Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

John III Sobieski

2014-01-07T15:11:12Z

BRichtigen: change wikilink

John III Sobieski, (Polish: Jan III Sobieski) (1629 - 1696) is probably the most famous monarch of the [[Lithuania#Medieval|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]], which he reigned from 1674 until his death as a King of [[Poland]] and a Grand Duke of [[Lithuania]]. He lead the relief of [[Vienna]], and there, defeated the Turks in the [[Battle of Vienna]] in 1683.

[[Category:Monarchs]]

Ownership

2008-12-27T16:18:37Z

BRichtigen: stub & source - "O" done

{{stub}}

'''Ownership''' is the separation - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"of [[federal]] and nonfederal lands and the distinction between administrative units of land. Water areas are not classified according to ownership. The six categories of ownership are:''
#''Private. A type of ownership pertaining to land belonging to an individual person or persons, a partnership, or a corporation (all of which are persons in the legal sense), as opposed to the public or the government; private property.
#''Municipal. A type of ownership pertaining to land belonging to the local government of a town or city.
#''County or parish. A type of ownership pertaining to land belonging to an administrative subdivision of a state in the United States, which is identified as a county or an equivalent administrative unit in areas where counties do not exist; examples are parishes in Louisiana and boroughs in Alaska.
#''State. A type of ownership pertaining to land belonging to one of the states, commonwealths, or territories of the United States of America.
#''Federal land. A land ownership category designating land that is owned by the federal government. It does not include, for example, trust lands administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs or Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) land. No data are collected for any year that land is in this ownership.
#''Indian tribal and individual Indian trust lands. A type of ownership of land administered by officially constituted Indian tribal or individual Indian trust entities. "<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Other rural land

2008-12-27T16:18:29Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Other rural land''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a [[land]] cover/use category that includes farmsteads and other farm structures, field windbreaks, barren land, and marshland."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Other aquatic habitats

2008-12-27T16:18:21Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Other aquatic habitats''' include - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"[[wetlands]] and deepwater habitats occurring in the Riverine, Lacustrine, or Marine Systems, and deepwater habitats occurring in the Estuarine System as defined by Cowardin et al. 1979 (see [[wetland]]s)."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Open canopy tall woody plants

2008-12-27T16:18:17Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Open canopy tall woody plants''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a [[general cover]] category consisting of tall woody canopy cover of 5 to 25 percent and short woody canopy cover of less than 25 percent. The distinction between tall (> 4 meters) and short (< 4 meters) woody plants is made for current conditions, not potential. Arid rangeland and desert can fall into this category although vegetation density and percentage of ground cover may be low."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Open canopy short woody plants

2008-12-27T16:17:33Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Open canopy short woody plants''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a [[general cover]] category consisting of short woody canopy cover of 5 to 25 percent and tall woody canopy cover of less than 5 percent. The distinction between short (< 4 meters) and tall (> 4 meters) woody plants is made for current conditions, not potential. Arid rangeland and desert can fall into this category although vegetation density and percentage of ground cover may be low."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2008-12-27T13:57:56Z

BRichtigen: /* Later Achievments*/

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

==Later Achievments==
* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion: deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]] age 32
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

So, most of the persons in the list made contributions to their field works overshadowing there achievements as teenagers.

[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:57, 27 December 2008 (EST)

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2008-12-27T13:54:14Z

BRichtigen:

Teenagers throughout history have have had many great achievements in the fields of art, culture, science and technology. This may be because they are able to think in new and innovative ways, or their thinking is not hidebound by discredited nostrums; it may be attributable to great teachers and great schooling - including homeschooling. It may simply be the emergence of God-given talent at an early age.

==Achievements, listed by age at which they were made==

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin gives his first solo violin performance with the San Francisco Symphony in 1923
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] paints his "Picador"
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] plays his first public piano performance, having already authored two polonaises (G minor and B flat major) at age 7.
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] had secretly worked out the first twenty-three propositions of Euclid by himself.
* '''13''' - [[John]] wrote the first draft of the [[Gospel of John]], the greatest written work of all time.<ref>[[Mystery:Was John a Child?]]</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] became an International Grandmaster
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]] wrote the opera, "Mitridate Rè di Ponto"
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 32 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

(add more, sorted by age and then alphabetically)

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Achievement]]

==External Links==
*[http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-child-prodigies/ Top 10 Child Prodigies]

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2008-12-27T13:53:47Z

BRichtigen:

==Clarification==
Nearly all of those who accomplished great deeds while being teenagers made even greater contributions when they became adults. Especially, this list can't be used to bolster up the claim that ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers''
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:49, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Heavenly voices ==

Is hearing heavenly voices an acheivement? Is was it leading France to victory that was the acheivement? It rather reads as if the hearing of voices was the acheivement. --[[User:TCochrane|TCochrane]] 18:26, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Reversion ==

Obviously if someone produced a work ''before'' becoming a teenager it proves the same point; hence the reversion.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 21:34, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:Then how about renaming the page to keep it accurate? "Great Achievements by Minors", maybe? [[User:DRussell|DRussell]] 21:40, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Karl Benz ==

I removed [[Karl Benz]]: Though he was a child prodigy, at the given age ('''15'''), he ''"only"'' passed the entrance exam of the University of [[Karlsruhe]]. His genius really flourished in his late thirties. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 07:10, 27 December 2008 (EST)

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin: made his last recording age 82
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] Cubism: age 30
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] Piano Concert No. 1: age 20
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] "Traité du triangle arithmétique": age 30
* '''13''' - [[John]] stays a mistery
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] World Chess Champion: age 29
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]]"Don Giovanni": age 32
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 32 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2008-12-27T12:10:11Z

BRichtigen: /* Karl Benz */ new section

Great Achievements by Teenagers

2008-12-27T12:05:31Z

BRichtigen: /* Achievements, listed by age at which they were made */ removed Karl Benz (talk page)

Teenagers throughout history have have had many great achievements in the fields of art, culture, science and technology. This may be because they are able to think in new and innovative ways, or their thinking is not hidebound by discredited nostrums; it may be attributable to great teachers and great schooling - including homeschooling. It may simply be the emergence of God-given talent at an early age.

