody: I've read enough CP to know that.

I'll give it an hour or so to let others respond further, then make the appropriate edit to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:32, 7 February 2011 (EST)

== ''Teen''agers ==

I noticed that there are a few people on this list that are not teenagers and so must have been added by mistake - shall I go ahead and remove them so that the article's content matches its title? I don't want to do so without asking as I'm new here.  [[User:BobG|BobG]] 12:55, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:You haven't said what you think are mistakes. Go ahead and edit the content entry and let's what you think are mistakes.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:Bob, the individuals listed with a non-teen year obviously had remarkable contributions as teenagers also.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

::Sorry, I hadn't realized that! Shall we rephrase their entries in order to make that clear, such as by listing the teenage achievements primarily (along with the age at that point) and giving the currently listed achievements as footnotes or 'also achieved' in parentheses)? If you can help me finding information on these teenage achievements I'd be delighted to take on the task! Thanks. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 14:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

Apart from the interesting idea that 10 year-old Kathryn Aurora Gray is a [[teenager]], is a source (from main page news report - which I added to entry) like [[CNN]], owned by [[leftist]] mogul [[Ted Turner]], with its [[liberal bias]] and support for the [[liberal]] agenda really a reliable source? The article claims the supernova happened 240 million years ago which is patent nonsense since that predates [[creation]]. CNN also claim that the girl’s father was an amateur astronomer, however, according to [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/01/10-year-old-girl-becomes-youngest-person-to-discover-a-supernova/68911/ this source] the girl’s father is a professional astronomer, so it seems extremely likely that this is an example of [[liberal deceit]] and [[professor values]] where unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge are being made on behalf of a child in a [[Narcissism|narcissistic]] frenzy of publicity seeking [[liberal arrogance]]. [[User:AmandaBunting|AmandaBunting]] 14:21, 6 January 2011 (EST)

:The quibble is over the term "teenagers", and this suggestion could be made into a constructive one if we renamed the article to something like [[Great achievements by young people]].

:As a middle aged man, I am far from discouraging the next generation to make contributions. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 12:45, 7 February 2011 (EST)

== Zuckerberg "commercializes" Facebook==

I'm curious about the choice of words for the Zuckerberg entry. Why "commercialized" instead of "created"? Is it because there's an argument over who really created the site? "Commercializing" doesn't seem like such a great achievement. [[User:EMorris|EMorris]] 11:47, 7 February 2011 (EST)

:My understanding is that Facebook was created for Harvard students, and existed in that form before it was commercialized. I agree that commercializing something is not as great an achievement as other items on the list.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:02, 7 February 2011 (EST)

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-07T00:59:27Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */ sp.

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Later Achievments==
* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion: deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]] age 32
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

So, most of the persons in the list made contributions to their field works overshadowing there achievements as teenagers.

[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:57, 27 December 2008 (EST)
:A corrosive attitude is not beneficial. If, as Andy suggested, you opened your mind you might find nmany more examples to support this case. Bear in mind: demolition is easy, to build takes effort! [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 08:59, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Jesus==

I'm not entirely certain I'm comfortable with including Jesus on a list of "teenagers." Part of that may just be a visceral reaction against applying the term to the Almighty, but setting that aside, I'm still not entirely sure he belongs on the list. After all, despite His physical age at the time he preached, He was still God, and therefore timeless and eternal. It's going to be a little hard for anyone, teenager or adult, to measure up to His list of accomplishments! --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 14:18, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==IQ Peak==

Although it is a hotly debated subject, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that IQ peaks in the pre-teen/teenage years. The linked article provides evidence to support that the rate of brain development peaks at this time, but this is idependant of a person's IQ.

To highlight the diparate viewpoints, it is possible to show an IQ peak at anywhere from 14-16yrs old, all the way up to 50yrs+ - depending on what you measure, how you measure and how you interpret your findings (as with many stats i suppose).

More info: http://www.albion.edu/psychology/fac_psyc/jwilson/psy101/intell.htm

Hope my edit is satisfactory --[[User:J00ni|J00ni]] 18:22, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==Mary as "17"==

Can I suggest using the word "uncertain" for Mary's age instead of assuming that it's 17? That takes nothing away from the assumption that she was a teenager when she gave birth, but it doesn't seem right for CP to state a specific age as if it were a fact when the comment goes on to acknowledge that the actual age was unknown. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 09:20, 30 December 2008 (EST)

: The footnote is clear enough. No one doubts she was a teenager, and 17 was an average age of betrothal. The purpose of this list is plainly not to pinpoint precise ages, but merely to show the teenagers as a group.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 09:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:: I don't disagree with that. I've added an asterisk after her age to highlight that it's an approximation, and leaving the rest as-is. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 10:03, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::It could be even earlier; in the middle ages it was not uncommon for girls to give birth at 14, so in this case I think it could be as young as 15 (but I think it's 16, personally). [[User:ETrundel|ETrundel]] 14:29, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::: I too was given to believe she was younger than 17 at the time. My maternal family line has a long tradition of Mary-derived names in firstborn daughters, (I'm Regina, yes, that's Mary Derived, have "Ave Regina") and my mother always told the story that she was around 15. When I was little that seemed quite grown up, but when I was 15 myself, it struck me just how very brave she was, and how young. I think the note of approximation is important for this reason, it is true she could have been as old as 17, but at that young age, two years is a world of difference in maturity and self assurance. If she was indeed younger than 17, bumping up her age underestimates the greatness of her faith. Best err on the side of caution and reverence. [[User:BirdieA|Birdie]] 13:25, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::::: I side with Birdie, I have always understood it as the age of 15. --Jpatt 14:27, 30 December 2008 (EST)

==Bill Gates==

A 13-year-old programming is not a remarkable achievement, and Gates' significant accomplishments occurred as a young adult, not a teen. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 14:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:I understand your point and I for one do not wish to glorify an atheist. By todays standards, that is not an achievement. At age thirteen in 1968, think about the computer he was working with? It is a bright child that succeeded, is it a great achievement? --Jpatt 14:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::Under further scrutiny, I have decided against including Bill Gates. What did he achieve at 13? computer skills, not a great achievement. Also, he has enough accolades, believes in the God of nothing (catch that prying eyes?), listed next to Anne, no way the two should reside together :) --Jpatt 20:28, 31 December 2008 (EST)

== remove some or move the page? ==

If it is going to be Great achievements be teenagers, then we need to limit the list to teenagers only, not 8 and 10 year olds and 20 year olds. We need to remove the non-teenagers from the list, or else change it to something like "great achievements by young people" --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 19:55, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:12 year olds are also not teenagers. It sounds like we're getting technical, but saying that 8, 10, 12 and 20 year olds are teenagers is effectively the same as saying girls who wear pants are boys. [[User:NormanS|NormanS]] 20:02, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::not really. It is more like saying that 4 is an odd number because it is close to 5 which is an odd number. --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 20:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

== Roger Mason entry ==

The Roger Mason entry does not rise to the level of achievement of the others. Even if it was a meaningful discovery, which is dubious, we don't have the shepherd who discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls and I don't see why would include Mason's "discovery" as a great achievement either.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:53, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:Although I didn't add that entry, I did feel it was right to change it to state it as ''what some believed'' rather state it as scientific fact. --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]/Admin[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]] 20:11, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:: I agree with your edit, and am suggesting that we go further and either toss the entry or downgrade it further in an appropriate way. It just does not rise to the level of, say, David slaying Goliath.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:37, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

::: OK, so I see there's been some discussion of Roger Mason. The point is that he didn't just stumble over some strange markings in the rock: he knew they were fossils and he knew the rocks were pre-Cambrian. His teenage open-mindedness led him to see what older, more closed-minded professors did not see. He had the confidence to go to a professor and tell him what he'd discovered - the professor didn't believe him till he'd seen it with his own eyes. A whole new era of biological life? A big discovery by anyone's standards. I've part-reverted the deletion, i.e. I've made it clear why it was such a big deal. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:30, 3 February 2011 (EST)

Mason's achievement is that he discovered the first fossil to come from rocks that were undoubtedly of a Pre-Cambrian era. Before that, the consensus of professional scientists was that there were no complex lifeforms before the Cambrian. Mason knew the rocks were Pre-Cambrian and he knew that what he found was a fossil. The fossil is named for the place it was found, Charnwood Forest, and for him: ''Charnia masoni''. Very very few people have revolutionised a whole area of science as teenages - Mason is one of them. You can read about it in New Scientist, issue of April 14, 2007.

The text I wrote looks pretty much correct (bar one spelling mistake). I suggest you re-insert it in the article:
'''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including Darwin, about life on Earth. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:26, 5 February 2011 (EST)
: There have been no objections to this text so I've added it to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 14:57, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::And I've removed it again. When the site owner and a senior administrator agree something should be removed, and tell you to discuss it on the talk page, you don't just add it back in without their input. Wait for their response. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]][[User talk:JacobB|Shout out!]] 15:10, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::: 1. When's he going to respond?
::: 2. I thought this was an encyclopedia that gathers knowledge from the public, not one person's private website.
::: 3. OK, I'll wait a little while longer. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:17, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::: Your edits are heavy on opinion without links to back it up. "Roger Mason" is a name few have heard of, and perhaps for good reason. You'll need to back up your claim with far more than you have before it merits inclusion in this impressive list. Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:36, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Responding to your request on my talk page, here are two key references and a brief commentary:
* http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/geoscientist/geonews/page4300.html: Explains the importance of the Ediacaran period in geology and explains the great importance of the discoveries made by teenager Roger Mason in revealing the origins of complex life forms in the pre-Cambrian period.
* http://wapedia.mobi/en/Charnia: Explains the importance of the fossils of the genus ''Charnia'' to studies of pre-Cambrian life and the important role that Roger Mason, as a teenager, played in discovering fossils within pre-Cambrian rocks.
* A ''New Scientist'' article (http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19425991.500-ediacarans-the-long-fuse-of-the-cambrian-explosion.html) reports the importance of the Ediacaran fauna and the personal role played by Mason but you need a subscription to read it in full.
[[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:55, 6 February 2011 (EST)
:::Perhaps you can also explain what is meant by "600 million years ago," given the fact that Biblical inerrancy as a pretty big deal 'round these parts. [[User:Martyp|Martyp]] 19:58, 6 February 2011 (EST)

== ''Teen''agers ==

Hi, just found this excellent website whilst searching for information on young Kathryn Aurora Gray's outstanding achievement - I will certainly be reading through a lot more articles here and encourage my friends at church to do the same!
However I noticed that there are a few people on this list that are not teenagers and so must have been added by mistake - shall I go ahead and remove them so that the article's content matches its title? I don't want to do so without asking as I'm new here. Thanks and God bless. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 12:55, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:You haven't said what you think are mistakes. Go ahead and edit the content entry and let's what you think are mistakes.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:Bob, the individuals listed with a non-teen year obviously had remarkable contributions as teenagers also.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

::Sorry, I hadn't realized that! Shall we rephrase their entries in order to make that clear, such as by listing the teenage achievements primarily (along with the age at that point) and giving the currently listed achievements as footnotes or 'also achieved' in parentheses)? If you can help me finding information on these teenage achievements I'd be delighted to take on the task! Thanks. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 14:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

Apart from the interesting idea that 10 year-old Kathryn Aurora Gray is a [[teenager]], is a source (from main page news report - which I added to entry) like [[CNN]], owned by [[leftist]] mogul [[Ted Turner]], with its [[liberal bias]] and support for the [[liberal]] agenda really a reliable source? The article claims the supernova happened 240 million years ago which is patent nonsense since that predates [[creation]]. CNN also claim that the girl’s father was an amateur astronomer, however, according to [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/01/10-year-old-girl-becomes-youngest-person-to-discover-a-supernova/68911/ this source] the girl’s father is a professional astronomer, so it seems extremely likely that this is an example of [[liberal deceit]] and [[professor values]] where unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge are being made on behalf of a child in a [[Narcissism|narcissistic]] frenzy of publicity seeking [[liberal arrogance]]. [[User:AmandaBunting|AmandaBunting]] 14:21, 6 January 2011 (EST)

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-07T00:55:30Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */ Selected links + commentary

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Later Achievments==
* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion: deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]] age 32
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

So, most of the persons in the list made contributions to their field works overshadowing there achievements as teenagers.

[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:57, 27 December 2008 (EST)
:A corrosive attitude is not beneficial. If, as Andy suggested, you opened your mind you might find nmany more examples to support this case. Bear in mind: demolition is easy, to build takes effort! [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 08:59, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Jesus==

I'm not entirely certain I'm comfortable with including Jesus on a list of "teenagers." Part of that may just be a visceral reaction against applying the term to the Almighty, but setting that aside, I'm still not entirely sure he belongs on the list. After all, despite His physical age at the time he preached, He was still God, and therefore timeless and eternal. It's going to be a little hard for anyone, teenager or adult, to measure up to His list of accomplishments! --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 14:18, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==IQ Peak==

Although it is a hotly debated subject, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that IQ peaks in the pre-teen/teenage years. The linked article provides evidence to support that the rate of brain development peaks at this time, but this is idependant of a person's IQ.

To highlight the diparate viewpoints, it is possible to show an IQ peak at anywhere from 14-16yrs old, all the way up to 50yrs+ - depending on what you measure, how you measure and how you interpret your findings (as with many stats i suppose).

More info: http://www.albion.edu/psychology/fac_psyc/jwilson/psy101/intell.htm

Hope my edit is satisfactory --[[User:J00ni|J00ni]] 18:22, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==Mary as "17"==

Can I suggest using the word "uncertain" for Mary's age instead of assuming that it's 17? That takes nothing away from the assumption that she was a teenager when she gave birth, but it doesn't seem right for CP to state a specific age as if it were a fact when the comment goes on to acknowledge that the actual age was unknown. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 09:20, 30 December 2008 (EST)

: The footnote is clear enough. No one doubts she was a teenager, and 17 was an average age of betrothal. The purpose of this list is plainly not to pinpoint precise ages, but merely to show the teenagers as a group.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 09:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:: I don't disagree with that. I've added an asterisk after her age to highlight that it's an approximation, and leaving the rest as-is. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 10:03, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::It could be even earlier; in the middle ages it was not uncommon for girls to give birth at 14, so in this case I think it could be as young as 15 (but I think it's 16, personally). [[User:ETrundel|ETrundel]] 14:29, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::: I too was given to believe she was younger than 17 at the time. My maternal family line has a long tradition of Mary-derived names in firstborn daughters, (I'm Regina, yes, that's Mary Derived, have "Ave Regina") and my mother always told the story that she was around 15. When I was little that seemed quite grown up, but when I was 15 myself, it struck me just how very brave she was, and how young. I think the note of approximation is important for this reason, it is true she could have been as old as 17, but at that young age, two years is a world of difference in maturity and self assurance. If she was indeed younger than 17, bumping up her age underestimates the greatness of her faith. Best err on the side of caution and reverence. [[User:BirdieA|Birdie]] 13:25, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::::: I side with Birdie, I have always understood it as the age of 15. --Jpatt 14:27, 30 December 2008 (EST)

==Bill Gates==

A 13-year-old programming is not a remarkable achievement, and Gates' significant accomplishments occurred as a young adult, not a teen. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 14:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:I understand your point and I for one do not wish to glorify an atheist. By todays standards, that is not an achievement. At age thirteen in 1968, think about the computer he was working with? It is a bright child that succeeded, is it a great achievement? --Jpatt 14:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::Under further scrutiny, I have decided against including Bill Gates. What did he achieve at 13? computer skills, not a great achievement. Also, he has enough accolades, believes in the God of nothing (catch that prying eyes?), listed next to Anne, no way the two should reside together :) --Jpatt 20:28, 31 December 2008 (EST)

== remove some or move the page? ==

If it is going to be Great achievements be teenagers, then we need to limit the list to teenagers only, not 8 and 10 year olds and 20 year olds. We need to remove the non-teenagers from the list, or else change it to something like "great achievements by young people" --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 19:55, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:12 year olds are also not teenagers. It sounds like we're getting technical, but saying that 8, 10, 12 and 20 year olds are teenagers is effectively the same as saying girls who wear pants are boys. [[User:NormanS|NormanS]] 20:02, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::not really. It is more like saying that 4 is an odd number because it is close to 5 which is an odd number. --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 20:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

== Roger Mason entry ==

The Roger Mason entry does not rise to the level of achievement of the others. Even if it was a meaningful discovery, which is dubious, we don't have the shepherd who discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls and I don't see why would include Mason's "discovery" as a great achievement either.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:53, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:Although I didn't add that entry, I did feel it was right to change it to state it as ''what some believed'' rather state it as scientific fact. --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]/Admin[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]] 20:11, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:: I agree with your edit, and am suggesting that we go further and either toss the entry or downgrade it further in an appropriate way. It just does not rise to the level of, say, David slaying Goliath.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:37, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

::: OK, so I see there's been some discussion of Roger Mason. The point is that he didn't just stumble over some strange markings in the rock: he knew they were fossils and he knew the rocks were pre-Cambridge. His teenage open-mindedness led him to see what older, more closed-minded professors did not see. He had the confidence to go to a professor and tell him what he'd discovered - the professor didn't believe him till he'd seen it with his own eyes. A whole new era of biological life? A big discovery by anyone's standards. I've part-reverted the deletion, i.e. I've made it clear why it was such a big deal. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:30, 3 February 2011 (EST)

Mason's achievement is that he discovered the first fossil to come from rocks that were undoubtedly of a Pre-Cambrian era. Before that, the consensus of professional scientists was that there were no complex lifeforms before the Cambrian. Mason knew the rocks were Pre-Cambrian and he knew that what he found was a fossil. The fossil is named for the place it was found, Charnwood Forest, and for him: ''Charnia masoni''. Very very few people have revolutionised a whole area of science as teenages - Mason is one of them. You can read about it in New Scientist, issue of April 14, 2007.

