The '''U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit''' is the intermediate federal appellate court having jurisdiction over [[Maryland]],[[Virginia]], [[West Virginia]] and [[North Carolina|North]] and [[South Carolina]]. It handles appeals from the Eastern District of Virginia, the venue preferred by federal prosecutors in many cases, including terrorism cases.

The Fourth Circuit was traditionally the most conservative federal appellate court in the [[United States]]. It upheld the right of the [[Virginia Military Institute]] to refuse admission to women in ''United States v. Virginia'', 44 F.3d 1229 (1995), a case subsequently overturned by the Supreme Court. In ''FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Co.'', 153 F.3d 155 (1998), which the Supreme Court upheld, it ruled that the Food and Drug Administration had no authority to regulate tobacco. The court also ruled that confessions are admissible even when a defendant has not been read his ''[[Miranda v. Arizona|Miranda]]'' rights (''United States v. Dickerson'', 166 F.3d 667 (1999)).

However, the court turned left after [[Barack Hussein Obama|President Obama]] appointed six judges to its bench in his first term.<ref> Frank Green, "[http://www.timesdispatch.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/th-circuit-shedding-conservative-reputation/article_bc5d4a00-3208-11e2-a877-0019bb30f31a.html 4th Circuit shedding conservative reputation]" ''Richmond Times Dispatch'', November 19,2012, retrieved 07-12-2013.</ref> For example, in 2012 it allowed civil lawsuits against private contractors working at [[Abu Ghraib]] prison in Iraq to proceed (''al-Shimari v. CACI International'', 679 F.3d 205, ''en banc'', overruling two 2011 decisions by a three-judge panel: 658 F.3d 413 and ''Al-Quraishi v. L-3 Servs., Inc.'', 657 F.3d 201).

== References ==

<references/>

==External Links==
*[http://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/ Official website]

[[category:Law]]
[[Category:Circuit Courts]]

2013-07-10T03:45:52Z

Bearsfan99:

Saipan is an island in the [[Pacific Ocean]], north of [[Guam]]. Saipan came into U.S. possession upon defeat of the Japanese at the [[Battle of Saipan]] in 1944. The waters off Saipan were the site of one of the biggest naval battles of [[World War II]], the [[Battle of the Philippine Sea]]. After the island was secured, it served as a [[B-29 Superfortress|B-29]] base through the end of the war. It is currently the capital of the Commonwealth of the [[Northern Mariana Islands]].

As a [[U.S. territory]], goods manufactured on Saipan can carry a "Made in the U.S.A." tag. However, Saipan is not subject to many U.S. [[law]]s on [[minimum wage]] and worker conditions<ref>http://akaka.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=speeches.home&month=3&year=1998&release_id=1298</ref>. As a result, Saipan produces low-cost, yet American-made, products.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External Links==
*[http://www.saipantribune.com/ The Saipan Tribune]

[[Category:United States Territories]]
[[Category:Islands]]

2013-07-10T02:40:21Z

Bearsfan99: Created page with "The '''Northern Mariana Islands''' compose a commonwealth in union with the United States. They are located in the western Pacific Ocean, and the capital of the commonwealth..."

The '''Northern Mariana Islands''' compose a commonwealth in union with the United States. They are located in the western [[Pacific Ocean]], and the capital of the commonwealth is [[Saipan]].
[[Category:United States Territories]]
[[Category:Islands]]

U.S. district courts

2013-07-10T02:19:45Z

Bearsfan99: Created page with "'''U.S. district courts''' are federal trial courts in the fifty United States, the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. [[Category:U..."

'''U.S. district courts''' are federal trial courts in the fifty [[United States]], the [[District of Columbia]] and the [[Puerto Rico|Commonwealth of Puerto Rico]].
[[Category:United States Law]]