==Achievements, listed by age at which they were made==

* '''7''' - Yehudi Menuhin gives his first solo violin performance with the San Francisco Symphony in 1923
* '''8''' - [[Pablo Picasso]] paints his "Picador"
* '''8''' - [[Frederic Chopin]] plays his first public piano performance, having already authored two polonaises (G minor and B flat major) at age 7.
* '''12''' - [[Blaise Pascal]] had secretly worked out the first twenty-three propositions of Euclid by himself.
* '''13''' - [[John]] wrote the first draft of the [[Gospel of John]], the greatest written work of all time.<ref>[[Mystery:Was John a Child?]]</ref>
* '''13''' - [[Joan of Arc]] inspired and led [[France]] to victory in the [[Hundred Years War]]
* '''13''' - [[Anne Frank]] began writing her diary, later published as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl"
* '''14''' - chess-player [[Bobby Fischer]] became an International Grandmaster
* '''14''' - [[Mozart]] wrote the opera, "Mitridate Rè di Ponto"
* '''15''' - [[Louis Braille]] invented the [[Braille]] system
* '''15''' - [[Christopher Paolini]] writes the first draft of his [[Eragon]] trilogy which is published when he is 19.
* '''16''' - Jean-François Champollion, can speak a dozen languages and delivers a paper on the Coptic language to the Grenoble Academy. By 20, he can speak another 13 languages and at 22 he deciphers the [[Rosetta Stone]].
* '''18''' - [[Mary Shelley]] writes Frankenstein (The Modern Prometheus) - it is only published when she is 21, however.
* '''20''' - Carl Friedrich Gauss makes his first mathematical discoveries, which will lead to the completion of "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae", his magnum opus, at the age of 21.

(add more, sorted by age and then alphabetically)

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Achievement]]

==External Links==
*[http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-child-prodigies/ Top 10 Child Prodigies]

Mud flat

2008-12-26T23:28:42Z

BRichtigen: stub & source - "M" done

{{stub}}

A '''mud flat''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a [[land]] cover/use subcategory under Barren land. A mud area with less than 5 percent vegetative cover. "<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Minor land cover/uses

2008-12-26T23:28:31Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Minor land cover/uses''' (see [[other rural land]]). According to the [[USDA]] terminology ''" a miscellaneous group of land cover/uses that is sometimes used in NRI tables and reports but not in data collection."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Mines, quarries, and pits

2008-12-26T23:28:22Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Mines, quarries, and pits''' are - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"uses of [[land]] for extraction of ores, minerals, and rock materials; a subcategory of the Land cover/use category Barren land. "<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Marshland

2008-12-26T23:28:18Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Marshland''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a subcategory of the [[land]] cover/use category [[Other rural land]], described as a nonforested area of land partly or intermittently covered with water and usually characterized by the presence of such monocotyledons as sedges and rushes. These areas are usually in a wetland class and are not placed in another NRI land cover/use category, such as rangeland or pastureland."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Marine System

2008-12-26T23:28:09Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

A '''marine system''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"the open [[ocean]] overlying the continental shelf and its associated high energy coastline. [[Marine]] habitats are exposed to the waves and currents of the open ocean and the water regimes are determined primarily by the ebb and flow of oceanic tides."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Talk:Great Achievements by Teenagers

2008-12-26T21:49:29Z

BRichtigen: /* Clarification */

Talk:Bible Retranslation Project

2008-12-26T20:58:05Z

BRichtigen: /* Alternative Procedure */ Question

==Word==
I admit that I am not as great a linguist, translator and biblical scholar as Andy is, so pardon my question, but when did "word" ''not'' mean "a short expression of a single concept, which can include a vulgarity or a falsehood"? From what I see, the issue at hand seems to be rather how you actually translate "Logos" (a.k.a. "the '''W'''ord", as opposed to "a '''w'''ord"). If you just want to directly translate it to "Truth", that would sound plausible to me, but redefining "word" to ''really'' mean "Truth" is somewhat pushing it in my eyes.

But like I said in the beginning, this isn't exactly my special field of study, so I'm open for any source Andy or somebody else can show me to understand things better. --[[User:AlanS|AlanS]] 15:04, 25 December 2008 (EST)

:AlanS, the more you rely on silly sarcasm, the less likely you will be insightful. In response to your comment, the primary meaning of "word" in English at the time of its incorporation in translating John 1:1 was a "command" or series of speech sounds, not false or vulgar. Today its primary meaning in English is quite different from about 400 years ago, as in "he had a word with so-and-so" or "password".--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 17:07, 25 December 2008 (EST)

::Aschlafly, the less you rely on belittling and dismissing other people and posts ("the more you rely on silly sarcasm, the less likely you will be insightful", "I'm not interested in wasting my time with someone suffering from [[evolution syndrome]]"), the more respect people will give you. I assume/hope you don't treat your students like this, so why your fellow editors? I came to this talk page to learn, not to get the wagging finger treatment from you. And I assumed that you, somebody who is going to ''retranslate the Word Of God'', have some experience as a linguist, translator and biblical scholar - no sarcasm intended. Because otherwise, I'd seriously ask what you were thinking when you started this. No offense, but this is a task more talented people than you and I have to study years for, so the thought of somebody with ''no'' experience or training in this field translating the Bible makes me frown to say the least.
::More on-topic, I find your explanation interesting, but I would welcome a source for your claim because I couldn't find any. I'm not here to doubt the you, but I want to verify it. Also, what is your explanation for the newer translations not having updated that word? --[[User:AlanS|AlanS]] 08:27, 26 December 2008 (EST)

::: AlanS, don't rant on these pages. Contribute, or please leave.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 08:39, 26 December 2008 (EST)

"Word" sounds better in my opinion. Also, which editions are you using as a source for your translating, the original Hebrew and Greek, or one of the many English versions? And how far do you plan on taking this? I personally find it superfluous, but since linguistically I am a prescriptionist, that may just be me.[[User:ENorman|ENorman]] 22:49, 25 December 2008 (EST)

: I don't think "Word" means the same to people anymore as it did a generation ago. As to your second sentence, all early manuscripts were in Greek, and the term used was "logos" as stated.