The text I wrote looks pretty much correct (bar one spelling mistake). I suggest you re-insert it in the article:
'''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including Darwin, about life on Earth. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:26, 5 February 2011 (EST)
: There have been no objections to this text so I've added it to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 14:57, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::And I've removed it again. When the site owner and a senior administrator agree something should be removed, and tell you to discuss it on the talk page, you don't just add it back in without their input. Wait for their response. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]][[User talk:JacobB|Shout out!]] 15:10, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::: 1. When's he going to respond?
::: 2. I thought this was an encyclopedia that gathers knowledge from the public, not one person's private website.
::: 3. OK, I'll wait a little while longer. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:17, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::: Your edits are heavy on opinion without links to back it up. "Roger Mason" is a name few have heard of, and perhaps for good reason. You'll need to back up your claim with far more than you have before it merits inclusion in this impressive list. Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:36, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Responding to your request on my talk page, here are two key references and a brief commentary:
* http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/geoscientist/geonews/page4300.html: Explains the importance of the Ediacaran period in geology and explains the great importance of the discoveries made by teenager Roger Mason in revealing the origins of complex life forms in the pre-Cambrian period.
* http://wapedia.mobi/en/Charnia: Explains the importance of the fossils of the genus ''Charnia'' to studies of pre-Cambrian life and the important role that Roger Mason, as a teenager, played in discovering fossils within pre-Cambrian rocks.
* A ''New Scientist'' article (http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19425991.500-ediacarans-the-long-fuse-of-the-cambrian-explosion.html) reports the importance of the Ediacaran fauna and the personal role played by Mason but you need a subscription to read it in full.
[[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:55, 6 February 2011 (EST)

== ''Teen''agers ==

Hi, just found this excellent website whilst searching for information on young Kathryn Aurora Gray's outstanding achievement - I will certainly be reading through a lot more articles here and encourage my friends at church to do the same!
However I noticed that there are a few people on this list that are not teenagers and so must have been added by mistake - shall I go ahead and remove them so that the article's content matches its title? I don't want to do so without asking as I'm new here. Thanks and God bless. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 12:55, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:You haven't said what you think are mistakes. Go ahead and edit the content entry and let's what you think are mistakes.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:Bob, the individuals listed with a non-teen year obviously had remarkable contributions as teenagers also.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

::Sorry, I hadn't realized that! Shall we rephrase their entries in order to make that clear, such as by listing the teenage achievements primarily (along with the age at that point) and giving the currently listed achievements as footnotes or 'also achieved' in parentheses)? If you can help me finding information on these teenage achievements I'd be delighted to take on the task! Thanks. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 14:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

Apart from the interesting idea that 10 year-old Kathryn Aurora Gray is a [[teenager]], is a source (from main page news report - which I added to entry) like [[CNN]], owned by [[leftist]] mogul [[Ted Turner]], with its [[liberal bias]] and support for the [[liberal]] agenda really a reliable source? The article claims the supernova happened 240 million years ago which is patent nonsense since that predates [[creation]]. CNN also claim that the girl’s father was an amateur astronomer, however, according to [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/01/10-year-old-girl-becomes-youngest-person-to-discover-a-supernova/68911/ this source] the girl’s father is a professional astronomer, so it seems extremely likely that this is an example of [[liberal deceit]] and [[professor values]] where unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge are being made on behalf of a child in a [[Narcissism|narcissistic]] frenzy of publicity seeking [[liberal arrogance]]. [[User:AmandaBunting|AmandaBunting]] 14:21, 6 January 2011 (EST)

Super Bowl

2011-02-07T00:12:16Z

BenjyB: Links

The '''Super Bowl''' is the [[National Football League]] (NFL) Championship Game played between the [[National Football Conference]] (NFC) and [[American Football Conference]] (AFC). The first Super Bowl ever played was in 1967 as a championship game between the top teams in the National Football League and the now-defunct [[American Football League]] (AFL). The teams that played in the first Super Bowl were the [[Green Bay Packers]] from the NFL and the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] from the AFL. After the AFL's merger into the NFL in 1969, the Super Bowl became the championship game within the NFL pitting the top teams from the AFC and NFC. The winners of the Super Bowl are awarded the [[Vince Lombardi]] Trophy, named for the Packer's legendary coach during the 1960's.

Super Bowl XLV was played in [[Dallas]] TX on February 6, 2011 between the Green Bay Packers, the NFC Champions, and the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], the AFC Champions. These teams are two of the most successful in NFL history. The Steelers won six Super Bowl championships prior to Super Bowl XLV; the Packers have won three Super Bowls but hold the record for NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era.

== See also ==

*[[Vince Lombardi]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.nfl.com/history NFL History]
*[http://www.superbowl.com/ Official Website of Super Bowl]

[[Category:National Football League]]
[[Category:Super Bowls|*]]
[[Category:Sports Championships]]

Super Bowl

2011-02-07T00:09:58Z

BenjyB: NFL history

The '''Super Bowl''' is the [[National Football League]] (NFL) Championship Game played between the [[National Football Conference]] (NFC) and [[American Football Conference]] (AFC). The first Super Bowl ever played was in 1967 as a championship game between the top teams in the National Football League and the now-defunct [[American Football League]] (AFL). The teams that played in the first Super Bowl were the [[Green Bay Packers]] from the NFL and the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] from the AFL. After the AFL's merger into the NFL in 1969, the Super Bowl became the championship game within the NFL pitting the top teams from the AFC and NFC. The winners of the Super Bowl are awarded the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named for the Packer's legendary coach during the 1960's.

Super Bowl XLV was played in Dallas TX on February 6, 2011 between the Green Bay Packers, the NFC Champions, and the Pittsburgh Steelers, the AFC Champions. These teams are two of the most successful in NFL history. The Steelers won six Super Bowl championships prior to Super Bowl XLV; the Packers have won three Super Bowls but hold the record for NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era.

== See also ==

*[[Vince Lombardi]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.nfl.com/history NFL History]
*[http://www.superbowl.com/ Official Website of Super Bowl]

[[Category:National Football League]]
[[Category:Super Bowls|*]]
[[Category:Sports Championships]]

Super Bowl

2011-02-06T23:33:54Z

BenjyB: /* External links */ Corrected link

The '''Super Bowl''' is the [[National Football League]] (NFL) Championship Game played between the [[National Football Conference]] (NFC) and [[American Football Conference]] (AFC). The first Super Bowl ever played was in 1967 as a championship game between the top teams in the National Football League and the now-defunct [[American Football League]] (AFL). The teams that played in the first Super Bowl were the [[Green Bay Packers]] from the NFL and the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] from the AFL. After the AFL's merger into the NFL in 1969, the Super Bowl became the championship game within the NFL pitting the top teams from the AFC and NFC.

Super Bowl XLV was played in Dallas TX on February 6, 2011 between the Green Bay Packers, the NFC Champions, and the Pittsburgh Steelers, the AFC Champions. The Steelers are the most successful team in NFL history with 6 Super Bowl championships prior to Super Bowl XLV. The Packers have won three Super Bowls but hold the record for NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era. The winners of the Super Bowl are awarded the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named for the Packer's legendary coach during the 1960's.

== See also ==

*[[Vince Lombardi]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.nfl.com/history NFL History]
*[http://www.superbowl.com/ Official Website of Super Bowl]

[[Category:National Football League]]
[[Category:Super Bowls|*]]
[[Category:Sports Championships]]

Super Bowl

2011-02-06T23:33:06Z

BenjyB: Super Bowl 45

The '''Super Bowl''' is the [[National Football League]] (NFL) Championship Game played between the [[National Football Conference]] (NFC) and [[American Football Conference]] (AFC). The first Super Bowl ever played was in 1967 as a championship game between the top teams in the National Football League and the now-defunct [[American Football League]] (AFL). The teams that played in the first Super Bowl were the [[Green Bay Packers]] from the NFL and the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] from the AFL. After the AFL's merger into the NFL in 1969, the Super Bowl became the championship game within the NFL pitting the top teams from the AFC and NFC.

Super Bowl XLV was played in Dallas TX on February 6, 2011 between the Green Bay Packers, the NFC Champions, and the Pittsburgh Steelers, the AFC Champions. The Steelers are the most successful team in NFL history with 6 Super Bowl championships prior to Super Bowl XLV. The Packers have won three Super Bowls but hold the record for NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era. The winners of the Super Bowl are awarded the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named for the Packer's legendary coach during the 1960's.

== See also ==

*[[Vince Lombardi]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.nfl.com/history NFL History]
*[http://www.superbowl.com/ Official Website of Super Bowl XLIII]

[[Category:National Football League]]
[[Category:Super Bowls|*]]
[[Category:Sports Championships]]

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-06T21:18:15Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */ References

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Later Achievments==
* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion: deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]] age 32
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

So, most of the persons in the list made contributions to their field works overshadowing there achievements as teenagers.

[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:57, 27 December 2008 (EST)
:A corrosive attitude is not beneficial. If, as Andy suggested, you opened your mind you might find nmany more examples to support this case. Bear in mind: demolition is easy, to build takes effort! [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 08:59, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Jesus==

I'm not entirely certain I'm comfortable with including Jesus on a list of "teenagers." Part of that may just be a visceral reaction against applying the term to the Almighty, but setting that aside, I'm still not entirely sure he belongs on the list. After all, despite His physical age at the time he preached, He was still God, and therefore timeless and eternal. It's going to be a little hard for anyone, teenager or adult, to measure up to His list of accomplishments! --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 14:18, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==IQ Peak==

Although it is a hotly debated subject, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that IQ peaks in the pre-teen/teenage years. The linked article provides evidence to support that the rate of brain development peaks at this time, but this is idependant of a person's IQ.

To highlight the diparate viewpoints, it is possible to show an IQ peak at anywhere from 14-16yrs old, all the way up to 50yrs+ - depending on what you measure, how you measure and how you interpret your findings (as with many stats i suppose).

More info: http://www.albion.edu/psychology/fac_psyc/jwilson/psy101/intell.htm

Hope my edit is satisfactory --[[User:J00ni|J00ni]] 18:22, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==Mary as "17"==

Can I suggest using the word "uncertain" for Mary's age instead of assuming that it's 17? That takes nothing away from the assumption that she was a teenager when she gave birth, but it doesn't seem right for CP to state a specific age as if it were a fact when the comment goes on to acknowledge that the actual age was unknown. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 09:20, 30 December 2008 (EST)

: The footnote is clear enough. No one doubts she was a teenager, and 17 was an average age of betrothal. The purpose of this list is plainly not to pinpoint precise ages, but merely to show the teenagers as a group.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 09:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:: I don't disagree with that. I've added an asterisk after her age to highlight that it's an approximation, and leaving the rest as-is. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 10:03, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::It could be even earlier; in the middle ages it was not uncommon for girls to give birth at 14, so in this case I think it could be as young as 15 (but I think it's 16, personally). [[User:ETrundel|ETrundel]] 14:29, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::: I too was given to believe she was younger than 17 at the time. My maternal family line has a long tradition of Mary-derived names in firstborn daughters, (I'm Regina, yes, that's Mary Derived, have "Ave Regina") and my mother always told the story that she was around 15. When I was little that seemed quite grown up, but when I was 15 myself, it struck me just how very brave she was, and how young. I think the note of approximation is important for this reason, it is true she could have been as old as 17, but at that young age, two years is a world of difference in maturity and self assurance. If she was indeed younger than 17, bumping up her age underestimates the greatness of her faith. Best err on the side of caution and reverence. [[User:BirdieA|Birdie]] 13:25, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::::: I side with Birdie, I have always understood it as the age of 15. --Jpatt 14:27, 30 December 2008 (EST)

==Bill Gates==

A 13-year-old programming is not a remarkable achievement, and Gates' significant accomplishments occurred as a young adult, not a teen. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 14:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:I understand your point and I for one do not wish to glorify an atheist. By todays standards, that is not an achievement. At age thirteen in 1968, think about the computer he was working with? It is a bright child that succeeded, is it a great achievement? --Jpatt 14:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::Under further scrutiny, I have decided against including Bill Gates. What did he achieve at 13? computer skills, not a great achievement. Also, he has enough accolades, believes in the God of nothing (catch that prying eyes?), listed next to Anne, no way the two should reside together :) --Jpatt 20:28, 31 December 2008 (EST)

== remove some or move the page? ==

If it is going to be Great achievements be teenagers, then we need to limit the list to teenagers only, not 8 and 10 year olds and 20 year olds. We need to remove the non-teenagers from the list, or else change it to something like "great achievements by young people" --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 19:55, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:12 year olds are also not teenagers. It sounds like we're getting technical, but saying that 8, 10, 12 and 20 year olds are teenagers is effectively the same as saying girls who wear pants are boys. [[User:NormanS|NormanS]] 20:02, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::not really. It is more like saying that 4 is an odd number because it is close to 5 which is an odd number. --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 20:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

== Roger Mason entry ==

The Roger Mason entry does not rise to the level of achievement of the others. Even if it was a meaningful discovery, which is dubious, we don't have the shepherd who discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls and I don't see why would include Mason's "discovery" as a great achievement either.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:53, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:Although I didn't add that entry, I did feel it was right to change it to state it as ''what some believed'' rather state it as scientific fact. --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]/Admin[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]] 20:11, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:: I agree with your edit, and am suggesting that we go further and either toss the entry or downgrade it further in an appropriate way. It just does not rise to the level of, say, David slaying Goliath.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:37, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

::: OK, so I see there's been some discussion of Roger Mason. The point is that he didn't just stumble over some strange markings in the rock: he knew they were fossils and he knew the rocks were pre-Cambridge. His teenage open-mindedness led him to see what older, more closed-minded professors did not see. He had the confidence to go to a professor and tell him what he'd discovered - the professor didn't believe him till he'd seen it with his own eyes. A whole new era of biological life? A big discovery by anyone's standards. I've part-reverted the deletion, i.e. I've made it clear why it was such a big deal. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:30, 3 February 2011 (EST)

Mason's achievement is that he discovered the first fossil to come from rocks that were undoubtedly of a Pre-Cambrian era. Before that, the consensus of professional scientists was that there were no complex lifeforms before the Cambrian. Mason knew the rocks were Pre-Cambrian and he knew that what he found was a fossil. The fossil is named for the place it was found, Charnwood Forest, and for him: ''Charnia masoni''. Very very few people have revolutionised a whole area of science as teenages - Mason is one of them. You can read about it in New Scientist, issue of April 14, 2007.

The text I wrote looks pretty much correct (bar one spelling mistake). I suggest you re-insert it in the article:
'''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including Darwin, about life on Earth. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:26, 5 February 2011 (EST)
: There have been no objections to this text so I've added it to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 14:57, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::And I've removed it again. When the site owner and a senior administrator agree something should be removed, and tell you to discuss it on the talk page, you don't just add it back in without their input. Wait for their response. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]][[User talk:JacobB|Shout out!]] 15:10, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::: 1. When's he going to respond?
::: 2. I thought this was an encyclopedia that gathers knowledge from the public, not one person's private website.
::: 3. OK, I'll wait a little while longer. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:17, 6 February 2011 (EST)

:::: Your edits are heavy on opinion without links to back it up. "Roger Mason" is a name few have heard of, and perhaps for good reason. You'll need to back up your claim with far more than you have before it merits inclusion in this impressive list. Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:36, 6 February 2011 (EST)

Here are a few refs. There are many more: search for <"Roger Mason" Ediacaran Charnia>. This is not at all an obscure discovery in geology.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19425991.500-ediacarans-the-long-fuse-of-the-cambrian-explosion.html
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/geoscientist/geonews/page4300.html
http://www.prehistoricstore.com/item.php?item=1201
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Charnia
http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/3341/fossils-on-the-edge-of-forever
[[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 16:18, 6 February 2011 (EST)

== ''Teen''agers ==

Hi, just found this excellent website whilst searching for information on young Kathryn Aurora Gray's outstanding achievement - I will certainly be reading through a lot more articles here and encourage my friends at church to do the same!
However I noticed that there are a few people on this list that are not teenagers and so must have been added by mistake - shall I go ahead and remove them so that the article's content matches its title? I don't want to do so without asking as I'm new here. Thanks and God bless. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 12:55, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:You haven't said what you think are mistakes. Go ahead and edit the content entry and let's what you think are mistakes.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:Bob, the individuals listed with a non-teen year obviously had remarkable contributions as teenagers also.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

::Sorry, I hadn't realized that! Shall we rephrase their entries in order to make that clear, such as by listing the teenage achievements primarily (along with the age at that point) and giving the currently listed achievements as footnotes or 'also achieved' in parentheses)? If you can help me finding information on these teenage achievements I'd be delighted to take on the task! Thanks. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 14:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

Apart from the interesting idea that 10 year-old Kathryn Aurora Gray is a [[teenager]], is a source (from main page news report - which I added to entry) like [[CNN]], owned by [[leftist]] mogul [[Ted Turner]], with its [[liberal bias]] and support for the [[liberal]] agenda really a reliable source? The article claims the supernova happened 240 million years ago which is patent nonsense since that predates [[creation]]. CNN also claim that the girl’s father was an amateur astronomer, however, according to [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/01/10-year-old-girl-becomes-youngest-person-to-discover-a-supernova/68911/ this source] the girl’s father is a professional astronomer, so it seems extremely likely that this is an example of [[liberal deceit]] and [[professor values]] where unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge are being made on behalf of a child in a [[Narcissism|narcissistic]] frenzy of publicity seeking [[liberal arrogance]]. [[User:AmandaBunting|AmandaBunting]] 14:21, 6 January 2011 (EST)

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-06T20:17:48Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Later Achievments==
* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion: deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]] age 32
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

So, most of the persons in the list made contributions to their field works overshadowing there achievements as teenagers.

[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:57, 27 December 2008 (EST)
:A corrosive attitude is not beneficial. If, as Andy suggested, you opened your mind you might find nmany more examples to support this case. Bear in mind: demolition is easy, to build takes effort! [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 08:59, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Jesus==

I'm not entirely certain I'm comfortable with including Jesus on a list of "teenagers." Part of that may just be a visceral reaction against applying the term to the Almighty, but setting that aside, I'm still not entirely sure he belongs on the list. After all, despite His physical age at the time he preached, He was still God, and therefore timeless and eternal. It's going to be a little hard for anyone, teenager or adult, to measure up to His list of accomplishments! --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 14:18, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==IQ Peak==

Although it is a hotly debated subject, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that IQ peaks in the pre-teen/teenage years. The linked article provides evidence to support that the rate of brain development peaks at this time, but this is idependant of a person's IQ.

To highlight the diparate viewpoints, it is possible to show an IQ peak at anywhere from 14-16yrs old, all the way up to 50yrs+ - depending on what you measure, how you measure and how you interpret your findings (as with many stats i suppose).