: I think the table is merely scratching the surface. The English language is devolving quickly, and retranslation of many key terms is worth considering. This exercise itself is illuminating. I'm confident we've all learned something new just from reading the first three examples.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 22:53, 25 December 2008 (EST)

: But evolution isn't real, right? :)

: Joking aside, I'll help you with my basic knowledge of linguistics if you honestly want it. Just want to avoid this degenerating into an exercise in Newspeak or playing with deeper meanings. [[User:ENorman|ENorman]] 22:58, 25 December 2008 (EST)

:: Wow, that's bizarre: where did your comment on evolution come from? No, I'm not interested in wasting my time with someone suffering from [[evolution syndrome]]. If you have an open mind, then I do welcome your efforts; if not, then maybe Wikipedia is a better place for you.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 23:05, 25 December 2008 (EST)

==Logos==
ASchlafly: The word "Logos" does not translate to truth. It is generally translated to "word, thought, principle, or speech." Good luck on rewriting the Bible! [[User:MReynolds|MReynolds]] 22:20, 25 December 2008 (EST)

== Alternative Procedure ==

This project is quite ambitious, and generally, I'd say it is out of the reach of the high-school pupils you're addressing.
Wouldn't it be more effective to write a commentary to the ''gold standard of Biblical translations'', i.e., KJB, to explain its verses to the contemporary audience? The language of the KJB is so vigorous that any alteration just weakens it.
Of course, I'm coming from a German perspective: It took a genius like Martin Luther to come up with a usable German translation for the Bible. He introduced numerous metaphors and proverbs into the German language which still live on. Granted, there are more modern translation - esp. the ''Einheitsübersetzung'' of the EKD (Protestant churches in Germany) and the German Conference of Catholic Bishops. But though it's more exact historically, it lacks the power of Luther's language.
Another thought: The Bible in its old translations has inspired or at least influenced countless works of literature. This influence is more easily spotted using the traditional translations.
[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 08:59, 26 December 2008 (EST)

: BRichtigen, with all due respect, the greatest works throughout history have been produced by teenagers like my students. Moreover, many of my students likely have a better command of history and linguistics than you do. Try your hand at [[American_History_Midterm_Exam_-_Boys]] and see how you stack up.

: Your put-down aside, your approach does not address the problem of how culture changes the meaning of modern terms used by ''all'' translations of the [[Bible]]. An accurate translation using terms "x, y, and z" becomes inaccurate when culture modifies the meaning of "x, y, and z" to listeners.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 09:27, 26 December 2008 (EST)

::"the greatest works throughout history have been produced by teenagers like my students" A closer examination of the greatest work of history (perhaps we could agree on a list of the TOP 100) will show that the statement is just wrong. In fact, the few cases of teenagers who excelled in their fields are so well known as they '''were''' rare. (There is only ''one'' Mozart...)

::I'm sure that your students have a better command of '''American''' history than I do. And they should speak better English than I do. I don't know about their German, Latin, Dutch or French...

:: ''An accurate translation using terms "x, y, and z" becomes inaccurate when culture modifies the meaning of "x, y, and z" to listeners.'' A reasonable thing would be to explain the meaning of ''x, y, and z'' to the listeners as used in the translations.

:: The Greek originals were in use for a couple of centuries while Ancient Greek was still a living language. Somehow, no one so the necessity to rewrite the originals...

::[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 09:41, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:::BRichtigen, you're welcome to start a list of the greatest works in history, but I'm confident most will be accomplished by people who were teenagers. Your point about x, y, z, is not clear; the retranslation is precisely designed to explain x, y, z in a more accurate way as culture changes language. Ancient Greek, which I have studied (have you?) was not as vulnerable to cultural changes to language as today's society is.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 10:30, 26 December 2008 (EST)

::::I looked into the claim ''most of the greatest works in history were accomplished by people who were teenagers'', and the more I research, the more absurd it becomes.
::::Take for instance mathematics, one of the fields were prodigies are said to be found quite often. Granted, there are accomplishments by young men (Abel, Galois), and Gauss constructed the regular heptadekagon age 18. But these examples are few, and most times, the works of the teenage mathematician will be overshadowed by the works of the matured one - if he is allowed to life long enough.
::::Another area: Music. Mozart is the child prodigy par excellence, and others tried to imitate his success (Beethoven's father lied about the age of his son...). But there are only few works of teenagers worth listening to...
::::Which ''accomplishments in history'' are you thinking about?
::::And my Greek is negligible, I'm afraid... --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 11:07, 26 December 2008 (EST)
::::Addendum: Your class voted on the [[Voted_Most_Influential_Person_in_American_History|most influential person in American history]]. None of the top four made his most important attributions to American history as a teenager... [[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 11:39, 26 December 2008 (EST)
:::::[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=496962 This] paper examines the age at which Nobel-winning economists published their important works, and also the ages at which they began their Nobel-related research. Table 1 lists the age at which they began their Nobel work; the youngest was 21, and the average was 29.3. They also briefly examine other fields: the mean "beginning age" for Nobel-winning physicists was 33.6, for chemists it was 31.6, and for physiology/medicine it was 33.2. Note that these are the ages when they began the work, not when the Nobel prize was awarded, as it often takes a number of years for the true importance of significant work to be recognised. [[User:BrianW|BrianW]] 11:57, 26 December 2008 (EST)