More info: http://www.albion.edu/psychology/fac_psyc/jwilson/psy101/intell.htm

Hope my edit is satisfactory --[[User:J00ni|J00ni]] 18:22, 28 December 2008 (EST)

==Mary as "17"==

Can I suggest using the word "uncertain" for Mary's age instead of assuming that it's 17? That takes nothing away from the assumption that she was a teenager when she gave birth, but it doesn't seem right for CP to state a specific age as if it were a fact when the comment goes on to acknowledge that the actual age was unknown. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 09:20, 30 December 2008 (EST)

: The footnote is clear enough. No one doubts she was a teenager, and 17 was an average age of betrothal. The purpose of this list is plainly not to pinpoint precise ages, but merely to show the teenagers as a group.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 09:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:: I don't disagree with that. I've added an asterisk after her age to highlight that it's an approximation, and leaving the rest as-is. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 10:03, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::It could be even earlier; in the middle ages it was not uncommon for girls to give birth at 14, so in this case I think it could be as young as 15 (but I think it's 16, personally). [[User:ETrundel|ETrundel]] 14:29, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:::: I too was given to believe she was younger than 17 at the time. My maternal family line has a long tradition of Mary-derived names in firstborn daughters, (I'm Regina, yes, that's Mary Derived, have "Ave Regina") and my mother always told the story that she was around 15. When I was little that seemed quite grown up, but when I was 15 myself, it struck me just how very brave she was, and how young. I think the note of approximation is important for this reason, it is true she could have been as old as 17, but at that young age, two years is a world of difference in maturity and self assurance. If she was indeed younger than 17, bumping up her age underestimates the greatness of her faith. Best err on the side of caution and reverence. [[User:BirdieA|Birdie]] 13:25, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::::: I side with Birdie, I have always understood it as the age of 15. --Jpatt 14:27, 30 December 2008 (EST)

==Bill Gates==

A 13-year-old programming is not a remarkable achievement, and Gates' significant accomplishments occurred as a young adult, not a teen. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 14:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:I understand your point and I for one do not wish to glorify an atheist. By todays standards, that is not an achievement. At age thirteen in 1968, think about the computer he was working with? It is a bright child that succeeded, is it a great achievement? --Jpatt 14:24, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::Under further scrutiny, I have decided against including Bill Gates. What did he achieve at 13? computer skills, not a great achievement. Also, he has enough accolades, believes in the God of nothing (catch that prying eyes?), listed next to Anne, no way the two should reside together :) --Jpatt 20:28, 31 December 2008 (EST)

== remove some or move the page? ==

If it is going to be Great achievements be teenagers, then we need to limit the list to teenagers only, not 8 and 10 year olds and 20 year olds. We need to remove the non-teenagers from the list, or else change it to something like "great achievements by young people" --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 19:55, 30 December 2008 (EST)

:12 year olds are also not teenagers. It sounds like we're getting technical, but saying that 8, 10, 12 and 20 year olds are teenagers is effectively the same as saying girls who wear pants are boys. [[User:NormanS|NormanS]] 20:02, 30 December 2008 (EST)

::not really. It is more like saying that 4 is an odd number because it is close to 5 which is an odd number. --[[User:CPAdmin1|Tim]] (CPAdmin1)[[User talk:CPAdmin1|talk]] 20:06, 30 December 2008 (EST)

== Roger Mason entry ==

The Roger Mason entry does not rise to the level of achievement of the others. Even if it was a meaningful discovery, which is dubious, we don't have the shepherd who discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls and I don't see why would include Mason's "discovery" as a great achievement either.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:53, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:Although I didn't add that entry, I did feel it was right to change it to state it as ''what some believed'' rather state it as scientific fact. --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]/Admin[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]] 20:11, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

:: I agree with your edit, and am suggesting that we go further and either toss the entry or downgrade it further in an appropriate way. It just does not rise to the level of, say, David slaying Goliath.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:37, 13 August 2009 (EDT)

::: OK, so I see there's been some discussion of Roger Mason. The point is that he didn't just stumble over some strange markings in the rock: he knew they were fossils and he knew the rocks were pre-Cambridge. His teenage open-mindedness led him to see what older, more closed-minded professors did not see. He had the confidence to go to a professor and tell him what he'd discovered - the professor didn't believe him till he'd seen it with his own eyes. A whole new era of biological life? A big discovery by anyone's standards. I've part-reverted the deletion, i.e. I've made it clear why it was such a big deal. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:30, 3 February 2011 (EST)

Mason's achievement is that he discovered the first fossil to come from rocks that were undoubtedly of a Pre-Cambrian era. Before that, the consensus of professional scientists was that there were no complex lifeforms before the Cambrian. Mason knew the rocks were Pre-Cambrian and he knew that what he found was a fossil. The fossil is named for the place it was found, Charnwood Forest, and for him: ''Charnia masoni''. Very very few people have revolutionised a whole area of science as teenages - Mason is one of them. You can read about it in New Scientist, issue of April 14, 2007.

The text I wrote looks pretty much correct (bar one spelling mistake). I suggest you re-insert it in the article:
'''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including Darwin, about life on Earth. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:26, 5 February 2011 (EST)
: There have been no objections to this text so I've added it to the page. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 14:57, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::And I've removed it again. When the site owner and a senior administrator agree something should be removed, and tell you to discuss it on the talk page, you don't just add it back in without their input. Wait for their response. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]][[User talk:JacobB|Shout out!]] 15:10, 6 February 2011 (EST)
::: 1. When's he going to respond?
::: 2. I thought this was an encyclopedia that gathers knowledge from the public, not one person's private website.
::: 3. OK, I'll wait a little while longer. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 15:17, 6 February 2011 (EST)

== ''Teen''agers ==

Hi, just found this excellent website whilst searching for information on young Kathryn Aurora Gray's outstanding achievement - I will certainly be reading through a lot more articles here and encourage my friends at church to do the same!
However I noticed that there are a few people on this list that are not teenagers and so must have been added by mistake - shall I go ahead and remove them so that the article's content matches its title? I don't want to do so without asking as I'm new here. Thanks and God bless. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 12:55, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:You haven't said what you think are mistakes. Go ahead and edit the content entry and let's what you think are mistakes.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:14, 5 January 2011 (EST)

:Bob, the individuals listed with a non-teen year obviously had remarkable contributions as teenagers also.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

::Sorry, I hadn't realized that! Shall we rephrase their entries in order to make that clear, such as by listing the teenage achievements primarily (along with the age at that point) and giving the currently listed achievements as footnotes or 'also achieved' in parentheses)? If you can help me finding information on these teenage achievements I'd be delighted to take on the task! Thanks. [[User:BobG|BobG]] 14:45, 5 January 2011 (EST)

Apart from the interesting idea that 10 year-old Kathryn Aurora Gray is a [[teenager]], is a source (from main page news report - which I added to entry) like [[CNN]], owned by [[leftist]] mogul [[Ted Turner]], with its [[liberal bias]] and support for the [[liberal]] agenda really a reliable source? The article claims the supernova happened 240 million years ago which is patent nonsense since that predates [[creation]]. CNN also claim that the girl’s father was an amateur astronomer, however, according to [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/01/10-year-old-girl-becomes-youngest-person-to-discover-a-supernova/68911/ this source] the girl’s father is a professional astronomer, so it seems extremely likely that this is an example of [[liberal deceit]] and [[professor values]] where unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge are being made on behalf of a child in a [[Narcissism|narcissistic]] frenzy of publicity seeking [[liberal arrogance]]. [[User:AmandaBunting|AmandaBunting]] 14:21, 6 January 2011 (EST)

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-06T19:58:38Z

BenjyB: Links added

Most of the '''great achievements''' throughout history in the fields of art, culture, science and technology have been by '''teenagers'''. This may be because they are able to think in new and innovative ways, or their thinking is not hidebound by discredited nostrums; it may be attributable to great teachers and great schooling - including homeschooling. It may simply be the emergence of God-given talent at an early age, and the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews. Biologically the rate of brain development, and according to some studies [[IQ]], reportedly peak in smart individuals just prior to their teenage years.<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/30/science/sci-brain30</ref>

==Achievements, listed by age at which they were made==

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin gives his first solo violin performance with the San Francisco Symphony in 1923.
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] plays his first public piano performance, having already authored two polonaises (G minor and B flat major) at age 7.
* '''10''' - [[Mark]], author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], witnesses the arrest of Jesus and develops the first [[Gospel]].
* '''10''' - Michael Kearney, [[homeschooled]], becomes the world's youngest university graduate.<ref>He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of South Alabama.</ref>At age 17, began a teaching career at college. <ref>[http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617185918AAum3vj Who is the YOUNGEST person to graduate college?] Yahoo Answers</ref>
* '''10''' - Kathryn Aurora Gray, of Fredericton, New Brunswick, discovered supernova 2010lt.<ref>http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/04/girl-10-becomes-youngest-to-discover-supernova/ CNN</ref>
* '''10''' - Terence Tao, the youngest ever medalist in International Mathematical Olympiad.
* '''11''' - William James Sidis, became the youngest ever student at Harvard College in 1909.
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] had secretly worked out the first twenty-three propositions of Euclid by himself.
* '''12''' - [[Jesus]] presents His wisdom in the temple in [[Jerusalem]].
* '''12''' - William "Willie" Johnson earned the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions during the [[Seven Days Battle]] and on the [[Peninsula Campaign]] during the [[American Civil War]]. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_1862_cwh/johnston_willie.html]
* '''12''' - William Rowan Hamilton, by this age had mastered [[Arabic]], [[Hebrew]], [[Persian]], [[Greek]], [[Latin]], Syriac, and Sanskrit among other [[languages]].
* '''13''' - [[Jonathan Krohn]] homeschooled, actor, internet radio host, guest speaker at [[CPAC]], author of ''Defining Conservatism''.
* '''13''' - [[John]] wrote the first draft of the [[Gospel of John]], the greatest written work of all time.<ref>[[Mystery:Was John a Child?]]</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] was inspired and led [[France]] five years later to victory over the English in the [[Hundred Years War]]; was martyred at age 19.<ref>http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/Joan_of_Arc.shtml</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl."
* '''14''' - [[David]] slays [[Goliath]].
* '''14''' - Ismail founded the Safavid dynasty and became its "shah" (military and spiritual ruler)
* '''14''' - [[Bobby Fischer]] became an International [[Chess]] Grandmaster.
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]] wrote the opera, "Mitridate Rè di Ponto."
* '''14''' - [[Nadia Comaneci]] "achieved in her sport what no [[Olympian]], male or female, ever had before: perfection."<ref>http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/events/1996/olympics/daily/july25/flashback.html</ref>
* '''14''' - [[St. Theresa of Lisieux]] rejected by Bishop Hugonin, pleads with Pope Leo XIII so she may enter the Carmelites. Became Carmelite nun at age 15.
* '''14''' - Bernadette Soubirous (St Bernadette of Lourdes) has a vision of the Virgin Mary
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system.
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 32 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''16''' - Boy sailor Jack Cornwall, of HMS Chester, is awarded a [[posthumous]] [[VC]] for gallantry at the [[Battle of Jutland]].
* '''16''' - the average age of 58 [[homeschooled]] teenagers who founded Conservapedia, so that the light of truth would continue to shine and darkness would not overcome it.
* '''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the [[Ediacaran]] (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including [[Darwin]], about life on Earth.
* '''17''' - Cassie Bernall defended her [[faith]] in front of an [[atheistic]] gunman at the [[Columbine massacre]], and was martyred for it<ref>Two witnesses, Craig Scott and Joshua Lapp, confirmed a question-and-answer confrontation; others said Cassie was praying when murdered.[http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/c/cassie.htm]</ref>
* '''17*''' - [[Mary]] accepts [[God]]'s will to conceive [[Jesus]] by the [[Holy Spirit]], and gives birth nine months later.<ref>Mary's exact age is not known, but she was old enough to marry under Jewish law and was almost certainly a teenager.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm]</ref>
* '''17''' - Shawn Fanning develops the first large-scale peer-to-peer file sharing program, Napster
* '''17''' - Private 1st Class Jacklyn H. Lucas, [[United States Marine Corps]], earned the [[Medal of Honor]] five days after his 17th birthday during the [[Iwo Jima]] battle in [[World War II]]; he was a Marine for ''three years''. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_living/ii_mc_lucas.html]
* '''18''' - Lila Rose, a [[UCLA]] student who had been [[homeschooled]], goes undercover and does a stinging expose of an [[abortion]] clinic.<ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2007/may/07051504</ref>
* '''18''' - Shawn Goldsmith from Long Island has earned all 121 merit badges offered by the Boy Scouts. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473964,00.html Boy Scout Earns All 121 Merit Badges] AP, December 30, 2008</ref>
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus), later published when she was 21.
* '''18''' - [[Gary Kasparov]], considered the greatest [[chess]] player ever, won the [[U.S.S.R.]] championship.
* '''19''' - Captain Albert Ball, [[VC]], MC, DSO & 2 bars, commences his career as a fighter pilot. By the time he is killed, aged 20, in 1917, he has become one of the [[First World War]]'s greatest air aces, accounting for at least 44 [[German]] aircraft.
* '''19''' - was the average age of front-line [[US]] service personnel fighting to defend democracy in [[Indochina]] during the [[Vietnam War]].
* '''19''' - [[Evariste Galois]] applies [[group theory]] to the unsolvability of polynomial equations, before his death in a duel at age 20.
* '''19''' - [[John D. Rockefeller]] starts a new company, turning an enormous profit in its first year, and became the most influential businessman in history.<ref>http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Rockefeller-John-D.html</ref>
* '''19''' - [[Steve Jobs]] begins collaborating in electronics with Steve Wozniak<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/jobs.htm</ref> in electronics, and developed the personal computer within two years.
* '''19''' - [[Mark Zuckerberg]] commercializes [[Facebook]], which later became the leading social networking system on the [[internet]].
* '''19''' - Jim Ryun broke the world record for running the mile.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.
* '''20''' - Willis Carrier invents air conditioning.

(add more, sorted by age and then alphabetically)

== See also ==

*[[Gallery of American Heroes]]
*[[Gallery of British Heroes]]

==External Links==
*[http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-child-prodigies/ Top 10 Child Prodigies]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Achievement]]

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-06T19:57:27Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-06T19:56:35Z

BenjyB: Reinstated Roger Mason entry

Most of the '''great achievements''' throughout history in the fields of art, culture, science and technology have been by '''teenagers'''. This may be because they are able to think in new and innovative ways, or their thinking is not hidebound by discredited nostrums; it may be attributable to great teachers and great schooling - including homeschooling. It may simply be the emergence of God-given talent at an early age, and the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews. Biologically the rate of brain development, and according to some studies [[IQ]], reportedly peak in smart individuals just prior to their teenage years.<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/30/science/sci-brain30</ref>

==Achievements, listed by age at which they were made==

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin gives his first solo violin performance with the San Francisco Symphony in 1923.
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] plays his first public piano performance, having already authored two polonaises (G minor and B flat major) at age 7.
* '''10''' - [[Mark]], author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], witnesses the arrest of Jesus and develops the first [[Gospel]].
* '''10''' - Michael Kearney, [[homeschooled]], becomes the world's youngest university graduate.<ref>He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of South Alabama.</ref>At age 17, began a teaching career at college. <ref>[http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617185918AAum3vj Who is the YOUNGEST person to graduate college?] Yahoo Answers</ref>
* '''10''' - Kathryn Aurora Gray, of Fredericton, New Brunswick, discovered supernova 2010lt.<ref>http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/04/girl-10-becomes-youngest-to-discover-supernova/ CNN</ref>
* '''10''' - Terence Tao, the youngest ever medalist in International Mathematical Olympiad.
* '''11''' - William James Sidis, became the youngest ever student at Harvard College in 1909.
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] had secretly worked out the first twenty-three propositions of Euclid by himself.
* '''12''' - [[Jesus]] presents His wisdom in the temple in [[Jerusalem]].
* '''12''' - William "Willie" Johnson earned the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions during the [[Seven Days Battle]] and on the [[Peninsula Campaign]] during the [[American Civil War]]. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_1862_cwh/johnston_willie.html]
* '''12''' - William Rowan Hamilton, by this age had mastered [[Arabic]], [[Hebrew]], [[Persian]], [[Greek]], [[Latin]], Syriac, and Sanskrit among other [[languages]].
* '''13''' - [[Jonathan Krohn]] homeschooled, actor, internet radio host, guest speaker at [[CPAC]], author of ''Defining Conservatism''.
* '''13''' - [[John]] wrote the first draft of the [[Gospel of John]], the greatest written work of all time.<ref>[[Mystery:Was John a Child?]]</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] was inspired and led [[France]] five years later to victory over the English in the [[Hundred Years War]]; was martyred at age 19.<ref>http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/Joan_of_Arc.shtml</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl."
* '''14''' - [[David]] slays [[Goliath]].
* '''14''' - Ismail founded the Safavid dynasty and became its "shah" (military and spiritual ruler)
* '''14''' - [[Bobby Fischer]] became an International [[Chess]] Grandmaster.
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]] wrote the opera, "Mitridate Rè di Ponto."
* '''14''' - [[Nadia Comaneci]] "achieved in her sport what no [[Olympian]], male or female, ever had before: perfection."<ref>http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/events/1996/olympics/daily/july25/flashback.html</ref>
* '''14''' - [[St. Theresa of Lisieux]] rejected by Bishop Hugonin, pleads with Pope Leo XIII so she may enter the Carmelites. Became Carmelite nun at age 15.
* '''14''' - Bernadette Soubirous (St Bernadette of Lourdes) has a vision of the Virgin Mary
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system.
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 32 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''16''' - Boy sailor Jack Cornwall, of HMS Chester, is awarded a [[posthumous]] [[VC]] for gallantry at the [[Battle of Jutland]].
* '''16''' - the average age of 58 [[homeschooled]] teenagers who founded Conservapedia, so that the light of truth would continue to shine and darkness would not overcome it.
* '''16''' - Roger Mason discovers fossils from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-mindedness leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including Darwin, about life on Earth.
* '''17''' - Cassie Bernall defended her [[faith]] in front of an [[atheistic]] gunman at the [[Columbine massacre]], and was martyred for it<ref>Two witnesses, Craig Scott and Joshua Lapp, confirmed a question-and-answer confrontation; others said Cassie was praying when murdered.[http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/c/cassie.htm]</ref>
* '''17*''' - [[Mary]] accepts [[God]]'s will to conceive [[Jesus]] by the [[Holy Spirit]], and gives birth nine months later.<ref>Mary's exact age is not known, but she was old enough to marry under Jewish law and was almost certainly a teenager.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm]</ref>
* '''17''' - Shawn Fanning develops the first large-scale peer-to-peer file sharing program, Napster
* '''17''' - Private 1st Class Jacklyn H. Lucas, [[United States Marine Corps]], earned the [[Medal of Honor]] five days after his 17th birthday during the [[Iwo Jima]] battle in [[World War II]]; he was a Marine for ''three years''. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_living/ii_mc_lucas.html]
* '''18''' - Lila Rose, a [[UCLA]] student who had been [[homeschooled]], goes undercover and does a stinging expose of an [[abortion]] clinic.<ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2007/may/07051504</ref>
* '''18''' - Shawn Goldsmith from Long Island has earned all 121 merit badges offered by the Boy Scouts. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473964,00.html Boy Scout Earns All 121 Merit Badges] AP, December 30, 2008</ref>
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus), later published when she was 21.
* '''18''' - [[Gary Kasparov]], considered the greatest [[chess]] player ever, won the [[U.S.S.R.]] championship.
* '''19''' - Captain Albert Ball, [[VC]], MC, DSO & 2 bars, commences his career as a fighter pilot. By the time he is killed, aged 20, in 1917, he has become one of the [[First World War]]'s greatest air aces, accounting for at least 44 [[German]] aircraft.
* '''19''' - was the average age of front-line [[US]] service personnel fighting to defend democracy in [[Indochina]] during the [[Vietnam War]].
* '''19''' - [[Evariste Galois]] applies [[group theory]] to the unsolvability of polynomial equations, before his death in a duel at age 20.
* '''19''' - [[John D. Rockefeller]] starts a new company, turning an enormous profit in its first year, and became the most influential businessman in history.<ref>http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Rockefeller-John-D.html</ref>
* '''19''' - [[Steve Jobs]] begins collaborating in electronics with Steve Wozniak<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/jobs.htm</ref> in electronics, and developed the personal computer within two years.
* '''19''' - [[Mark Zuckerberg]] commercializes [[Facebook]], which later became the leading social networking system on the [[internet]].
* '''19''' - Jim Ryun broke the world record for running the mile.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.
* '''20''' - Willis Carrier invents air conditioning.