:::::: Well, fine, but few or none of those examples would rank as the greatest "works" in history. And as to BRichtigen's comment above, the issue of the "most influential person" is obviously very different from the issue of the "greatest works."--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 12:22, 26 December 2008 (EST)

::::::: Could you give a few examples of the greatest works in history, preferably done by teenagers? Thanks, [[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 15:58, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Unique and useful project ==

Whatever the claims of your distractors and critics be, I believe it is a great project and quite suitable to the intended audience of the encyclopedia. You are quite right in spotting that the meaning of words change as the language evolves or change. This is especially true for English which has become the universal language and the de facto official language of the internet.I wonder whether any one has done this before. It may also be beneficial to recruit some one with special expertise in this field. --[[User:MRain|MRain]] 12:06, 26 December 2008 (EST)

: Thanks for your encouragement. I'm not aware of anyone else doing this (or anyone who has "special expertise" in the devolution of modern English). We welcome contributions to the project ... starting with yourself! I'll be adding new items as I discover them.--[[User:Aschlafly|aschlafly]] 12:19, 26 December 2008 (EST)

==Divine Right==

Sorry if I offended with the Divine Right translation. My intent was to say that only Christ has the ultimate authority to rule, not to suggest that claims of Divine Right by kings and despots had and validity. [[User:QWest|QWest]] 14:19, 26 December 2008 (EST)

== Bearing arms ==

The text reads: "In Biblical times, as today, the bearing of arms to defend ones family and society was the hallmark of civilisation."

First, I corrected the British spelling in compliance with the MoS. This is against the evidence, at least as far as the Greeks. In "History of the Peloponnesian War," Thucydides [http://classics.mit.edu/Thucydides/pelopwar.1.first.html spoke] of wearing arms as a custom of the barbarians, and waxes poetic about the lack of necessity of bearing arms in Greece:
{{cquote|And even at the present day many of Hellas still follow the old fashion, the Ozolian Locrians for instance, the Aetolians, the Acarnanians, and that region of the continent; and the custom of carrying arms is still kept up among these continentals, from the old piratical habits. The whole of Hellas used once to carry arms, their habitations being unprotected and their communication with each other unsafe; indeed, to wear arms was as much a part of everyday life with them as with the barbarians. And the fact that the people in these parts of Hellas are still living in the old way points to a time when the same mode of life was once equally common to all. The Athenians were the first to lay aside their weapons, and to adopt an easier and more luxurious mode of life.}}

Should I correct it?-[[User:AlexanderM|AlexanderM]] 15:56, 26 December 2008 (EST)

User:BRichtigen/Cauchy distribution

2008-12-26T16:58:46Z

BRichtigen: Cauchy distribution - a start.

[[Image:Cauchy-experiment.png|750px|thumb|Generating Cauchy distributed random numbers]]

Imagine a two-headed arrow circling in a vertical plane around its center, which is fixed on a pole of length 1m. Almost always, one head will point to a line at the bottom of the pole. Measure the distances in one direction as positive, and in the other as negative. If you stop the arrow, it points to a real number.
Stopping the arrow randomly yields a random number. This random number will follow the standard '''Cauchy distribution'''.

Alternatively: if '''U''' is a uniformly distributed random variable on [0, 2 π], then tan('''U''') is standard Cauchy distributed.

Talk:Bible Retranslation Project

2008-12-26T16:39:18Z

BRichtigen: /* Alternative Procedure */ addendum

Talk:Bible Retranslation Project

2008-12-26T16:07:14Z

BRichtigen: /* Alternative Procedure */ few prodigies

Talk:Bible Retranslation Project

2008-12-26T14:41:36Z

BRichtigen: /* Alternative Procedure */

Large water bodies

2008-12-26T14:14:34Z

BRichtigen: stub & source - "L" done

{{stub}}

'''Large water bodies''' are - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"[[water bodies]] of at least 40 acres."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Large urban and built-up areas

2008-12-26T14:14:17Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Large urban and built-up areas''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a [[land]] cover/use category composed of developed tracts of at least 10 acres—meeting the definition of Urban and built-up areas."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Land cover/use

2008-12-26T14:14:05Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Land cover/use''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a term that includes categories of [[land]] cover and categories of land use. Land cover is the vegetation or other kind of material that covers the land surface. Land use is the purpose of human activity on the land; it is usually, but not always, related to land cover. The [[National Resources Inventory]] (NRI) uses the term land cover/use to identify categories that account for all the surface area of the United States. "<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Large streams

2008-12-26T14:13:08Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Large streams''' are - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"[[perennial stream]]s at least 1/8 mile (660 feet) wide."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Land capability classification

2008-12-26T14:11:37Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Land capability classification''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a system of grouping [[soil]]s primarily on the basis of their capability to produce common cultivated crops and pasture plants without deteriorating over a long period. Land capability classification is subdivided into capability class and capability subclass nationally.
;Capability class: ''The broadest category in the system. Class codes I to VIII indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower choices for agriculture. The numbers are used to represent both irrigated and nonirrigated land capability.
;Capability subclass: ''The second category in the system.
;Class codes
:''e (erosion problems),
:''w (wetness problems),
:''s (root zone limitations), and
:''c (climatic limitations)
''are used for land capability subclasses."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Lake (land type)

2008-12-26T14:09:35Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

A '''Lake''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a natural inland [[body of water]], fresh or salt, extending over 40 [[acre]]s or more and occupying a basin or hollow on the earth’s surface, which may or may not have a current or single direction of flow."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Lacustrine System

2008-12-26T14:09:10Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

A '''Lacustrine System''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"composed of [[wetlands]] and deepwater habitats occurring in one of five systems in the classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats <ref>see Wetlands, Cowardin et al. 1979</ref>. The Lacustrine System includes wetlands and deepwater habitats with all of the following characteristics: ''
# ''situated in a topographic depression or a dammed river channel;
# ''lacking trees, shrubs, persistent emergent plants, emergent mosses or lichens with greater than 30% areal coverage; and
# ''total area exceeding 20 acres. Similar habitats totaling less than 20 acres are included if an active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline feature makes up all or part of the boundary, or if the water depth in the deepest part of the basin exceeds 6.6 feet at low water."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Irrigated land

2008-12-26T14:08:08Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Irrigated land''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"land that shows evidence of being [[irrigated]] during the year of the inventory or of having been irrigated during 2 or more of the last 4 years. Water is supplied to crops by ditches, pipes, or other conduits. For the purposes of the NRI, water spreading is not considered irrigation."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Talk:Bible Retranslation Project

2008-12-26T13:59:40Z

BRichtigen: /* Alternative Procedure */ new section

User talk:RSchlafly

2008-12-23T23:20:20Z

BRichtigen: /* Merry Christmas */ new section

<big>'''ARCHIVES:'''</big> '''[[User talk:RSchlafly/Archive1|1]]'''

== Clean ==

Enjoy your nice, clean talk page! --[[User:Hojimachong|'''ηοξιμαχονγ''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|θαλκ]] 19:15, 19 July 2007 (EDT)

== I would appreciate your support ==

Dear RSchlafly,

I am sending you a note about the [[Template:Uncited|uncited template]] and how it can substantially increase web traffic to Conservapedia.

The Conservapedia article on [[homosexuality]] is now ranked in the top 10 of http://www.google.com searches. I estimate that the Conservapedia article on homosexuality is giving 300-400 people new people a day to know about Conservapedia who wouldn't otherwise know about it. When the article is in the top 5 of the search engine rankings it will bring in SUBSTANTIALLY more as the top 5 entries get the lion's share of the internet traffic.

Now a main reason why the Conservapedia homosexuality article is ranked in the top 10 is that the search engines highly reward articles with footnotes that link to other interent websites. Accordingly, since our uncited template is successful in getting people to cite their material as Andy Schlafly stated, I made note of the uncited template in the following Conservapedia articles:

Conservapedia:Commandments: http://www.conservapedia.com/Conservapedia:Commandments

Conservapedia Manual of Style: http://www.conservapedia.com/Conservapedia:Manual_of_Style

Conservapedia:Footnotes - technical help
http://www.conservapedia.com/Conservapedia:Footnotes_-_technical_help

Currently about 50% of Conservapedia articles are completely uncited and a high percentage of articles that are cited are poorly cited. If this persist, not many people are going to know about Conservapedia as our articles will be poorly ranked by the search engines. However, I strongly believe that the uncited template will make a substantial difference.

Accordingly, I would appreciate your efforts in supporting the [[Template:Uncited|uncited template]].

[[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 15:40, 29 July 2007 (EDT)

'''*Conservative, around here, it is the practice of all Sysops, except you, to discuss changes before implementing them, and asking for support. The Commandments may only be changed upon direct approval from Andy. You did not receive this direct approval, no? Kindly try and act like a mannered person, post your proposals to the Sysops and Andy, then be prepared for discussion and support, not the other way around. I could support your idea, except for the encouragement of placing templates without limitiation. We have far too much clutter already, and your failing to limit template placement, by stating some guideline for what a minimum number of citations is, will lead to chaos and endless debate as to how many are too few and how many are "enough". Thanks. --[[User:TK|Sysop-TK]] [[User_talk:TK|--Talk 2 Me]] 15:52, 29 July 2007 (EDT)'''

== 1992 Election ==

Nice revert. [[User:Ferret|Ferret]] 18:51, 7 August 2007 (EDT)

*Since in the ''United States'', Ferret, we do not elect our President's with a direct popular vote, and never have, references to who won a majority percentage of the vote are misnomers. --[[User:TK|şŷŝôρ-₮K]][[User_Talk:TK|Ṣρёаќǃ]] 19:37, 7 August 2007 (EDT)

::Yep, realise that's not how it works. It's an interesting and quite deliberate part of the design on behalf of the founding fathers. It's not about winning a majority of the voters across the nation, it's about winning a majority of the voters in the right number of states, with smaller states deliberately getting more than their proportional weight of the electoral college. I think it's a beautiful system that works as well with 50 states in 2004 as it does with 13 (vote counting issues aside!). Whether a particular president won a plurality, or absolute majority, of the vote is of interest for that very reason - it illustrates the system working exactly the way it's designed to work. Bush got the votes he needed in the states he needed - Gore did not. Simple as that, isn't it? (OK, it wasn't THAT simple, but let's not go there!) [[User:Ferret|Ferret]] 05:57, 8 August 2007 (EDT)

Thanks for adding the percentage on that election. -[[User:Additioner|Additioner]] 14:49, 17 August 2007 (EDT)

==Catch-22==

Which novel are you referring to 'published ten years earlier' on the Catch-22 page? [[User:Maestro|Maestro]] 17:50, 11 August 2007 (EDT)

: See [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4196/is_19980428/ai_n10413175] or [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20561858.html]. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 18:21, 11 August 2007 (EDT)

Hi! :)

Thanks for adding a new article, in this case [[kluge]]. Please, though, categorize your articles when you create them; while there are those of us who will go through and clean-up the uncategorized articles, you know your subject better than we do.