(add more, sorted by age and then alphabetically)

== See also ==

*[[Gallery of American Heroes]]
*[[Gallery of British Heroes]]

==External Links==
*[http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-child-prodigies/ Top 10 Child Prodigies]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Achievement]]

User talk:BenjyB

2011-02-06T00:32:24Z

BenjyB: /* Great achievements by teenagers, redux */

{{welcome|sig=[[User:JacobB|JacobB]][[User talk:JacobB|Shout out!]] 18:27, 20 June 2010 (EDT)}}

== Proxies.. ==

Please don't be using them, or you will be blocked...that's policy. I did appreciate your correcting the info about Newfoundland, however! --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big>/Admin[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]] 18:39, 1 July 2010 (EDT)
:Er... I hardly know what a proxy is, let alone how to use one. So no, I'm not using a proxy. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:15, 2 July 2010 (EDT)

== Revert explained ==

Your edit to [[Great Achievements by Teenagers]] was reverted because the cited achievement was not on the high level of the other examples.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:12, 3 February 2011 (EST)

== Great achievements by teenagers, redux ==

RI think you should read the above comment from Aschlafly, and understand that reverting his edits is probably not a great idea. [[User:Martyp|Martyp]] 18:48, 3 February 2011 (EST)
: I saw it. He didn't explain why it wasn't a great achievement. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:50, 3 February 2011 (EST)

:: No, BenjyB, the burden of showing greatness is with the person who is making the claim.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:06, 3 February 2011 (EST)

::: I've done that. See [[Talk:Great_Achievements_by_Teenagers]]. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 19:32, 5 February 2011 (EST)

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-06T00:26:34Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */

User talk:BenjyB

2011-02-03T23:50:28Z

BenjyB: /* Great achievements by teenagers, redux */

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-03T23:46:23Z

BenjyB: Undo revision 846100 by Martyp (talk)Aschlafly doubted if it was a meaningful discovery (he didn't give a reason). Yes, it was meaningful.

Most of the '''great achievements''' througout history in the fields of art, culture, science and technology have been by '''teenagers'''. This may be because they are able to think in new and innovative ways, or their thinking is not hidebound by discredited nostrums; it may be attributable to great teachers and great schooling - including homeschooling. It may simply be the emergence of God-given talent at an early age, and the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews. Biologically the rate of brain development, and according to some studies [[IQ]], reportedly peak in smart individuals just prior to their teenage years.<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/30/science/sci-brain30</ref>

==Achievements, listed by age at which they were made==

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin gives his first solo violin performance with the San Francisco Symphony in 1923.
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] plays his first public piano performance, having already authored two polonaises (G minor and B flat major) at age 7.
* '''10''' - [[Mark]], author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], witnesses the arrest of Jesus and develops the first [[Gospel]].
* '''10''' - Michael Kearney, [[homeschooled]], becomes the world's youngest university graduate.<ref>He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of South Alabama.</ref>At age 17, began a teaching career at college. <ref>[http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617185918AAum3vj Who is the YOUNGEST person to graduate college?] Yahoo Answers</ref>
* '''10''' - Kathryn Aurora Gray, of Fredericton, New Brunswick, discovered supernova 2010lt.<ref>http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/04/girl-10-becomes-youngest-to-discover-supernova/ CNN</ref>
* '''10''' - Terence Tao, the youngest ever medalist in International Mathematical Olympiad.
* '''11''' - William James Sidis, became the youngest ever student at Harvard College in 1909.
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] had secretly worked out the first twenty-three propositions of Euclid by himself.
* '''12''' - [[Jesus]] presents His wisdom in the temple in [[Jerusalem]].
* '''12''' - William "Willie" Johnson earned the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions during the [[Seven Days Battle]] and on the [[Peninsula Campaign]] during the [[American Civil War]]. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_1862_cwh/johnston_willie.html]
* '''12''' - William Rowan Hamilton, by this age had mastered [[Arabic]], [[Hebrew]], [[Persian]], [[Greek]], [[Latin]], Syriac, and Sanskrit among other [[languages]].
* '''13''' - [[Jonathan Krohn]] homeschooled, actor, internet radio host, guest speaker at [[CPAC]], author of ''Defining Conservatism''.
* '''13''' - [[John]] wrote the first draft of the [[Gospel of John]], the greatest written work of all time.<ref>[[Mystery:Was John a Child?]]</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] was inspired and led [[France]] five years later to victory over the English in the [[Hundred Years War]]; was martyred at age 19.<ref>http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/Joan_of_Arc.shtml</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl."
* '''14''' - [[David]] slays [[Goliath]].
* '''14''' - Ismail founded the Safavid dynasty and became its "shah" (military and spiritual ruler)
* '''14''' - [[Bobby Fischer]] became an International [[Chess]] Grandmaster.
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]] wrote the opera, "Mitridate Rè di Ponto."
* '''14''' - [[Nadia Comaneci]] "achieved in her sport what no [[Olympian]], male or female, ever had before: perfection."<ref>http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/events/1996/olympics/daily/july25/flashback.html</ref>
* '''14''' - [[St. Theresa of Lisieux]] rejected by Bishop Hugonin, pleads with Pope Leo XIII so she may enter the Carmelites. Became Carmelite nun at age 15.
* '''14''' - Bernadette Soubirous (St Bernadette of Lourdes) has a vision of the Virgin Mary
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system.
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 32 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''16''' - Boy sailor Jack Cornwall, of HMS Chester, is awarded a [[posthumous]] [[VC]] for gallantry at the [[Battle of Jutland]].
* '''16''' - the average age of 58 [[homeschooled]] teenagers who founded Conservapedia, so that the light of truth would continue to shine and darkness would not overcome it.
* '''16''' - Roger Mason discovers [[fossil]]s from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). He recognises that they're the remains of ancient organisms in rocks older than the Cambridge, not just marks in the rock as professors believed. His open-minded leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including [[Darwin]], about life on Earth.
* '''17''' - Cassie Bernall defended her [[faith]] in front of an [[atheistic]] gunman at the [[Columbine massacre]], and was martyred for it<ref>Two witnesses, Craig Scott and Joshua Lapp, confirmed a question-and-answer confrontation; others said Cassie was praying when murdered.[http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/c/cassie.htm]</ref>
* '''17*''' - [[Mary]] accepts [[God]]'s will to conceive [[Jesus]] by the [[Holy Spirit]], and gives birth nine months later.<ref>Mary's exact age is not known, but she was old enough to marry under Jewish law and was almost certainly a teenager.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm]</ref>
* '''17''' - Shawn Fanning develops the first large-scale peer-to-peer file sharing program, Napster
* '''17''' - Private 1st Class Jacklyn H. Lucas, [[United States Marine Corps]], earned the [[Medal of Honor]] five days after his 17th birthday during the [[Iwo Jima]] battle in [[World War II]]; he was a Marine for ''three years''. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_living/ii_mc_lucas.html]
* '''18''' - Lila Rose, a [[UCLA]] student who had been [[homeschooled]], goes undercover and does a stinging expose of an [[abortion]] clinic.<ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2007/may/07051504</ref>
* '''18''' - Shawn Goldsmith from Long Island has earned all 121 merit badges offered by the Boy Scouts. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473964,00.html Boy Scout Earns All 121 Merit Badges] AP, December 30, 2008</ref>
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus), later published when she was 21.
* '''18''' - [[Gary Kasparov]], considered the greatest [[chess]] player ever, won the [[U.S.S.R.]] championship.
* '''19''' - Captain Albert Ball, [[VC]], MC, DSO & 2 bars, commences his career as a fighter pilot. By the time he is killed, aged 20, in 1917, he has become one of the [[First World War]]'s greatest air aces, accounting for at least 44 [[German]] aircraft.
* '''19''' - was the average age of front-line [[US]] service personnel fighting to defend democracy in [[Indochina]] during the [[Vietnam War]].
* '''19''' - [[Evariste Galois]] applies [[group theory]] to the unsolvability of polynomial equations, before his death in a duel at age 20.
* '''19''' - [[John D. Rockefeller]] starts a new company, turning an enormous profit in its first year, and became the most influential businessman in history.<ref>http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Rockefeller-John-D.html</ref>
* '''19''' - [[Steve Jobs]] begins collaborating in electronics with Steve Wozniak<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/jobs.htm</ref> in electronics, and developed the personal computer within two years.
* '''19''' - [[Mark Zuckerberg]] commercializes [[Facebook]], which later became the leading social networking system on the [[internet]].
* '''19''' - Jim Ryun broke the world record for running the mile.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.
* '''20''' - Willis Carrier invents air conditioning.

(add more, sorted by age and then alphabetically)

== See also ==

*[[Gallery of American Heroes]]
*[[Gallery of British Heroes]]

==External Links==
*[http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-child-prodigies/ Top 10 Child Prodigies]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Achievement]]

Minister's son

2011-02-03T23:42:40Z

BenjyB: Undo revision 846099 by Martyp (talk)I thought this was just a list of eminent people who were sons of clergy - should we be more selective?

The '''minister's son''' is relatively rare in numbers (less than one in many tens of thousands), yet extraordinarily productive in accomplishment.

Some examples of minister's sons are:

*[[Niels Abel]], one of the greatest mathematicians, son of a Norwegian pastor.
*[[Alex Briley]], chart-topping singer: a minister's son who learned to sing in church from an early age.
*[[Gordon Brown]], [[Labour Party]] [[Prime Minister]] of the [[United Kingdom]], son of a [[Church of Scotland]] ([[Presbyterian]]) minister.
*[[Hugh Dennis]], comedian and former agent for the Security Service, son of the bishop of St Edmundsbury
*[[Leonhard Euler]], the most prolific mathematician ever, son of a Calvinist pastor.
*[[Anthony Flew]]<ref>http://www.adherents.com/people/pf/Anthony_Flew.html</ref>
*James Gamble, co-founder of Procter & Gamble<ref>http://famousbrandnames.blogspot.com/2007/02/procter-gamble.html</ref>
*[[Sir Nigel Gresley]], one of the greatest steam locomotive designers
*[[William Hamilton]], Irish mathematician and biggest contributor of mathematics to physics since Isaac Newton, raised by his uncle the Reverend James Hamilton.
*Captain [[William Kidd]], pirate, hanged 1701, was the son of a [[Greenock]] minister.
*[[Slobodan Milosevic]], the leading Serbian politician in late 20th century, son of an Orthodox cleric.
*[[Isaac Newton]], physicist, stepson of Anglican minister.
*[[Robert Noyce]], co-inventor of the [[integrated circuit]], son of a Congregational minister.
*Sir [[Laurence Olivier]](Lord Olivier), classical actor.
*[[J.C. Penney]]<ref>http://famousbrandnames.blogspot.com/2007/02/jc-penneys.html</ref>
*[[Bernhard Riemann]], mathematician, son of a Lutheran pastor.
*[[Vincent Van Gogh]]
*[[The Wright Brothers]]
*[[Nicola Tesla]]
*President [[Woodrow Wilson]]<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=950DE1D61439EF32A25751C2A9629C946496D6CF</ref>
*[[Tim Westwood]], well-known music journalist and motoring correspondent; son of the bishop of Peterborough

Achievement is even higher among children of missionaries. According to the organization [[Campus Crusade for Christ]]:<ref>http://www.wwcmagazine.org/1997/call.html</ref>
{{cquote|In a study listed in [[Who's Who]], it took 5,000 [[Presbyterian]] ministers to produce one child listed in Who's Who. Among lawyers the ratio was 5,000 to 1; dentists 2,500 to 1. But for every seven Christian missionary families from the United States, one of their children would be listed in Who's Who.}}

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Christian Group Structuring]]

Minister's son

2011-02-03T23:36:35Z

BenjyB: And one from Serbia

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-03T23:30:50Z

BenjyB: /* Roger Mason entry */

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-03T23:30:41Z

BenjyB: Undo revision 846075 by Aschlafly (talk)Roger Mason

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2011-02-03T22:50:26Z

BenjyB: Major contribution by a teenage to science

Most of the '''great achievements''' througout history in the fields of art, culture, science and technology have been by '''teenagers'''. This may be because they are able to think in new and innovative ways, or their thinking is not hidebound by discredited nostrums; it may be attributable to great teachers and great schooling - including homeschooling. It may simply be the emergence of God-given talent at an early age, and the natural open-mindedness of young people before they may experience attempts to indoctrinate them towards certain worldviews. Biologically the rate of brain development, and according to some studies [[IQ]], reportedly peak in smart individuals just prior to their teenage years.<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/30/science/sci-brain30</ref>

==Achievements, listed by age at which they were made==

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin gives his first solo violin performance with the San Francisco Symphony in 1923.
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] plays his first public piano performance, having already authored two polonaises (G minor and B flat major) at age 7.
* '''10''' - [[Mark]], author of the [[Gospel of Mark]], witnesses the arrest of Jesus and develops the first [[Gospel]].
* '''10''' - Michael Kearney, [[homeschooled]], becomes the world's youngest university graduate.<ref>He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of South Alabama.</ref>At age 17, began a teaching career at college. <ref>[http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617185918AAum3vj Who is the YOUNGEST person to graduate college?] Yahoo Answers</ref>
* '''10''' - Kathryn Aurora Gray, of Fredericton, New Brunswick, discovered supernova 2010lt.<ref>http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/04/girl-10-becomes-youngest-to-discover-supernova/ CNN</ref>
* '''10''' - Terence Tao, the youngest ever medalist in International Mathematical Olympiad.
* '''11''' - William James Sidis, became the youngest ever student at Harvard College in 1909.
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] had secretly worked out the first twenty-three propositions of Euclid by himself.
* '''12''' - [[Jesus]] presents His wisdom in the temple in [[Jerusalem]].
* '''12''' - William "Willie" Johnson earned the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions during the [[Seven Days Battle]] and on the [[Peninsula Campaign]] during the [[American Civil War]]. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_1862_cwh/johnston_willie.html]
* '''12''' - William Rowan Hamilton, by this age had mastered [[Arabic]], [[Hebrew]], [[Persian]], [[Greek]], [[Latin]], Syriac, and Sanskrit among other [[languages]].
* '''13''' - [[Jonathan Krohn]] homeschooled, actor, internet radio host, guest speaker at [[CPAC]], author of ''Defining Conservatism''.
* '''13''' - [[John]] wrote the first draft of the [[Gospel of John]], the greatest written work of all time.<ref>[[Mystery:Was John a Child?]]</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] was inspired and led [[France]] five years later to victory over the English in the [[Hundred Years War]]; was martyred at age 19.<ref>http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/Joan_of_Arc.shtml</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl."
* '''14''' - [[David]] slays [[Goliath]].
* '''14''' - Ismail founded the Safavid dynasty and became its "shah" (military and spiritual ruler)
* '''14''' - [[Bobby Fischer]] became an International [[Chess]] Grandmaster.
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]] wrote the opera, "Mitridate Rè di Ponto."
* '''14''' - [[Nadia Comaneci]] "achieved in her sport what no [[Olympian]], male or female, ever had before: perfection."<ref>http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/events/1996/olympics/daily/july25/flashback.html</ref>
* '''14''' - [[St. Theresa of Lisieux]] rejected by Bishop Hugonin, pleads with Pope Leo XIII so she may enter the Carmelites. Became Carmelite nun at age 15.
* '''14''' - Bernadette Soubirous (St Bernadette of Lourdes) has a vision of the Virgin Mary
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system.
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 32 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''16''' - Boy sailor Jack Cornwall, of HMS Chester, is awarded a [[posthumous]] [[VC]] for gallantry at the [[Battle of Jutland]].
* '''16''' - the average age of 58 [[homeschooled]] teenagers who founded Conservapedia, so that the light of truth would continue to shine and darkness would not overcome it.
* '''16''' - Roger Mason discovers [[fossil]]s from a whole era of complex life, the Ediacran (c.600 million years ago). His open-minded leads to an insight which overturns the limited preconceptions of earlier scientists, including [[Darwin]], about life on Earth.
* '''17''' - Cassie Bernall defended her [[faith]] in front of an [[atheistic]] gunman at the [[Columbine massacre]], and was martyred for it<ref>Two witnesses, Craig Scott and Joshua Lapp, confirmed a question-and-answer confrontation; others said Cassie was praying when murdered.[http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/c/cassie.htm]</ref>
* '''17*''' - [[Mary]] accepts [[God]]'s will to conceive [[Jesus]] by the [[Holy Spirit]], and gives birth nine months later.<ref>Mary's exact age is not known, but she was old enough to marry under Jewish law and was almost certainly a teenager.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm]</ref>
* '''17''' - Shawn Fanning develops the first large-scale peer-to-peer file sharing program, Napster
* '''17''' - Private 1st Class Jacklyn H. Lucas, [[United States Marine Corps]], earned the [[Medal of Honor]] five days after his 17th birthday during the [[Iwo Jima]] battle in [[World War II]]; he was a Marine for ''three years''. [http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/citations_living/ii_mc_lucas.html]
* '''18''' - Lila Rose, a [[UCLA]] student who had been [[homeschooled]], goes undercover and does a stinging expose of an [[abortion]] clinic.<ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2007/may/07051504</ref>
* '''18''' - Shawn Goldsmith from Long Island has earned all 121 merit badges offered by the Boy Scouts. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473964,00.html Boy Scout Earns All 121 Merit Badges] AP, December 30, 2008</ref>
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus), later published when she was 21.
* '''18''' - [[Gary Kasparov]], considered the greatest [[chess]] player ever, won the [[U.S.S.R.]] championship.
* '''19''' - Captain Albert Ball, [[VC]], MC, DSO & 2 bars, commences his career as a fighter pilot. By the time he is killed, aged 20, in 1917, he has become one of the [[First World War]]'s greatest air aces, accounting for at least 44 [[German]] aircraft.
* '''19''' - was the average age of front-line [[US]] service personnel fighting to defend democracy in [[Indochina]] during the [[Vietnam War]].
* '''19''' - [[Evariste Galois]] applies [[group theory]] to the unsolvability of polynomial equations, before his death in a duel at age 20.
* '''19''' - [[John D. Rockefeller]] starts a new company, turning an enormous profit in its first year, and became the most influential businessman in history.<ref>http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Rockefeller-John-D.html</ref>
* '''19''' - [[Steve Jobs]] begins collaborating in electronics with Steve Wozniak<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/jobs.htm</ref> in electronics, and developed the personal computer within two years.
* '''19''' - [[Mark Zuckerberg]] commercializes [[Facebook]], which later became the leading social networking system on the [[internet]].
* '''19''' - Jim Ryun broke the world record for running the mile.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.
* '''20''' - Willis Carrier invents air conditioning.