For a list of categories, go here: [[Special:Categories]]. To add a category to your article, type two open brackets, then "category:" followed by the category you want. Just add two closed brackets and you're done! You can add as many categories as you feel are appropriate. Thanks! [[User:Aziraphale|Aziraphale]] 02:19, 15 August 2007 (EDT)

==Theory and Fact==
Please try and remain civil when it comes to altering other people's edits - there was no reason to refer to the information as "junk". If you thought it was verbose you could have just said so. Regardless, I am going to reinsert some information in a less confounding way. At the moment the flimsy terse mention of biological evolution in the article is insufficient for anyone to understand the what is considered fact and what is considered theory. It's a great example for the article. However, I don't want an edit war so my changes will only be minute at first. Regards. [[User:Wisdom89|Wisdom89]] 12:19, 1 September 2007 (EDT)

: I was civil. If I thought that verbosity were the problem, I would have said so. The reinserted text is wrong and confusing. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 12:54, 1 September 2007 (EDT)

: Absolutely not. There is nothing wrong with the information. If you have counter evidence regarding Modern synthesis or that evolutionists refer to the science as both a fact and theory, then that would be one thing. However, based on your actions, I can only presume that you simply don't want the information posted. Things aren't incorrect simply because you say so. If you require sources I'd be more than happy to supply them - but by dismissing the information, removing it without notification and referring to it as "junk" is slightly inflammatory. At least that's how I'm taking it. My edits are in good faith and meant to help the project of conservapedia. If you doubt this at all, just look at my edit history. Anyway, it would have been better had you and I discussed the changes first. [[User:Wisdom89|Wisdom89]] 14:04, 1 September 2007 (EDT)

:: Your presumptions are incorrect. Evidence for and against the modern synthesis is irrelevant. The article is just about some simple definitions. I have posted on the Talk pages an example of how your own text contradicts your own sources. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 15:04, 1 September 2007 (EDT)

== [[Twin Primes]] question ==
Roger, do you think there are an [[infinite]] number of [[twin primes]]? Do you think it is provable (though obviously not proven yet)?--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 19:53, 3 September 2007 (EDT)

: I would guess yes, but until someone solves the problem, no one knows for sure. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 20:53, 3 September 2007 (EDT)

*Roger....that is what they are still saying about being able to teach me Trig! --[[User:TK|şŷŝôρ-₮K]][[User_Talk:TK|Ṣρёаќǃ]] 21:16, 3 September 2007 (EDT)

== Shawshank Redemption ==
[http://www.shawshankredemption.net/books/the-shawshank-redemption-plot.html]"A new prisoner called Tommy comes to Shawshank prison. '''Tommy tells another prisoner, who tells Andy, that Tommy had had a cellmate at a different prison who bragged about killing a rich golfer and some hot-shot banker's wife, and the banker getting jailed for it. This is clearly the real killer of Andy's wife.''' Andy sees the possibility of a new trial since this evidence would prove his innocence. Warden Norton dismisses the story, telling Andy to ignore this made up story. When Andy argues with him warden Norton sends Andy to solitary confinement, to remind Andy of his place in the prison hierarchy." --[[User:TK|şŷŝôρ-₮K]][[User_Talk:TK|Ṣρёаќǃ]] 05:22, 8 September 2007 (EDT)[

: That is just an argument for a court action. Nowhere does the movie say that Andy was innocent, or that he was wrongly convicted. If Andy is innocent, as you say, then for what is he being redeemed? [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 06:08, 8 September 2007 (EDT)

::I will email Steven King and ask, Roger. I just remember it from the book and movie, is all....so it must have been important to the story, otherwise I would imagine King would have snipped it. Argument for a court action? Lawyers have enough business! The way he was given the news, not expecting it, nor thinking it was coming, seems to indicate he wasn't looking for a ploy. I will revert myself back in the movie list, if you haven't already, pending my hearing back from King. Fair enough? --[[User:TK|şŷŝôρ-₮K]][[User_Talk:TK|Ṣρёаќǃ]] 06:35, 8 September 2007 (EDT)

::: Whether Andy was expecting the news, or looking for a ploy, is irrelevant. He is likely to jump on any opportunity to get out of prison. The beginning of the movie show overwhelming evidence against Andy in court. It avoids showing the murderer when the trigger is pulled. Apparently the movie wanted to create some ambiguity. My question for you: Under your interpretation, what is the "redemption" of the title? [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 14:24, 8 September 2007 (EDT)

Redemption comes in many packages, I have found. Perhaps the humanity, the ability of some to maintain and even nurture the type of complex "friendship" (humanity) that the characters actually developed, in spite of their circumstances, is the "redemption". Writers speak constantly in metaphors, and not all of them built on sound ground, but in some loose manner, the characters were role-reversed, eh? The prison guard in his own prison, without walls, and the inmate in an actual one, yet actually more free? --[[User:TK|şŷŝôρ-₮K]][[User_Talk:TK|Ṣρёаќǃ]] 15:16, 8 September 2007 (EDT)

==Vandal==

I found a vandal named spoonboy. It seems that he deliberately changed information on the Post-Diluvian Diasporas article in order to make a mockery out of Conservapedia. He also messed up the link on the page. Please examine his edits and take action if necessary. [[User:Lukecorlando|Lukecorlando]] 22:06, 17 October 2007 (EDT)

==Don Imus Edits==
When you remove the specific insults that Imus used, you remove the whole point of caring about things like racism and sexism. I suppose what you're suggesting is that those two things (racism and sexism) are acceptable? Perhaps we should just overlook them? If we are to learn anything from what Mr. Imus said and what happened to him as a result, we need to know exactly WHY he was fired. Now that he's been rehired by conservative bastion 770 WABC in New York, has the conservative agenda been amended to include "protect Imus?"