(add more, sorted by age and then alphabetically)

== See also ==

*[[Gallery of American Heroes]]
*[[Gallery of British Heroes]]

==External Links==
*[http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-child-prodigies/ Top 10 Child Prodigies]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Achievement]]

Minister's son

2011-02-02T22:49:44Z

BenjyB: Alex Briley

The '''minister's son''' is relatively rare in numbers (less than one in many tens of thousands), yet extraordinarily productive in accomplishment.

Some examples of minister's sons are:

*[[Niels Abel]], one of the greatest mathematicians, son of a Norwegian pastor.
*[[Alex Briley]], chart-topping singer: a minister's son who learned to sing in church from an early age.
*[[Gordon Brown]], [[Labour Party]] [[Prime Minister]] of the [[United Kingdom]], son of a [[Church of Scotland]] ([[Presbyterian]]) minister.
*[[Hugh Dennis]], comedian and former agent for the Security Service, son of the bishop of St Edmundsbury
*[[Leonhard Euler]], the most prolific mathematician ever, son of a Calvinist pastor.
*[[Anthony Flew]]<ref>http://www.adherents.com/people/pf/Anthony_Flew.html</ref>
*James Gamble, co-founder of Procter & Gamble<ref>http://famousbrandnames.blogspot.com/2007/02/procter-gamble.html</ref>
*[[Sir Nigel Gresley]], one of the greatest steam locomotive designers
*[[William Hamilton]], Irish mathematician and biggest contributor of mathematics to physics since Isaac Newton, raised by his uncle the Reverend James Hamilton.
*Captain [[William Kidd]], pirate, hanged 1701, was the son of a [[Greenock]] minister.
*[[Isaac Newton]], physicist, stepson of Anglican minister.
*[[Robert Noyce]], co-inventor of the [[integrated circuit]], son of a Congregational minister.
*Sir [[Laurence Olivier]](Lord Olivier), classical actor.
*[[J.C. Penney]]<ref>http://famousbrandnames.blogspot.com/2007/02/jc-penneys.html</ref>
*[[Bernhard Riemann]], mathematician, son of a Lutheran pastor.
*[[Vincent Van Gogh]]
*[[The Wright Brothers]]
*[[Nicola Tesla]]
*President [[Woodrow Wilson]]<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=950DE1D61439EF32A25751C2A9629C946496D6CF</ref>
*[[Tim Westwood]], well-known music journalist and motoring correspondent; son of the bishop of Peterborough

Achievement is even higher among children of missionaries. According to the organization [[Campus Crusade for Christ]]:<ref>http://www.wwcmagazine.org/1997/call.html</ref>
{{cquote|In a study listed in [[Who's Who]], it took 5,000 [[Presbyterian]] ministers to produce one child listed in Who's Who. Among lawyers the ratio was 5,000 to 1; dentists 2,500 to 1. But for every seven Christian missionary families from the United States, one of their children would be listed in Who's Who.}}

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Christian Group Structuring]]

Minister's son

2011-02-02T00:55:26Z

BenjyB: Couple of UK guys

The '''minister's son''' is relatively rare in numbers (less than one in many tens of thousands), yet extraordinarily productive in accomplishment.

Some examples of minister's sons are:

*[[Niels Abel]], one of the greatest mathematicians, son of a Norwegian pastor.
*[[Gordon Brown]], [[Labour Party]] [[Prime Minister]] of the [[United Kingdom]], son of a [[Church of Scotland]] ([[Presbyterian]]) minister.
*[[Hugh Dennis]], comedian and former agent for the Security Service, son of the bishop of St Edmundsbury
*[[Leonhard Euler]], the most prolific mathematician ever, son of a Calvinist pastor.
*[[Anthony Flew]]<ref>http://www.adherents.com/people/pf/Anthony_Flew.html</ref>
*James Gamble, co-founder of Procter & Gamble<ref>http://famousbrandnames.blogspot.com/2007/02/procter-gamble.html</ref>
*[[Sir Nigel Gresley]], one of the greatest steam locomotive designers
*[[William Hamilton]], Irish mathematician and biggest contributor of mathematics to physics since Isaac Newton, raised by his uncle the Reverend James Hamilton.
*Captain [[William Kidd]], pirate, hanged 1701, was the son of a [[Greenock]] minister.
*[[Isaac Newton]], physicist, stepson of Anglican minister.
*[[Robert Noyce]], co-inventor of the [[integrated circuit]], son of a Congregational minister.
*Sir [[Laurence Olivier]](Lord Olivier), classical actor.
*[[J.C. Penney]]<ref>http://famousbrandnames.blogspot.com/2007/02/jc-penneys.html</ref>
*[[Bernhard Riemann]], mathematician, son of a Lutheran pastor.
*[[Vincent Van Gogh]]
*[[The Wright Brothers]]
*[[Nicola Tesla]]
*President [[Woodrow Wilson]]<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=950DE1D61439EF32A25751C2A9629C946496D6CF</ref>
*[[Tim Westwood]], well-known music journalist and motoring correspondent; son of the bishop of Peterborough

Achievement is even higher among children of missionaries. According to the organization [[Campus Crusade for Christ]]:<ref>http://www.wwcmagazine.org/1997/call.html</ref>
{{cquote|In a study listed in [[Who's Who]], it took 5,000 [[Presbyterian]] ministers to produce one child listed in Who's Who. Among lawyers the ratio was 5,000 to 1; dentists 2,500 to 1. But for every seven Christian missionary families from the United States, one of their children would be listed in Who's Who.}}

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Christian Group Structuring]]

User:BenjyB

2010-11-03T00:51:45Z

BenjyB:

{{Useful links}}

Hi. Just to say that I'm starting by contributing to articles on subjects that I know something about.

Also, I'm being picky about spelling, punctuation, etc. Is that OK in this encyclopedia?

Great project!

World Series

2010-11-03T00:45:51Z

BenjyB: WS 2010

[[Image:2006Cardinals.jpg|right|280px|thumb|President George W. Bush hosts the 2006 World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals at the White House.]]
'''The World Series''' is the championship series of [[Major League Baseball]]. It is also known as the "Fall Classic". The playoffs follow the regular season, culminating in the World Series in October each year. The event is a series of seven games played between the champions of the [[American League]] and [[National League]].

== History ==

The World Series has taken place annually since 1903, with the exception of 1904 and 1994. The first World Series was the culmination of a bitter dispute between the new American League and the older National League (The clubs went so far as to challenge each other to a game of football at the end of the 1902 season). The two leagues organized a series of post-season exhibition games between each other, with the two pennant winners (The [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] of the National League and the [[Boston Red Sox]] of the American League) squaring off. That series of games is considered the first World Series. [[Boston]] beat [[Pittsburgh]] five games to three. The win gave credibility to the American League and brought [[pride]] to Boston.

In the 2010 World Series, the San Francisco Giants beat the Texas Rangers four games to one. The game-by-game scores were (Giants first): 11-7, 9-0, 4-2, 4-0, 3-1. Edgar Rentería, the Giants shortstop, was named Most Valuable Player.

==Record==

The [[New York Yankees]] have won the most World Series championships, with 27.<ref>[http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/postseason/mlb_ws.jsp?feature=club_champs MLB.com]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Major League Baseball]]
* [[Boston Red Sox]] 2007 Winners.

== External links ==

*[http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/ps/y2006/index.jsp MLB.com World Series]
*[http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/wsmenu.shtml World Series History]
{{baseball}}

Talk:Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies

2010-09-20T20:51:44Z

BenjyB: /* U-571 */ new section

[[Talk:Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies/archive1|Archive 1]]
 [[Talk:Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies/archive2|Archive 2]]

== Public Discussion Here ==

(post comments here by clicking "Edit this page")

== Brokeback Mountain ==

I was thinking about this topic earlier and had an interesting thought about a seemingly non-conservative movie that, in a way, is actually quite so. I'm going to throw this out there for some (hopefully productive and civil) debate and see what people think.

The movie is Brokeback Mountain. Now hold on to your outrage, people. I have justifications for my point. Please hear me out. (Oh, and spoilers, just in case you planned to see/read it and hadn't)

As you probably know, the movie (and the novella on which its based) is about two men who fall into a homosexual lifestyle. But what struck me as conservative about this film is that it doesn't glorify the lifestyle; the two mens' choice to indulge in homosexuality is a disastrous choice that ends up ruining both their lives. One man's marriage is destroyed and his relationship with his child is forever tainted. The other man's choice actually leads to his violent death (Incidentally, I'm not saying that killing someone for being gay is a conservative value. But the point is that this movie is actually very up-front about acknowledging the catastrophic consequences of a homosexual lifestyle).

Considering all that, my next though was whether this movie might be unintentionally conservative, in which case it certainly doesn't belong on this list. But I don't think it is (haven't seen it since it first came out though, so I could be wrong).

So, there's my point. I would appreciate some discussion. I imagine some CPers will think I'm trolling or just trying to start an argument. Not so. I feel like it's a valid point but that there are probably strong arguments for and against, and I'd really like to hear what other people think. [[User:EMorris|EMorris]] 17:11, 25 June 2010 (EDT)

== U-571 ==

I deleted U-571 from this list. It portrays the capture of an Enigma machine from a German U-boat by US forces. As pretty much everyone with any interest in WW2 knows, the naval Enigma machine was stolen by Polish forces and decoded by British code-breakers at Bletchley. My Brit friends think U-571 is a joke because it minimises the role of the British ("you arrogant Yankees"). Poles are offended because it cuts out the Polish involvement altogether - including the very brave men who risked their lives to steal an Enigma machine and hand it over to British Intelligence. (BTW, Britain and Poland were allies of ours in WW2 and still are now.) Deceit isn't a conservative virtue - so I crossed U-571 off the list. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 16:51, 20 September 2010 (EDT)

Essay:Greatest Conservative Movies

2010-09-20T20:47:05Z

BenjyB: Deleted U-571 (deceit ain't a Conservative virtue)

'''Conservative movies exist, and some are immensely popular. Here is our growing list:'''

#''[[Invasion of the Body Snatchers]]'' (1956), a science fiction condemnation of [[communism]].
#''[[The Exorcist]]'' (1973) (not for children), a portrayal of pure evil with sympathy to only adversary it fears: [[Christianity]]. In its time it became the top-grossing film ever.
# ''[[Dark Matter]]'' (2008), a brutally candid portrayal of [[professor values]] along with problems associated with lack of assimilation; liberals first praised the movie, but after realizing its conservative message then panned it.
#''[[Spider-Man]]'' (2002), which praises moral virtue (hard-working teenager, devout aunt and well-meaning uncle) and pokes fun at [[liberals]] (entertainers and journalist). Hero chooses [[abstinence]]. This was one of the most profitable films ever made.
#''[[Gone With the Wind]]'' (1939), which celebrates a strongly ''feminine'' heroine who is the antithesis of a modern [[feminist]], and held the record for top-grossing movie for decades.
#''[[Ben-Hur (film, 1959)|Ben-Hur]]'' (1959), celebrates honor and duty to family and country, with a pro-Christian ending, long held the record for the most [[Academy Awards]].
#''[[Expelled | Expelled:No Intelligence Allowed]] (2008) - Ben Stein exposes scientific and education system deceit.
#''[[Hillary: The Movie]]'' (2008) - Citizens United film exposing Hillary Clinton. The movie led to the overturning of McCain-Feingold legislation by the Supreme Court of the United States.
#''[[Indoctrinate U]]'' (2007) - The film exposed political correctness, racial and ethnic politics in the academic setting. <ref>[http://video.yahoo.com/watch/3624795/9994231 Indoctrinate U -Part 1/3, Yahoo]</ref>
#''[[Fireproof (film)|Fireproof]]'' (2008) - Highly successful pro-Christian, pro-marriage film created by [[Sherwood Pictures]].
#''[[The Sound of Music]]'' (1965), solid family entertainment, perhaps Hollywood's last great movie before it turned sharply Left.
#''[[The Ten Commandments]]'' (1956)
#''[[Mr. Smith Goes To Washington]]'' (1939)
#''[[Star Wars]]'' series (1977-2005) - simple truths about the triumph of good over evil.
#''The Winning Team'' (1952), starring [[Ronald Reagan]] as a pitcher who overcomes his problems to help his team win. This was one of Reagan's own favorites.
#''[[King of Kings]]'' (1961)
#''[[Iron Eagle]]'' (1986)
#''[[On The Waterfront]]'' (1954) [[Marlon Brando]] plays Terry Malloy, who under the inspiration of a Catholic priest (Father Barry, played by [[Karl Malden]]), becomes a Christ-like figure. Betrayed by his brother and almost killed by the gang, he finds the strength to overcome and redeem his people from the slavery to the mobsters who run the waterfront. In stunning contrast to the liberals who kept silent about the Communist subversion in Hollywood, the film portrays the informer as the hero; liberal Hollywood never forgave director [[Elia Kazan]] for his stunning film. In real life, Kazan, Malden and screenwriter Budd Schulberg all testified before Congress, along with [[Ronald Reagan]]. Together they broke the power of the Reds in Hollywood.
#''[[Sergeant York]]'' (1941)
#''[[Knute Rockne: All-American]]'' (1940)
#''[[Ninotchka]]'' (1939)
#''[[Forbidden Planet]]'' (1956)
#''[[Rudy]]'' (1993)
#''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998)
#''[[Strategic Air Command (film)|Strategic Air Command]]'' (1955). Actor (and Brigadier [[General]]) [[James Stewart]]'s story of the real [[Strategic Air Command]] and its transition from prop planes to jet planes.
#''[[A Gathering of Eagles]]'' (1963). Illustrates duty, honor, and the burden of command.
#''[[Red Dawn]]'' (1984)
#''[[Harry's War]]'' (1981)
#''[[The Patriot]]'' (2000) (the one starring Mel Gibson, there are several other movies with this name)
#''[[Ladder 49]]'' (2004)
#''[[Rocky]]'' (1976) (perseverance and talent can overcome all odds)
#''[[October Sky]]'' (1999)
#''[[Amazing Grace (film)|Amazing Grace]]''
#''[[Bruce Almighty]]'' (2003)
#''[[World Trade Center]]'' (2006) (highlights the bravery of the firemen and police in [[9/11]])
#''[[Flight 93]]'' (2006)
#''[[A Man For All Seasons]]'' (1966)
#''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' (1981)
#''[[One Foot In Heaven]]'' (1941)
#''[[Quo Vadis?]]''
#''[[The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) (dangers of alcohol)
#''[[The Manchurian Candidate]]'' (1962, 2004 remake) (anti-communist in general, but with a swipe at [[Joseph McCarthy]])
#''[[The Green Berets]]'' (1968)Vivid defense of our troops' conduct in the Vietnam War.
#''[[My Son John]]'' (1952). A small-town couple's world is turned upside-down by the discovery that their adult son is a Communist.
#''[[True Lies]]'' (1994), starring the future Republican governor of California, [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]. Teaches conservative values like marital loyalty, and political incorrect facts such as the fact that most terrorists are Middle Eastern Arabic speakers who don't value human life.
#''[[The Island]]'' (2005) Pro-life statement against cloning to harvest organs.
#''[[Evelyn]]'' (2002) True story of Irish father's legal struggle to recover his kids from an orphanage.
#''[[Shane]]'' (1953) Western about defending a homesteading family.
#'' [[Lean on Me]]'' (1989) A true story about combating drug use, violence, and contempt for authority while exalting positive values like academic achievement and family values.<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097722/</ref>
#''[[Hero]]'' (1992) Even those with character flaws can do good.
#''[[The Day of the Jackal]]'' (1973) celebrates conservative values like honor and duty.
#''[[The 6th Day]]'' (2000) Pro-Life, Anti-Cloning movie Featuring Republican Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
#''Ghostbusters'' (1984). Fitting satire of an environmental regulator.
#[[Facing the Giants]] 2006. Trust in [[God]], let him take over, and good things will happen.
#''Flash of Genius'' (2008) - the intellectual property of a hard-working, solitary inventor is promoted, and his children stuck by his side through enormous difficulties.
#''Oh, God!'' (1977) - Acceptance of God's calling is rewarded, the faithful are vindicated, and naysayers are proven wrong.
#''[[Courageous]]'' (2011) - Upcoming [[Sherwood Pictures]] film focusing on the role of fathers.
#''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' (1997) - Positively portrays a strong U.S. president who takes an uncompromising stance against terrorism. Includes positive material about family, authority, the military and sacrifice.
#''[[The Fellowship of the Ring (film, 2001)|The Lord of the Rings: the Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (2001) - Clear distinction between good and evil with positive themes of friendship, bravery, honor, sacrifice and overcoming temptation.
#''[[The Two Towers (film, 2002)|The Lord of the Rings: the Two Towers]]'' (2002) - Strong portrayals of redemption and good over evil.
#''[[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]'' (2003) - Promotes many positive conservative values including faith in God, patriotism, duty, honor, respect for authority, discipline, bravery, sacrifice, and friendship.
#''[[The Return of the King (2003 film)|The Lord of the Rings: the Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (2003) - Bravery, heroism, sacrifice and good ultimately triumphing over evil.
#''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' (2005) - Based upon the Christian allegory written by C.S. Lewis.
#''Coach Carter'' (2005) - Promotes the theme that graduating from high school and having proper moral values are more important than becoming famous athletes.
#''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian]]'' (2008)
#''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]'' (2010)
#''[[The Seventh Sign]]'' (1988) - starring Demi Moore, a fictional account of the return of Jesus to usher in the apocalypse and judge mankind. Catholic themed movie has Demi offering her life for the souls of others.
#''[[Maafa21]]'' (2009) the film explores the inception of [[Planned Parenthood]] as an organization created to destroy the Negro population. It exposes the words of its' racist founder [[Margaret Sanger]] and their impact on black genocide more than a century later. <ref>[http://www.maafa21.com www.maafa21.com]</ref>
#''[[Twelve O'Clock High]]'' (1949)

== Debatable Whether Conservative ==

#''[[The Passion of the Christ]]'' (2004) (downplays the [[Resurrection]]<ref>The original version of the film had no references at all to the Resurrection.</ref> and strength of Christianity and omits powerful angels; instead exaggerates triumph of evil; film had little lasting effect on public or its producer; portrayed nails as through the hands rather than through the wrists as depicted by the [[Shroud of Turin]] and confirmed by modern science)
#''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' (1946) (falsely teaches that humanism is what makes life worthwhile; marginalizes faith with a cartoonish depiction and demonizes capitalism as sadistic and greedy)
#''[[High Noon]]'' (1952) (Bill Clinton saw this movie 20 times, and John Wayne said it was the most un-American movie ever;<ref>http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/47/highnoon.php</ref> though susceptible of various interpretations, most of all it seems to scare people into wanting more government)
#''[[P.C.U.]]'' (1994) - college students fight back against a campus where the administration promotes official [[diversity]] awareness weekends and radical [[feminism]], [[vegan]]ism, and [[political correctness]] run amok, but a conservative group on campus is also portrayed just as negatively as the P.C. groups.
#''Pillow Talk'' (1959) - a classic starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day in which conservative values triumph over liberal ones. There are no distortions by feminist ideology. Indeed, in one scene a leading man slaps the leading woman, but then is beaten up by dimwitted bystanders for it!
#''[[Blues Brothers]]'' (1980) - comedy musical. A story of redemption, "A mission from God", raising money to save a Catholic orphanage. R-rated movie for vulgar language, slap stick comedy. Vatican approved. <ref>[http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/06/18/vatican-blesses-blues-brothers/ Vatican Calls The Blues Brothers “Catholic”, FOXNews, June 19, 2010]</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Essays about Conservatism]]
[[Category:Hollywood]]

BP

2010-09-07T19:22:16Z

BenjyB: /* The Stock Goes Public (1987) */

'''BP''' is a British energy company. Originally founded it 1909,<ref>This source was used throughout the History section: BP. (2010). ''Our History''. Retrieved June 29, 2010, from http://www.bp.com/extendedsectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=10&contentId=7036819</ref> it is now one of the world's largest energy companies<ref>BP. (2010). ''BP at a glance''. Retrieved June 29, 2010, from http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=3&contentId=2006926</ref> and [[United States|America's]] largest [[oil]] and gas producer.<ref>BP. (2010). ''Oil: Going below and beyond for energy security''. Retrieved June 29, 2010, from http://www.bp.com/iframe.do?categoryId=9030821&contentId=7056949</ref>

BP leased and operated the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig that exploded on April 20 of 2010, leading to the [[Gulf of Mexico oil spill]].

== History ==

===Beginnings (1901-1934)===
In 1901, Englishman William D'Arcy got exclusive rights to search for oil in southwest Persia. D'Arcy struck oil in 1908, and started the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in 1909. [[Winston Churchill]] argued to [[Parliament]] in 1914 that Britain needed to secure a dedicated oil supply, and the [[United Kingdom]] government became a major shareholder in the Anglo-Persian oil company. In 1917 the Anglo-Persian oil company purchased British Petroleum, which at the time had oil, but no way to get it to consumers. By 1925 British Petroleum had 6,000 roadside pumps in the UK.

===Trouble in Iran (1935-1987)===
When Persia became [[Iran]] in 1935, Anglo-Persian became Anglo-Iranian. [[Politics|Political]] changes in Iran forced Anglo-Iranian's refinery to temporarily shut down in 1951 as Iranian oil was [[nationalization|nationalized]]. The refinery was opened again in 1954, but as Anglo-Iranian was no longer the only oil company in Iran, they changed their name to British Petroleum. Iran’s oil industry was completely nationalized in 1979 following the [[Islam|Islamic]] Revolution, and British Petroleum was forced to end its operations in the country.

===The Stock Goes Public (1987)===
The British government sold the last of its shares in British Petroleum in October 1987, allowing the company to finally be completely [[privatization|privatized]] for the first time in 73 years. The privatization of the company was expected to boost share values, but the [[Black Monday]] stock market crash occurred just before the sale, drastically reducing share values. The [[Kuwait|Kuwaiti]] government bought 22% of British Petroleum’s total shares while the price was low. Eventually British Petroleum bought back nearly 400 million of the Kuwaiti shares and cancelled them.

===Mergers and Exansion (1988-Present)===
British Petroleum bought Britoil in 1988. Full ownership of Sohio was acquired in 1989. British Petroleum merged with Amoco in 1998, and the organization was officially renamed BP Amoco. ARCO joined the BP Amoco group in 2000. The group also acquired Burmah-Castrol in 2000 and rebranded itself as BP. Castrol continues to operate under its brand name while Burmah’s operations were incorporated into BP.

==See also==
*[[History of Iran]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[category:Commerce]]

Kentucky

2010-09-07T19:19:57Z

BenjyB: /* Politics */ Chao: ''was'' Labor Sec.

{{USState
|name=Kentucky
|flag=Kentucky_State_Flag.gif
|motto= 
#"United We Stand, Divided We Fall"
#"Deo gratiam habeamus" (Let us be grateful to God)
|nick=The Bluegrass State
|capital=Frankfort
|language=English
|governor=Steve Beshear
|gparty=Democrat
|senator2=Jim Bunning
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-4343
|s2email=http://bunning.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Contact.ContactForm Contact
|senator1=Mitch McConnell
|s1party=Republican
|s1phone=(202) 224-2541
|s1email=http://mcconnell.senate.gov/contact_form.cfm Contact
|population=
|date=June 1, 1792 (15th)
}}
'''Kentucky''', the Bluegrass State, entered the [[United States of America|Union]] in 1792, making it the fifteenth state. Kentucky's capital is [[Frankfort]], and the largest city is [[Louisville]], with a Metro population surpassing 1,000,000. Kentucky is famous for many things, including the [[Kentucky Derby]], [[bourbon]], [[Kentucky Fried Chicken]], [[coal]], [[bluegrass music]], and boxing great [[Muhammad Ali]].

==History==
Kentucky was founded as a county of the state of [[Virginia]] in 1776. Kentucky County was divided into three counties in 1780, and the three became a state in their own right in 1792. Kentucky was the fifteenth state to enter the [[United States|Union]], after [[Vermont]] the previous year. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Kentucky's government remained loyal to the Union, though a [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] government based itself in Bowling Green, in the south of the state. The state was invaded in September 1861, and its capital, [[Frankfort, Kentucky|Frankfort]], was captured by Confederate forces in 1862, the only Union capital to fall into Confederate hands during the war.<ref>http://www.visitkentuckyusa.com/about-kentucky/kentucky-facts.asp</ref>

==Sports==
Kentucky is best-known for its men's college [[basketball]] teams, most notably the [[University of Kentucky]] Wildcats and [[University of Louisville]] Cardinals. The University of Kentucky (UK) traditionally has been the dominant of the two, having won seven NCAA titles. According to Sagarin ratings, the 1996 UK team is the highest-ranked college basketball team in NCAA history. Many UK basketball players have gone on to play in the NBA. The UK basketball team has recently lost its dominance, and the in-state rivalry between the two universities has become less one-sided.

[[Football]] has become increasingly associated with Kentucky as well, due to the [[University of Louisville]]'s team's growth under the coaching of Bobby Petrino. In 2007, the Cardinals competed in and won at the [[Orange Bowl]]. During the 2007 football season, the University of Kentucky has been extremely successful compared to the past, having beaten several ranked teams, including Louisville and #1 (at the time) LSU.

==Politics==
Kentucky is generally considered a [[Republican Party|red]] state. Republicans [[Jim Bunning]] and [[Mitch McConnell]] are [[Senators]]. Senator McConnell is [[Minority Leader of the Senate]]. McConnell's wife, [[Elaine Chao]], was [[United States]] [[Secretary of Labor]] under President G.W. Bush. However, Democrat [[Steve Beshear]] is the current Governor. Kentucky is allowed to seat six representatives in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]], and these seats are held by Republicans Ed Whitfield, Ron Lewis, Geoff Davis, and Hal Rogers, and Democrats John Yarmuth and Ben Chandler.

Republican governor [[Ernie Fletcher]] lost his re-election bid to Beshear in 2007.

The Kentucky State Senate has 21 Republicans, 16 Democrats, and one Independent. The Kentucky House, however, has 61 Democrats and only 39 Republicans.

[[Image:Ky outline.jpg|right|300px]]

==Geography==
Kentucky borders several other states: to the north [[Ohio]], [[Indiana]], and [[Illinois]], to the south [[Tennessee]], to the east [[Virginia]] and [[West Virginia]], and to the west [[Missouri]]. The [[Ohio River]] makes up the northern border of Kentucky.

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:Kentucky]]

William Shakespeare

2010-09-05T19:16:21Z

BenjyB: format

[[Image:Foliou.jpg|right|thumb|[[portraits|Portrait]] of William Shakespeare on the cover of the First Folio (1623), the first collected edition of his plays]]
'''William Shakespeare''' (1564-1616) is generally regarded as the greatest playwright--indeed, the greatest ''writer''--in the English language. Many of his plays are required reading in school curricula throughout the English-speaking world and beyond; those taught in schools often include ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', ''[[Macbeth]]'', ''[[A Midsummer-Night's Dream]]'' and ''[[Hamlet]]''.

Shakespeare wrote 17 comedies, 10 tragedies, 10 historical plays, 154 love [[sonnet]]s, and several other works of non-dramatic poetry. All his plays are freely available on the internet.<ref>
http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/</ref>

Shakespeare spent his early years in Stratford-upon-Avon, [[Warwickshire]] and is also known as "the Bard of Avon." Because of sharing the name "Stratford," the towns of Stratford, Ontario, in Canada and Stratford, Connecticut, have become the homes of Shakespeare festivals where his plays are performed on a regular basis.

Shakespeare did not become famous until late in his life and few details are known about his early life. He attended Stratford-Upon-Avon Grammar School, where he received a sound education in the Latin and Greek classics, reflected in many of his plays. The social class from which he came could be described as wealthy tradesment. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker who became mayor of Stratford-upon-Avon despite almost certainly being a Roman Catholic (in the early part of the reign of Elizabeth I, penalties against Catholics were light and often not imposed). His mother, Mary Arden, the daughter of a farmer, was certainly Catholic. William Shakepeare himself knew many of the Warwickshire Catholic gentry who later led the Gunpowder Plot to overthrow King James VI. Shakespeare himself did not adhere publicly to the Roman religion and it is not known if, like many Catholics, he practised it in private.<ref> ''In Search of Shakespeare'', by Michael Wood. BBC Books, 2003.</ref> There are few pictures of him but his near-contemporary as a playwright, Ben Jonson, stated that the famous engraving by Martin Droeshout, shown on this page, was a good likeness.

The idea of an ill-educated (to his contemporaries) person coming among them and making a success was upsetting to the University-educated playwrights of the time. It is believed that the poet, Philip Green, was referring to Shakespeare when he wrote
{{cquote|There is an upstart crow beautified with our feathers
that, with his '''tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide'','
supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse
as the best of you; being an absolute Johannes Factotum,
in his conceit the only ''shake-scene'' in a country.}}
The 'tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide' is a reference to one of Shakespeare's plays, ''[[The Third Part of King Henry VI]]'',<ref> [[Great Books, Shakespeare: I]], Edited by Mortimer J. Adler, 1952. </ref> while 'shake-scene' is a pun or play on words on Shakespeare's name.

His plays seem to show so much education and erudition that many theories have arisen that those works must have been written by someone else, famous candidates being the [[Oxfordian|Earl of Oxford]] and Sir [[Francis Bacon]]. Most scholars reject these theories, but there are enough questions that new theories of Shakespearean authorship continue to arise.

A long-standing theatrical [[superstition]] holds that it is bad luck to refer to ''Macbeth'' directly by its name while inside a theatre, and accordingly, actors traditionally refer to it obliquely as "the Scottish play." It is considered acceptable to voice the play's name only while rehearsing or performing the production itself.

Because Shakespeare's plays are so familiar, there are innumerable references to them in English literature. Sometimes his stories are recast into a different form. The musical ''West Side Story'' is a retelling of ''Romeo and Juliet,'' and the classic science-fiction movie ''Forbidden Planet'' is a transformed version of ''The Tempest.''

The reverence in which Shakespeare is held, and the archaic language of his plays (from the same era as the King James translation of the Bible) should not obscure the fact that his plays were (and still are) fabulously successful.

He is also famous for his 154 [[sonnet]]s, short poems written in a very strict [[rhyme scheme]]. The sonnets fall into series or sequences. Most of them are usually read as expressions of romantic or platonic love; some appear to be written to a married woman known in the sonnets as the "Dark Lady," some to a young man known as the "Fair Lord."

Considering his major themes, Shakespeare is undoubtedly a conservative figure by today's standards. Major conservative themes in his works include the sacred nature of the familial structure in [[King Lear]], the recognition of God in his plays and personal life, the existence of necessary war in [[The Famous Life of Henry V]], and the exposed injustice of taxation in [[Coriolanus]]. Not surprisingly, modern [[liberal]] literary critics often ignore these themes because of their place on the modern political spectrum.

Shakespeare wrote in his will, "I commend my soul into the hands of God, my Creator, hoping and assuredly believing, through the only merits of Jesus Christ, my Saviour, to be made partaker of life everlasting."<ref>http://www.amerisearch.net/index.php?date=2004-04-23&view=View</ref>

His tomb in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, England, reads as follows:<ref>''Id.''</ref>
{{cquote|Good Friend For Jesus Sake Forbeare, To Digg The Dust Enclosed Heare. Blese Be Ye Man Spares Thes Stones, And Curst Be He Moves My Bones.}}

== List of Plays by Shakespeare[http://absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/bibliography/bibliography.htm] ==

=== Comedies ===
[[File:Shakespeare f. Reuters.jpg|right]]
*[[Two Gentlemen of Verona]] (1589)
*[[The Comedy of Errors]] (1589)
*[[The Taming of the Shrew]] (1593)
*[[Love's Labour's Lost]] (1594)
*[[A Midsummer-Night's Dream]] (1595)
*[[The Merchant of Venice]] (1596)
*[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]] (1597)
*[[Much Ado About Nothing]] (1598)
*[[As You Like It]] (1599)
*[[Twelfth Night]] (1601)
*[[All's Well That Ends Well]] (1602)
*[[Measure for Measure]] (1603)
*[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]] (1607)
*[[Cymbeline]] (1609)
*[[The Winter's Tale]] (1609)
*[[The Tempest]] (1610)
*[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]] (1611)

=== Histories ===
*[[The Life and Death of King John]] (1590)
*[[The First Part of King Henry VI]] (1590)
*[[The Second Part of King Henry VI]] (1592)
*[[The Third Part of King Henry VI]] (1593)
*[[The Tragedy of King Richard III]] (1593)
*[[The Tragedy of King Richard II]] (1595)
*[[The First Part of King Henry IV]] (1596)
*[[The Second Part of King Henry IV]] (1597)
*[[The Famous Life of King Henry V]] (1599)
*[[The Famous Life of King Henry VIII]] (1613)

=== Tragedies ===
*[[Titus Andronicus]] (1591)
*[[Romeo and Juliet]] (1594)
*[[Julius Caesar (Play)|Julius Caesar]] (1599)
*[[Troilus and Cressida]] (1600)
*[[Hamlet]] (1600)
*[[Othello]] (1603)
*[[Timon of Athens]] (1604)
*[[King Lear]] (1605)
*[[Macbeth]] (1606)
*[[Coriolanus]] (1608)
*[[Antony and Cleopatra]] (1608)

== Trivia ==
* "Shakespeare" was spelled many ways before English spelling was standardized. Some of the more unexpected forms are "Shaxper," "Shaxberd," and "Shaksper."<ref>http://shakespeareauthorship.com/name1.html</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Leo Tolstoy]]
*[[Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra]]

== External links ==

*[http://books.mirror.org/gb.shakespeare.html An Index to Online Great Books]

==References==
<references/>

-----

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shakespeare, William}}

[[Category:Playwrights|Shakespeare, William]]
[[category:poets|Shakespeare, William]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:British History]]
[[Category:Renaissance]]
[[Category:Theater]]

William Shakespeare

2010-09-05T19:15:48Z

BenjyB: Reference for early life

[[Image:Foliou.jpg|right|thumb|[[portraits|Portrait]] of William Shakespeare on the cover of the First Folio (1623), the first collected edition of his plays]]
'''William Shakespeare''' (1564-1616) is generally regarded as the greatest playwright--indeed, the greatest ''writer''--in the English language. Many of his plays are required reading in school curricula throughout the English-speaking world and beyond; those taught in schools often include ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', ''[[Macbeth]]'', ''[[A Midsummer-Night's Dream]]'' and ''[[Hamlet]]''.