Again, when you remove what he said from the article, you remove any idea about how WRONG what he said was. This seems to me to be an attempt to soft-soap a racist, sexist comment. I wonder why you wish to do this. Perhaps you, yourself, agree with Mr. Imus' statements? Do YOU believe that the Rutgers University Ladies Basketball Team is a bunch of "nappy-headed hoes?" This seems a gross and base mischaracterization of a group of ladies I'm sure you are not personally acquainted with.

Since Conservapedia makes the claim that it is non-biased, and that it is supposedly the alternative to the liberal-biased WikiPedia (and the accuracy of that assessment is something I leave to another debate at another time), WHY, sir, have you seemingly attempted to slant things to FAVOR a radio personality who made RACIST and SEXIST remarks and who is employed by a major conservative media outlet?

I await your response, sir, with something approaching eagerness.
[[User:Artiefisk|Artiefisk]] 19:00, 27 January 2008 (EDT)

: I did not remove the quote. It was someone else. You are complaining to the wrong guy. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 21:30, 27 January 2008 (EST)

Since there was no contribution between mine and yours, sir, I feel that you are fibbing. Peruse the history of the Don Imus page and see. Perhaps someone else made the revision and used your name? Unlikely. My only conclusion is that you or someone using your name condones institutional racism and sexism in the mainstream media. If this is true of you, you ought to be ashamed. If it is someone else using your name, you ought to be outraged. Either way, at least ACT like you care.
[[User:Artiefisk|Artiefisk]] 15:30, 29 January 2008 (EDT)

: I checked the history. You inserted the quote here [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Don_Imus&diff=378862&oldid=288654] and it was removed by [User:Iduan], not me. I merely shortened your mischaracterization of what Imus said. You wrote that Imus "classified a group of female athletes as women of decidedly ill repute". That was just not correct. Imus did not say that anyone had ill repute. Please do not make false accusations against either Don Imus or me. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 16:15, 29 January 2008 (EST)

How did I make false accusations against Don Imus? He called those women "nappy-headed hoes." Where I come from, "nappy-headed" is meant as an insult against the typically tightly-curled African-American hair type. "Ho," in common use, is slang for a "whore" or "prostitute," which, when you clean it up for the good old "family-friendly" Conservapedia, means "woman of ill repute."
So, to insult typically African-American hair type, and to call these women "prostitutes," hmmm, I dunno, seems like RACISM and SEXISM to me. One doesn't have to be a trust fund baby to deny the truth, but it helps, I suppose. Good day, sir. [[User:Artiefisk|Artiefisk]] 16:30, 31 January 2008 (EDT)

: You are welcome to your opinions, but your edit was inaccurate. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 18:51, 31 January 2008 (EST)

== Thanks for the Unblock ==

I do enjoy especially the part of this project which concerns the history of sciences. It just a hobby of mine, and discussions like ours are a welcomed to delve into the literature. --[[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 16:15, 13 November 2008 (EST)

:RS, check me if I'm wrong, but I'm finding BRichtigen a bit of a distraction. Is he really doing good work somewhere around here? --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 18:54, 13 November 2008 (EST)
:: I can't tell if ''you'' are finding him a distraction, but how is that ''his'' fault? [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 20:35, 13 November 2008 (EST)

:::chuckle, you make a goood point there --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 20:38, 13 November 2008 (EST)

:: I had some disagreements with BRichtigen, but he is definitely doing good work. Please do not block him. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 00:23, 14 November 2008 (EST)

== question of lawyers responsibility as Officer of the court ==

Hi, is a lawyer who knows his client is guilty still permitted to provide a defense or is he meant as an officer of the court , to plead guilty and attempt to mitigate the sentancing ? I realize there may be a difference between what should happen and what does happen. I lived for a while in Australia and England so it may be an issue of US law vs English .. Thanks oh, this relates to the importance of good character in the appointment of white house counsel [[User:Markr|Markr]] 19:40, 21 November 2008 (EST)

: Under US law, the lawyer is required to argue the case however the client wants to plead it. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 15:12, 23 November 2008 (EST)
:: ok , thanks [[User:Markr|Markr]] 13:22, 24 November 2008 (EST)

== Merry Christmas ==

and I hope the New Year will give us ample opportunity to discuss interesting topics, like we have done this year!
Yours [[User:BRichtigen|BRichtigen]] 18:20, 23 December 2008 (EST)

Herbaceous

2008-12-23T23:09:50Z

BRichtigen: stub & source - H done

{{stub}}

'''Herbaceous''' vegetation is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a [[general cover]] category consisting of predominantly perennial herbaceous plants or noncultivated annuals or both. The tall woody canopy cover is less than 5 percent, and the short woody canopy cover is also less than 5 percent. Arid rangeland and desert can fall into this category although vegetation density and percentage of ground cover may be low. ''

''An herbaceous plant is any [[vascular plant]] that is neither arborescent nor shrubby."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Horticultural cropland

2008-12-23T23:09:35Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Horticultural cropland''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a subcategory of [[cropland]] used for growing fruit, nut, berry, vineyard, and other bush fruit and similar crops. Nurseries and other ornamental plantings are included."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Hayland

2008-12-23T23:09:22Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Hayland''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a subcategory of [[cropland]] managed for the production of forage crops that are machine harvested. The crop may be grasses, legumes, or a combination of both. Hayland also includes land in set-aside or other short-term agricultural programs."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Habitat patch

2008-12-23T23:09:14Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Habitat patch''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a term used to describe an area displaying a relatively uniform [[general cover]] type. Nine General cover categories are used to classify areas of relatively uniform cover. Each individual area is referred to as a habitat patch."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Habitat configuration