Shakespeare wrote 17 comedies, 10 tragedies, 10 historical plays, 154 love [[sonnet]]s, and several other works of non-dramatic poetry. All his plays are freely available on the internet.<ref>
http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/</ref>

Shakespeare spent his early years in Stratford-upon-Avon, [[Warwickshire]] and is also known as "the Bard of Avon." Because of sharing the name "Stratford," the towns of Stratford, Ontario, in Canada and Stratford, Connecticut, have become the homes of Shakespeare festivals where his plays are performed on a regular basis.

Shakespeare did not become famous until late in his life and few details are known about his early life. He attended Stratford-Upon-Avon Grammar School, where he received a sound education in the Latin and Greek classics, reflected in many of his plays. The social class from which he came could be described as wealthy tradesment. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker who became mayor of Stratford-upon-Avon despite almost certainly being a Roman Catholic (in the early part of the reign of Elizabeth I, penalties against Catholics were light and often not imposed). His mother, Mary Arden, the daughter of a farmer, was certainly Catholic. William Shakepeare himself knew many of the Warwickshire Catholic gentry who later led the Gunpowder Plot to overthrow King James VI. Shakespeare himself did not adhere publicly to the Roman religion and it is not known if, like many Catholics, he practised it in private.<ref> ''In Search of Shakespeare", by Michael Wood. BBC Books, 2003.</ref> There are few pictures of him but his near-contemporary as a playwright, Ben Jonson, stated that the famous engraving by Martin Droeshout, shown on this page, was a good likeness.

The idea of an ill-educated (to his contemporaries) person coming among them and making a success was upsetting to the University-educated playwrights of the time. It is believed that the poet, Philip Green, was referring to Shakespeare when he wrote
{{cquote|There is an upstart crow beautified with our feathers
that, with his '''tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide'','
supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse
as the best of you; being an absolute Johannes Factotum,
in his conceit the only ''shake-scene'' in a country.}}
The 'tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide' is a reference to one of Shakespeare's plays, ''[[The Third Part of King Henry VI]]'',<ref> [[Great Books, Shakespeare: I]], Edited by Mortimer J. Adler, 1952. </ref> while 'shake-scene' is a pun or play on words on Shakespeare's name.

His plays seem to show so much education and erudition that many theories have arisen that those works must have been written by someone else, famous candidates being the [[Oxfordian|Earl of Oxford]] and Sir [[Francis Bacon]]. Most scholars reject these theories, but there are enough questions that new theories of Shakespearean authorship continue to arise.

A long-standing theatrical [[superstition]] holds that it is bad luck to refer to ''Macbeth'' directly by its name while inside a theatre, and accordingly, actors traditionally refer to it obliquely as "the Scottish play." It is considered acceptable to voice the play's name only while rehearsing or performing the production itself.

Because Shakespeare's plays are so familiar, there are innumerable references to them in English literature. Sometimes his stories are recast into a different form. The musical ''West Side Story'' is a retelling of ''Romeo and Juliet,'' and the classic science-fiction movie ''Forbidden Planet'' is a transformed version of ''The Tempest.''

The reverence in which Shakespeare is held, and the archaic language of his plays (from the same era as the King James translation of the Bible) should not obscure the fact that his plays were (and still are) fabulously successful.

He is also famous for his 154 [[sonnet]]s, short poems written in a very strict [[rhyme scheme]]. The sonnets fall into series or sequences. Most of them are usually read as expressions of romantic or platonic love; some appear to be written to a married woman known in the sonnets as the "Dark Lady," some to a young man known as the "Fair Lord."

Considering his major themes, Shakespeare is undoubtedly a conservative figure by today's standards. Major conservative themes in his works include the sacred nature of the familial structure in [[King Lear]], the recognition of God in his plays and personal life, the existence of necessary war in [[The Famous Life of Henry V]], and the exposed injustice of taxation in [[Coriolanus]]. Not surprisingly, modern [[liberal]] literary critics often ignore these themes because of their place on the modern political spectrum.

Shakespeare wrote in his will, "I commend my soul into the hands of God, my Creator, hoping and assuredly believing, through the only merits of Jesus Christ, my Saviour, to be made partaker of life everlasting."<ref>http://www.amerisearch.net/index.php?date=2004-04-23&view=View</ref>

His tomb in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, England, reads as follows:<ref>''Id.''</ref>
{{cquote|Good Friend For Jesus Sake Forbeare, To Digg The Dust Enclosed Heare. Blese Be Ye Man Spares Thes Stones, And Curst Be He Moves My Bones.}}

== List of Plays by Shakespeare[http://absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/bibliography/bibliography.htm] ==

=== Comedies ===
[[File:Shakespeare f. Reuters.jpg|right]]
*[[Two Gentlemen of Verona]] (1589)
*[[The Comedy of Errors]] (1589)
*[[The Taming of the Shrew]] (1593)
*[[Love's Labour's Lost]] (1594)
*[[A Midsummer-Night's Dream]] (1595)
*[[The Merchant of Venice]] (1596)
*[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]] (1597)
*[[Much Ado About Nothing]] (1598)
*[[As You Like It]] (1599)
*[[Twelfth Night]] (1601)
*[[All's Well That Ends Well]] (1602)
*[[Measure for Measure]] (1603)
*[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]] (1607)
*[[Cymbeline]] (1609)
*[[The Winter's Tale]] (1609)
*[[The Tempest]] (1610)
*[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]] (1611)

=== Histories ===
*[[The Life and Death of King John]] (1590)
*[[The First Part of King Henry VI]] (1590)
*[[The Second Part of King Henry VI]] (1592)
*[[The Third Part of King Henry VI]] (1593)
*[[The Tragedy of King Richard III]] (1593)
*[[The Tragedy of King Richard II]] (1595)
*[[The First Part of King Henry IV]] (1596)
*[[The Second Part of King Henry IV]] (1597)
*[[The Famous Life of King Henry V]] (1599)
*[[The Famous Life of King Henry VIII]] (1613)

=== Tragedies ===
*[[Titus Andronicus]] (1591)
*[[Romeo and Juliet]] (1594)
*[[Julius Caesar (Play)|Julius Caesar]] (1599)
*[[Troilus and Cressida]] (1600)
*[[Hamlet]] (1600)
*[[Othello]] (1603)
*[[Timon of Athens]] (1604)
*[[King Lear]] (1605)
*[[Macbeth]] (1606)
*[[Coriolanus]] (1608)
*[[Antony and Cleopatra]] (1608)

== Trivia ==
* "Shakespeare" was spelled many ways before English spelling was standardized. Some of the more unexpected forms are "Shaxper," "Shaxberd," and "Shaksper."<ref>http://shakespeareauthorship.com/name1.html</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Leo Tolstoy]]
*[[Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra]]

== External links ==

*[http://books.mirror.org/gb.shakespeare.html An Index to Online Great Books]

==References==
<references/>

-----

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shakespeare, William}}

[[Category:Playwrights|Shakespeare, William]]
[[category:poets|Shakespeare, William]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:British History]]
[[Category:Renaissance]]
[[Category:Theater]]

William Shakespeare

2010-09-05T18:34:44Z

BenjyB: Early life of WS

[[Image:Foliou.jpg|right|thumb|[[portraits|Portrait]] of William Shakespeare on the cover of the First Folio (1623), the first collected edition of his plays]]
'''William Shakespeare''' (1564-1616) is generally regarded as the greatest playwright--indeed, the greatest ''writer''--in the English language. Many of his plays are required reading in school curricula throughout the English-speaking world and beyond; those taught in schools often include ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', ''[[Macbeth]]'', ''[[A Midsummer-Night's Dream]]'' and ''[[Hamlet]]''.

Shakespeare wrote 17 comedies, 10 tragedies, 10 historical plays, 154 love [[sonnet]]s, and several other works of non-dramatic poetry. All his plays are freely available on the internet.<ref>
http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/</ref>

Shakespeare spent his early years in Stratford-upon-Avon, [[Warwickshire]] and is also known as "the Bard of Avon." Because of sharing the name "Stratford," the towns of Stratford, Ontario, in Canada and Stratford, Connecticut, have become the homes of Shakespeare festivals where his plays are performed on a regular basis.

Shakespeare did not become famous until late in his life and few details are known about his early life. He attended Stratford-Upon-Avon Grammar School, where he received a sound education in the Latin and Greek classics, reflected in many of his plays. The social class from which he came could be described as wealthy tradesment. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker who became mayor of Stratford-upon-Avon despite almost certainly being a Roman Catholic (in the early part of the reign of Elizabeth I, penalties against Catholics were light and often not imposed). His mother, Mary Arden, the daughter of a farmer, was certainly Catholic. William Shakepeare himself knew many of the Warwickshire Catholic gentry who later led the Gunpowder Plot to overthrow King James VI. Shakespeare himself did not adhere publicly to the Roman religion and it is not known if, like many Catholics, he practised it in private. There are few pictures of him but his near-contemporary as a playwright, Ben Jonson, stated that the famous engraving by Martin Droeshout, shown on this page, was a good likeness.

The idea of an ill-educated (to his contemporaries) person coming among them and making a success was upsetting to the University-educated playwrights of the time. It is believed that the poet, Philip Green, was referring to Shakespeare when he wrote
{{cquote|There is an upstart crow beautified with our feathers
that, with his '''tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide'','
supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse
as the best of you; being an absolute Johannes Factotum,
in his conceit the only ''shake-scene'' in a country.}}
The 'tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide' is a reference to one of Shakespeare's plays, ''[[The Third Part of King Henry VI]]'',<ref> [[Great Books, Shakespeare: I]], Edited by Mortimer J. Adler, 1952. </ref> while 'shake-scene' is a pun or play on words on Shakespeare's name.

His plays seem to show so much education and erudition that many theories have arisen that those works must have been written by someone else, famous candidates being the [[Oxfordian|Earl of Oxford]] and Sir [[Francis Bacon]]. Most scholars reject these theories, but there are enough questions that new theories of Shakespearean authorship continue to arise.

A long-standing theatrical [[superstition]] holds that it is bad luck to refer to ''Macbeth'' directly by its name while inside a theatre, and accordingly, actors traditionally refer to it obliquely as "the Scottish play." It is considered acceptable to voice the play's name only while rehearsing or performing the production itself.

Because Shakespeare's plays are so familiar, there are innumerable references to them in English literature. Sometimes his stories are recast into a different form. The musical ''West Side Story'' is a retelling of ''Romeo and Juliet,'' and the classic science-fiction movie ''Forbidden Planet'' is a transformed version of ''The Tempest.''

The reverence in which Shakespeare is held, and the archaic language of his plays (from the same era as the King James translation of the Bible) should not obscure the fact that his plays were (and still are) fabulously successful.

He is also famous for his 154 [[sonnet]]s, short poems written in a very strict [[rhyme scheme]]. The sonnets fall into series or sequences. Most of them are usually read as expressions of romantic or platonic love; some appear to be written to a married woman known in the sonnets as the "Dark Lady," some to a young man known as the "Fair Lord."

Considering his major themes, Shakespeare is undoubtedly a conservative figure by today's standards. Major conservative themes in his works include the sacred nature of the familial structure in [[King Lear]], the recognition of God in his plays and personal life, the existence of necessary war in [[The Famous Life of Henry V]], and the exposed injustice of taxation in [[Coriolanus]]. Not surprisingly, modern [[liberal]] literary critics often ignore these themes because of their place on the modern political spectrum.

Shakespeare wrote in his will, "I commend my soul into the hands of God, my Creator, hoping and assuredly believing, through the only merits of Jesus Christ, my Saviour, to be made partaker of life everlasting."<ref>http://www.amerisearch.net/index.php?date=2004-04-23&view=View</ref>

His tomb in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, England, reads as follows:<ref>''Id.''</ref>
{{cquote|Good Friend For Jesus Sake Forbeare, To Digg The Dust Enclosed Heare. Blese Be Ye Man Spares Thes Stones, And Curst Be He Moves My Bones.}}

== List of Plays by Shakespeare[http://absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/bibliography/bibliography.htm] ==

=== Comedies ===
[[File:Shakespeare f. Reuters.jpg|right]]
*[[Two Gentlemen of Verona]] (1589)
*[[The Comedy of Errors]] (1589)
*[[The Taming of the Shrew]] (1593)
*[[Love's Labour's Lost]] (1594)
*[[A Midsummer-Night's Dream]] (1595)
*[[The Merchant of Venice]] (1596)
*[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]] (1597)
*[[Much Ado About Nothing]] (1598)
*[[As You Like It]] (1599)
*[[Twelfth Night]] (1601)
*[[All's Well That Ends Well]] (1602)
*[[Measure for Measure]] (1603)
*[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]] (1607)
*[[Cymbeline]] (1609)
*[[The Winter's Tale]] (1609)
*[[The Tempest]] (1610)
*[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]] (1611)

=== Histories ===
*[[The Life and Death of King John]] (1590)
*[[The First Part of King Henry VI]] (1590)
*[[The Second Part of King Henry VI]] (1592)
*[[The Third Part of King Henry VI]] (1593)
*[[The Tragedy of King Richard III]] (1593)
*[[The Tragedy of King Richard II]] (1595)
*[[The First Part of King Henry IV]] (1596)
*[[The Second Part of King Henry IV]] (1597)
*[[The Famous Life of King Henry V]] (1599)
*[[The Famous Life of King Henry VIII]] (1613)

=== Tragedies ===
*[[Titus Andronicus]] (1591)
*[[Romeo and Juliet]] (1594)
*[[Julius Caesar (Play)|Julius Caesar]] (1599)
*[[Troilus and Cressida]] (1600)
*[[Hamlet]] (1600)
*[[Othello]] (1603)
*[[Timon of Athens]] (1604)
*[[King Lear]] (1605)
*[[Macbeth]] (1606)
*[[Coriolanus]] (1608)
*[[Antony and Cleopatra]] (1608)

== Trivia ==
* "Shakespeare" was spelled many ways before English spelling was standardized. Some of the more unexpected forms are "Shaxper," "Shaxberd," and "Shaksper."<ref>http://shakespeareauthorship.com/name1.html</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Leo Tolstoy]]
*[[Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra]]

== External links ==

*[http://books.mirror.org/gb.shakespeare.html An Index to Online Great Books]

==References==
<references/>

-----

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shakespeare, William}}

[[Category:Playwrights|Shakespeare, William]]
[[category:poets|Shakespeare, William]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:British History]]
[[Category:Renaissance]]
[[Category:Theater]]

Ground Zero Mosque

2010-08-24T23:29:21Z

BenjyB: Balance in 1st paragraph

[[File:Ground Zero Mosque1.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Proposed location of the Ground Zero Mosque (red target) on Park Place, lower Manhattan, New York City. A completed, multi-story mosque would have it facing in the direction of the site of the World Trade Center just two blocks south, where nearly three thousand died in the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] by Islamic fanatics.]]
The '''"Ground Zero Mosque"''' (officially '''Park51''' and formerly the '''Cordoba House''') is a proposed [[Muslim]] [[Mosque|mosque]] under construction two blocks away from the former [[World Trade Center]], which [[Muslim]] extremist [[terrorist]]s destroyed on [[9/11]], killing almost 3,000 people.<ref name="dailymail1">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1303463/Obama-backtracks-Ground-Zero-mosque.html Obama backtracks on Ground Zero Mosque]</ref> The plans are a collaboration between the [[Cordoba Initiative]] and the [[American Society for Muslim Advancement]] (ASMA), a Muslim organization created in 1997<ref> [http://www.asmasociety.org/home/ ASMA]</ref> to promote "integration and tolerance based on Islamic values of compassion."<ref name="aol">[http://www.aolnews.com/article/ground-zero-mosque-rebuttal-the-9-11-christian-center/19556400 Ground Zero Mosque Rebuttal]</ref> The vast majority of Americans oppose the plan as "insensitive" to the families of the 9/11 victims.<ref name="aol"></ref> The backers of the Park51 mosque have no connection with al-Qaeda terrorists.

==Reaction of 9/11 Families==
Several organizations that represent families of the victims of the 9/11 attacks have criticized the plan as "insensitive and uncaring" to those families and stated that the construction of a mosque so close to the site of the worst terrorist attack in American history is "deliberately provocative act that will precipitate more bloodshed in the name of [[Allah]]."



==Public Criticism==
[[Sarah Palin]] stated that "to build a mosque at Ground Zero is a stab in the heart of the families of the innocent victims of those horrific attacks."<ref name="post">[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/17/AR2010081705860.html?hpid=topnews Washington Post]</ref><ref>[http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=411073718434 An Intolerable Mistake on Hallowed Ground]</ref> Former [[Speaker of the House of Representatives]] [[Newt Gingrich]] compared the mosque's construction to placing a [[swastika]] next to the [[Holocaust]] Museum in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="post"></ref> Bill Keller, a born-again [[Christian]] and preacher, has stated that because the mosque is a "a spit in the face of the people of [[New York City|New York]]," he plans to build a $1 million Christian center near the World Trade Center as well.<ref name="aol"></ref>

[[Dick Morris]] summed up the heart of the matter quite succinctly:
{{cquote|'''The proposed mosque near to ground zero is not really a religious institution. It would be — as many mosques throughout the nation are — a terrorist recruitment, indoctrination and training center. ''It is not the worship of [[Islam]] that is the problem.'' It is the efforts to advance [[Sharia Law]] with its requirement of [[Jihad]] and violence that is the nub of the issue. <ref>[http://www.dickmorris.com/blog/ground-zero-mosque-the-real-issue/ Dick Morris; GROUND ZERO MOSQUE: THE REAL ISSUE</ref>}}

==Obama's Support==
Despite overwhelming public opposition to the mosque's construction, President Obama, at a White House dinner held to mark the start of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, stated that Muslims have
"the right to build a place of worship and a community center" near the site of the attacks. Through his comments, Obama, purposefully or not, aligned himself with Islamic terrorist associations like Hamas, which continually argue that Muslims "have to build everywhere"<ref name="dailymail1"></ref> in an attempt to draw more converts.

Faced with an intense popular backlash, Obama backtracked from his comments the next day and stated that "I was not commenting and I will not comment on the wisdom of making a decision to put a mosque there."<ref name="dailymail1"></ref> The White House, however, steadfastly maintains that he was not backing away from his comments, but rather clarifying them.

Obama said:
#"I was not commenting and I will not comment on the wisdom of making a decision to put a mosque there. I was commenting very specifically on the right that people have that dates back to our founding."
#"my intention was simply to let people know what I thought. Which was that in this country we treat everybody equally and in accordance with the law, regardless of race, regardless of religion." [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100814/ap_on_go_pr_wh/us_ground_zero_mosque_obama]

=="Declaration of Victory"==
Many critics of the mosque's planned construction worry that the placement of a mosque so close to the site of an Islamic terrorist attack is tantamount to allowing a declaration of victory by al-Qaeda, Hamas, and other terrorist organizations that supported the 9/11 attacks. This became more and more evident when government of New York City offered the Islamic group the option to build elsewhere in the city, at reduced cost, which the group quickly refused.<ref name="foxnews">[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/08/11/ny-governor-offer-state-property-mosque-built-farther-away-ground-zero/ Offer Rejected to Move Mosque Away From Ground Zero]</ref> Dr. Gamal Abd Al-Gawad, director of Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies in Cairo, Egypt, stated that the mosque's presence and location would "remind Americans of what Muslims did on 9/11" and that "it's not good for Muslims and Islam to be in the heart of such a controversy."<ref name="hnn">[http://hnn.us/blogs/entries/130299.html History News Network]</ref>

==Faulty Comparison and Appeal to Judaism==
Some supporters of the mosque, including the AMSA itself, have compared the plans for the mosque to plans by Jewish groups to construct a center (albeit one much smaller) within a few miles of the former World Trade Center. By comparing themselves to the Jewish people of New York and the world, the AMSA is hoping to draw similarities between themselves and Israel, a staunch American ally. This comparison, however, ignores the fact that neither Israel nor any Jewish group has committed an attack against Americans, either on American soil or abroad. This comparison has also drawn criticism from watchdog organizations like Jihadwatch.org, which faulted the comparison because
<blockquote>'''Radical Jews have never bombed the West side of Manhattan nor killed 3000 Americans in the name of Judaism''' (their emphasis).<ref name="jihadwatch">[http://www.jihadwatch.org/2010/08/islamic-supremacist-mega-mosque-like-skokie-nazi-march-legal-but-hurtful.html Islamic Supremacist Mosque]</ref></blockquote>

Other supporters compared the Muslim plans to construct a mosque to the demand by the [[Nazi Party|National Socialist Party of America]] (NSPA) to march through the village of Skokie, Illinois (home to many [[Holocaust]] survivors), in 1977. Despite the controversial nature of the march and overwhelming public opposition to it, the Supreme Court agreed with the ACLU's defense of the NSPA that their actions were covered by the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech. These supporters, however, fail to note several key differences between these two situations:<ref name="jihadwatch"></ref>
*The NSPA's planned march was nothing more than a "disgusting publicity stunt" and a ''temporary'' action (a small group march for the city's center). This stands in sharp contrast to the ''construction'' of a mosque, a far more permanent and imposing structure.
*Although the First Amendment does protect many examples of free speech, the Supreme Court decided in ''Roth v United States'' that standards could be applied to obscenity or otherwise ruthlessly inflammatory speech. Some could argue, as many of the 9/11 families have done, that the construction of a mosque near the former World Trade Center would constitute exactly this type of "speech."

==Viewpoints of Islamic leaders==

Sarah Palin's Facebook page attributes to Imam [[Faisal Abdul Rauf]] the following quote:
* "United States’ policies were an accessory to the crime that happened."<ref> [http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=411073718434 Sarah Palin's Facebook Page]</ref>

Faisal's website says that he was misquoted:
* The ‘60 Minutes’ piece was completely incorrect as the statement was edited out of context. In the full interview, Imam Feisal describes the mistake the CIA made in the 1980s by financing Osama Bin Laden and strengthening the Taliban. This view is widely shared within the US and the US Government today, and Imam Feisal underlines the importance of not supporting “friends of convenience” who may in the future become our enemies. This is common sense. [http://www.cordobainitiative.org/?q=content/frequently-asked-questions Cordoba Initiative] - Frequently Asked Questions

==Statements by other religious leaders==

Bruce Grodner, bishop of the New York district of the [[Unification Church]], suggests addressing the issue with an [[interreligious]] perspective.

==References==
<references />

Conservative Party (UK)

2010-08-11T21:22:10Z

BenjyB: /* The Conservative Party in recent years */ Update

[[Image:Conservatives.png|right|thumb|300px|The Conservative Party logo]]
The '''Conservative Party''' is the largest right-wing party in the [[United Kingdom]], and is one of that country's three major political parties. Its full official name is the ''Conservative and Unionist Party'', and it is commonly referred to as the ''Tory Party'' after its historical predecessor. Its current leader is [[David Cameron]]. Its current policies are much nearer the centre than those of the [[America|American]] [[Republican]] Party, or even the [[Democratic]] Party.

==British conservatism==

British conservatism has its own distinctive tradition, separate both from that of continental European conservatism and from that of American conservatism. Traditional British conservatism is rooted in pragmatism, practicality and concrete experience: this reflects a broader historical preference in British culture for the practical over the theoretical and for the concrete over the abstract. In continental Europe, many conservatives in past times, such as the Frenchman [[Joseph de Maistre]], were strongly ideological and defended causes such as absolute monarchy and Roman Catholicism. By contrast, the heroes of British conservatism (such as Sir [[Edmund Burke]] in the eighteenth century, Sir [[Robert Peel]] and [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in the nineteenth, and Sir [[Winston Churchill]] in the twentieth) were moderate, pragmatic and non-ideological. While a more ideological strand of conservatism was in the ascendant during the leadership of [[Margaret Thatcher|Lady Thatcher]] (1975-1990), the older, pragmatic trend has reasserted itself in more recent years.

==The Conservative Party in recent years==

The modern British Conservative Party ran the United Kingdom for nearly 20 years, beginning with Margaret Thatcher's victory for the Party in 1979. She came into office facing a British economy that had been crippled by industrial disputes, strikes, high unemployment, and collapsing public services, especially during the so-called 'Winter of Discontent' of 1978-9. Mrs. Thatcher turned that around, broke the iron grip of the trade unions, and restored the British economy to a free enterprise system that has continued to this day. She was succeeded by John Major in 1990, and, to the surprise of the media, Major won the general election in 1992 and extended the Conservative Party's power until 1997.

By 1997 the Labour Party had finally embraced the more conservative direction for the country and abandoned many of its socialist economic policies of the past. Economic difficulties, including a dispute over whether the UK should join the currency of the European Union, hurt the Conservative Party further. This was coupled with a perception that the party had become corrupt, with a number of high-profile members of the party being involved in financial and sexual scandals. The Labour Party won in a landslide in 1997 and held power until 2010.

Major was soon after replaced by [[William Hague]], whose election as party leader was seen as an affirmation that the party wanted to continue with its Thatcherite policies. Hague was the victim of smears and attacks by a media which became Labour-biased to an extent never before seen in British history, and any attempt he made to state his policies or attack the government was routinely ignored (the UK has media regulations similar to the [[Fairness Doctrine]], but does not regulate what the media are supposed to report, only how much time they allocate to each party). The 2001 election went little better than the previous for the Conservatives, for which Hague accepted responsibility and stepped down as leader. [[Iain Duncan Smith]] replaced Hague, seemingly getting elected for no reason other than the fact that he was endorsed by Thatcher, and made no real impact as party leader. After passing up chances to attack the government for their role in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] (which had far less support in the UK than it did in the US), the party decided that enough was enough and Duncan Smith was removed as leader in late 2003. [[Michael Howard]] was seen by many as the only possible man to take the Conservatives forward, and was elected as the new party leader without opposition. A far more adept period of leadership saw a recovery at the 2005 election, halving Labour's majority in the House of Commons. A few weeks later, Howard announced that while the recovery of the Conservative Party had begun, he had done all he could as party leader, and so would step down once a successor had been elected.

==The modern Party==

Since the early 2000s, the Conservative Party leaders have softened its conservative stance on social and fiscal issues, and this has increased its popularity with the voters. Particularly since David Cameron - a self-declared "liberal conservative" (which in British English means "moderate conservative") - became leader of the Conservative Party, their support in the country has risen dramatically, however this is also due to the media-perpetuated anti-war feeling within the United Kingdom following [[Tony Blair]]'s era, coupled with the unpopularity of [[Gordon Brown]]'s government<ref>http://politics.guardian.co.uk/speeches/story/0,,1869970,00.html</ref> and recent polls. <ref>http://www.icmresearch.co.uk/reviews/2007/Guardian%20-%20Jan/guardian-jan-2007.asp</ref> <ref> http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labour/story/0,,2016791,00.html </ref>

Cameron can be seen as a more moderate conservative than many previous leaders. His party policies have gravitated towards a more "green" outlook as the concern about [[global warming]] has grown within the UK. He has also praised Britain's socialized healthcare system, the [[National Health Service|NHS]]; but has also considered privatisation of sections of the service in an attempt to decrease the deficit at which it currently operates. The party has also continued to support some traditional elements of Conservative policy, such as support for the family.

David Cameron has established his own website. [http://www.webcameron.org.uk/]

==See also==

* [[British politics]]
* [[British conservatives]]
* [[David Cameron]]
* [[Margaret Thatcher]]
* [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party of New York State (CPNYS)]]
* [[American Conservative Party|American Conservative Party (ACP)]]

==External Links==

* [http://www.conservatives.com/ Conservative Party Official Website]
* [http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Manifesto.aspx Conservative Party Manefesto for the 2010 General Election]

==References==

<references/>

[[category:British Political Parties]]
[[Category:British History]]

Conservative Party (UK)

2010-08-11T21:21:06Z

BenjyB: /* See also */

[[Image:Conservatives.png|right|thumb|300px|The Conservative Party logo]]
The '''Conservative Party''' is the largest right-wing party in the [[United Kingdom]], and is one of that country's three major political parties. Its full official name is the ''Conservative and Unionist Party'', and it is commonly referred to as the ''Tory Party'' after its historical predecessor. Its current leader is [[David Cameron]]. Its current policies are much nearer the centre than those of the [[America|American]] [[Republican]] Party, or even the [[Democratic]] Party.

==British conservatism==

British conservatism has its own distinctive tradition, separate both from that of continental European conservatism and from that of American conservatism. Traditional British conservatism is rooted in pragmatism, practicality and concrete experience: this reflects a broader historical preference in British culture for the practical over the theoretical and for the concrete over the abstract. In continental Europe, many conservatives in past times, such as the Frenchman [[Joseph de Maistre]], were strongly ideological and defended causes such as absolute monarchy and Roman Catholicism. By contrast, the heroes of British conservatism (such as Sir [[Edmund Burke]] in the eighteenth century, Sir [[Robert Peel]] and [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in the nineteenth, and Sir [[Winston Churchill]] in the twentieth) were moderate, pragmatic and non-ideological. While a more ideological strand of conservatism was in the ascendant during the leadership of [[Margaret Thatcher|Lady Thatcher]] (1975-1990), the older, pragmatic trend has reasserted itself in more recent years.

==The Conservative Party in recent years==

The modern British Conservative Party ran the United Kingdom for nearly 20 years, beginning with Margaret Thatcher's victory for the Party in 1979. She came into office facing a British economy that had been crippled by industrial disputes, strikes, high unemployment, and collapsing public services, especially during the so-called 'Winter of Discontent' of 1978-9. Mrs. Thatcher turned that around, broke the iron grip of the trade unions, and restored the British economy to a free enterprise system that has continued to this day. She was succeeded by John Major in 1990, and, to the surprise of the media, Major won the general election in 1992 and extended the Conservative Party's power until 1997.

By 1997 the Labour Party had finally embraced the more conservative direction for the country and abandoned many of its socialist economic policies of the past. Economic difficulties, including a dispute over whether the UK should join the currency of the European Union, hurt the Conservative Party further. This was coupled with a perception that the party had become corrupt, with a number of high-profile members of the party being involved in financial and sexual scandals. The Labour Party won in a landslide in 1997 and has held power ever since.

Major was soon after replaced by [[William Hague]], whose election as party leader was seen as an affirmation that the party wanted to continue with its Thatcherite policies. Hague was the victim of smears and attacks by a media which became Labour-biased to an extent never before seen in British history, and any attempt he made to state his policies or attack the government was routinely ignored (the UK has media regulations similar to the [[Fairness Doctrine]], but does not regulate what the media are supposed to report, only how much time they allocate to each party). The 2001 election went little better than the previous for the Conservatives, for which Hague accepted responsibility and stepped down as leader. [[Iain Duncan Smith]] replaced Hague, seemingly getting elected for no reason other than the fact that he was endorsed by Thatcher, and made no real impact as party leader. After passing up chances to attack the government for their role in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] (which had far less support in the UK than it did in the US), the party decided that enough was enough and Duncan Smith was removed as leader in late 2003. [[Michael Howard]] was seen by many as the only possible man to take the Conservatives forward, and was elected as the new party leader without opposition. A far more adept period of leadership saw a recovery at the 2005 election, halving Labour's majority in the House of Commons. A few weeks later, Howard announced that while the recovery of the Conservative Party had begun, he had done all he could as party leader, and so would step down once a successor had been elected.

==The modern Party==

Since the early 2000s, the Conservative Party leaders have softened its conservative stance on social and fiscal issues, and this has increased its popularity with the voters. Particularly since David Cameron - a self-declared "liberal conservative" (which in British English means "moderate conservative") - became leader of the Conservative Party, their support in the country has risen dramatically, however this is also due to the media-perpetuated anti-war feeling within the United Kingdom following [[Tony Blair]]'s era, coupled with the unpopularity of [[Gordon Brown]]'s government<ref>http://politics.guardian.co.uk/speeches/story/0,,1869970,00.html</ref> and recent polls. <ref>http://www.icmresearch.co.uk/reviews/2007/Guardian%20-%20Jan/guardian-jan-2007.asp</ref> <ref> http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labour/story/0,,2016791,00.html </ref>

Cameron can be seen as a more moderate conservative than many previous leaders. His party policies have gravitated towards a more "green" outlook as the concern about [[global warming]] has grown within the UK. He has also praised Britain's socialized healthcare system, the [[National Health Service|NHS]]; but has also considered privatisation of sections of the service in an attempt to decrease the deficit at which it currently operates. The party has also continued to support some traditional elements of Conservative policy, such as support for the family.

David Cameron has established his own website. [http://www.webcameron.org.uk/]

==See also==

* [[British politics]]
* [[British conservatives]]
* [[David Cameron]]
* [[Margaret Thatcher]]
* [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party of New York State (CPNYS)]]
* [[American Conservative Party|American Conservative Party (ACP)]]

==External Links==

* [http://www.conservatives.com/ Conservative Party Official Website]
* [http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Manifesto.aspx Conservative Party Manefesto for the 2010 General Election]

==References==

<references/>

[[category:British Political Parties]]
[[Category:British History]]

British conservatives

2010-08-11T21:20:29Z

BenjyB: Making a start!

Great Britain has contributed much to conservative principles and philosophy. These are some of the most important British conservatives, in the sense that readers of Conservapedia would understand as conservative. Note that the British [[Conservative Party]] is only moderately conservative, with a similar political viewpoint to that of [[RINO]]s in the USA.

* [[Edmund Burke]] (1729 - 1797)
* [[Adam Smith]] (1723 - 1790)
* [[Robert Peel]] (1788 - 1850)
* [[Benjamin Disraeli]] (1804 - 1881)
* [[Enoch Powell]] (1912 - 1998)
* [[Keith Joseph]] (1918 - 1994)
* [[Margaret Thatcher]] (1925 - )

Talk:Anglophile

2010-08-09T21:10:06Z

BenjyB: /* NHS */ new section

KyleDD, like I said on [http://www.conservapedia.com/Talk:Essay:Best_New_Conservative_Words#Decrypt another page], I don't go in for messing around. So I'm not going to write an extensive justification of why I think the UK is a great country. Rule of law, freedom of speech, racial tolerance, standing up to the Nazis, standing up with the USA - those are all conservative virtues/actions. Think about it, then revert your own edits. I'm not going to be dragged into wasting time on lengthy Talk Page stuff. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:31, 6 August 2010 (EDT)
:His edits reverted. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 18:32, 6 August 2010 (EDT)
::Seriously? BenjyB's edits are a whitewash. Anglophilia deals with excessive British pride and undue appreciation of all things British. [[User:KyleDD|KyleDD]] 18:34, 6 August 2010 (EDT)
:::"great admiration for England and things English" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Anglophilia] One could say the same thing for "Ameriphilia" (love for American things); "Winophilia" (love for wines); "Harpoonophilia" (love for whaling); "Caponaphilia" (love for holiday massacres). What you are doing KyleDD is stamping down Anglophilia with a lot of the liberalism rampant in the UK. That by and of itself could be a separate article. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 18:40, 6 August 2010 (EDT)
::::Thanks, Karajou. Yes, there's a big difference between appreciating the good things about the UK and being a liberal. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 18:53, 6 August 2010 (EDT)
:::::I hear you. Thanks for the explanation. [[User:KyleDD|KyleDD]] 19:14, 6 August 2010 (EDT)

== Slave trade ==

Sorry, ain't true. It was abolished [http://www.pdavis.nl/Legis_07.htm 1833]. With all due respect, Andy, I'm removing it. [[User:JDWpianist|JDWpianist]] 10:23, 7 August 2010 (EDT)
:Actually, the slave ''trade'' was abolished earlier, [http://www.pdavis.nl/Legis_07.htm in 1807], and slavery was completely abolished in 1833 (see link above). Both of these are earlier than in the USA. [[User:JDWpianist|JDWpianist]] 10:27, 7 August 2010 (EDT)

::You're right. Thanks for the correction. We have open minds here and welcome corrections such as yours.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:08, 7 August 2010 (EDT)

== NHS ==

Andy, Efficiency isn't the point at issue with the National Health Service. Not even the most patriotic Brit would claim the NHS is particularly efficient. What they value is its scope: everyone has access to health care at the point of need. I'm not going to change what you wrote because you get so defensive when anyone makes alterations to your writing. But you might want to reflect and choose a more appropriate phrase. [[User:BenjyB|BenjyB]] 17:10, 9 August 2010 (EDT)

Talk:Anglophile

2010-08-06T22:53:10Z

BenjyB: Thanks