2008-12-23T23:09:05Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Habitat configuration''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"the arrangement of the nine [[general cover]] categories occurring about a point."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Habitat composition

2008-12-23T23:08:56Z

BRichtigen: stub & source

{{stub}}

'''Habitat composition''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"the makeup or relative proportion of the [[general cover]] categories occurring about a point."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

General cover

2008-12-23T23:08:45Z

BRichtigen:

{{stub}}

'''General cover''' is a - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"description of [[land]] type. Nine general cover categories are defined, based upon vegetative structure (e.g., canopy cover percentage) or substrate characteristics (e.g., barren land/artificial surfaces). They are:''
''Crop; Herbaceous; Open canopy [[short woody plants]]; Short woody plants; Open canopy [[tall woody plants]]; Tall woody plants; Barren; Artificial and modified surfaces; Water"<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Growing season

2008-12-22T20:22:14Z

BRichtigen: stub & source - G done

{{stub}}

'''Growing season''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''" the '''frost-free season''', the period and/or number of days between the last freeze in the [[spring]] and the first frost in the fall for the freeze threshold temperature of the crop or other designated temperature threshold."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''

It varies according to the location, and more specifically according to the altitude, latitude, and proximity to large bodies of water.

Contrary to popular misconception, the "growing season" is not the only time when crops grow. Many crops, including winter wheat, oats, rye, canola/rutabaga, and kale, are grown partly or wholly during times of year other than the frost-free season.

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

General cover

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'''General cover''' is a - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"description of [[land]] type. Nine general cover categories are defined, based upon vegetative structure (e.g., canopy cover percentage) or substrate characteristics (e.g., barren land/artificial surfaces). They are:
Crop; Herbaceous; Open canopy [[short woody plants]]; Short woody plants; Open canopy [[tall woody plants]]; Tall woody plants; Barren; Artificial and modified surfaces; Water"<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
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[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Forest land

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'''Forest land''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a land cover/use category that is at least 10 percent stocked by single-stemmed woody species of any size that will be at least 4 meters (13 feet) tall at maturity. Also included is [[land]] bearing evidence of natural regeneration of tree cover (cut over forest or abandoned farmland) and not currently developed for nonforest use. Ten percent stocked, when viewed from a vertical direction, equates to an areal canopy cover of leaves and branches of 25 percent or greater. The minimum area for classification as forest land is 1 acre, and the area must be at least 100 feet wide."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
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[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Field

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A '''Field''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a cultivated area of [[land]] that is marked out for a particular crop or cropping sequence."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
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[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Farmsteads and ranch headquarters

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'''Farmsteads and ranch headquarters''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a [[land]] cover/use category that includes dwellings, outbuildings, barns, pens, corrals and feedlots next to buildings, farmstead or feedlot windbreaks, and family gardens associated with operating farms and ranches. (Commercial feedlots, greenhouses, poultry facilities, overnight pastures for livestock, and field windbreaks are not considered part of farmsteads.)"<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
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[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Estuarine Wetland

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'''Estuarine Wetlands''' are - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"[[wetlands]] occurring in the Estuarine System, one of five systems in the classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats <ref>see Wetlands, Cowardin et al. 1979</ref>. Estuarine wetlands are tidal wetlands that are usually semi-enclosed by land but have open, partly obstructed or sporadic access to the open ocean, and in which ocean water is at least occasionally diluted by freshwater runoff from the land. The most common example is where a river flows into the ocean."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
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[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Erosion (USDA)

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'''Erosion''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"the wearing away of the [[land]] surface by running water, waves, or moving ice and wind, or by such processes as [[mass wasting]] and [[corrosion]] (solution and other chemical processes). The term "geologic erosion" refers to natural erosion processes occurring over long ([[geologic]]) time spans. "Accelerated erosion" generically refers to erosion that exceeds what is presumed or estimated to be naturally occurring levels, and which is a direct result of human activities (e.g., [[cultivation]] and [[logging]])."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
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[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Erodibility index

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'''Erodibility index''' (EI) - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"is a numerical expression of the potential of a soil to [[erode]], considering the physical and chemical properties of the soil and climatic conditions where it is located. The higher the index, the greater the investment needed to maintain the sustainability of the soil resource base if intensively cropped. EI scores above 8 are equated to highly erodible land."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
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[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}

Y-intercept

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[[Image:Line.png|right|thumb|pxl=200|intercepts]]
The '''y-intercept''' is the y-value of the point at which a [[line]] intersects the [[y-axis]]. If the line is represented in the point-slope form, i.e., <math> y = m \cdot x +b</math>, then the ''y-intercept'' is <math>b</math>. See also: [[x-intercept]].

[[Category:Mathematics]]

X-intercept

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[[Image:Line.png|right|thumb|pxl=200|intercepts]]
The '''x-intercept''' is the x-coordinate of the point at which a [[line]] intersects the [[x-axis]]. If the line is represented in the point-slope form, i.e., <math> y = m \cdot x +b</math> and <math>m \neq 0</math>, then the ''x-intercept'' is <math>-b/m</math>. if <math> m = 0</math>, the line doesn't cross the x-axis (case <math>b \neq 0</math>) - so there is no intersection, or the line is identical to the x-axis (case <math>b = 0</math>).

See also: [[y-intercept]]

[[Category:Mathematics]]

Developed land

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'''Developed land''' is - according to the [[USDA]] terminology - ''"a combination of [[land]] cover/use categories, Large urban and built-up areas, Small built-up areas, and Rural transportation land."<ref>[http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/1997/summary_report/glossary.html List of USDA terminology]</ref>''
==References==
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[[Category:Agriculture]]
{{USDA_Terms}}