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	<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Agent007ravi</id>
	<title>Conservapedia - User contributions [en]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Agent007ravi"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/Special:Contributions/Agent007ravi"/>
	<updated>2026-10-01T01:42:13Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.35.14</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Agent007ravi&amp;diff=393895</id>
		<title>User talk:Agent007ravi</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Agent007ravi&amp;diff=393895"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T15:20:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Thank you for your contributions - [[User:Jallen|Jallen]] &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This is the last warning you will get for your disruptive edits - [[User:TerryH|TerryH]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Agent007ravi&amp;diff=393894</id>
		<title>User talk:Agent007ravi</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Agent007ravi&amp;diff=393894"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T15:20:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Thank you for your contributions - [[User:Jallen|Jallen]] &lt;br /&gt;
This is the last warning you will get for your disruptive edits - [[User:TerryH|TerryH]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:TerryH&amp;diff=393893</id>
		<title>User talk:TerryH</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:TerryH&amp;diff=393893"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T15:18:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Administrative Office ==&lt;br /&gt;
The door is always open. Please place questions, suggestions, complaints, ''et cetera'', here.--[[User:TerryH|TerryH]]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:TerryH|Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 13:50, 6 April 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I think you're right and glad you ain't left. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 15:56, 18 April 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Templates ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Terry,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instead of typing out &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;'''&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Essay}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;'''&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;, you can instead type &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;'''&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{tl|Essay}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;'''&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;.  This is less effort and produces a similar result, except that it includes a link to the template: {{tl|Essay}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 23:18, 18 April 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 66.212.16.194 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I may be wrong about this, and this may be encyclopedia policy, but I noticed you banned [[User:66.212.16.194]] for an infinite period of time. It seems somewhat illogical to ban an IP address infinitely, because somebody else may end up with that IP and be unable to create an account.--[[User:Tmcfulton|Tmcfulton]] 20:37, 13 November 2007 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:That's not how IP addresses work. A little probabilistic math ought to convince anyone that the hazard you describe is a virtual non-issue.--[[User:TerryH|TerryH]]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:TerryH|Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 20:46, 13 November 2007 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::You're correct, I guess. I was thinking of the way they do it on Wikipedia, but I guess Conservapedia isn't popular enough for this to be an issue.--[[User:Tmcfulton|Tmcfulton]] 20:50, 13 November 2007 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[[Jesse MacBeth]]==&lt;br /&gt;
The phony soldier himself.  All we need is a pic.  [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 06:04, 25 December 2007 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Reply ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Capitalism essentially becomes the practice of making the rich richer and the poor poorer. I do not see why the failure of one or two states that pretended to be communist so they could garner the support of the masses makes capitalism any less abhorrent. And Terry, spouting the occasional occasional fragment of fortune-cookie wisdom does not improve your argument, nor does it compensate for the unequivocally unamicable tone of your response. I mean no offense, I simply didn't expect to be greeted with such open hostility in response to what was intended as a partially fatuous comment. --[[User:AngryCommunist|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#ff0000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Angry&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#000000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Communist&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] 23:03, 4 January 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
:You are too late. My opinion of Communism is obviously widely shared. And if it is &amp;quot;unamicable&amp;quot; to say that Communism is bad, then you will see in me the least amicable person you are likely ever to meet on the Internet. Let that suffice.--[[User:TerryH|TerryH]]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:TerryH|Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 07:27, 5 January 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Examples of Bias in Wikipedia ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I know I'm new here and I haven't made many edits, but could you please give me an explanation for [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Examples_of_Bias_in_Wikipedia&amp;amp;diff=366421&amp;amp;oldid=366407 reverting] my edit to [[Examples of Bias in Wikipedia]]? I didn't delete that example just because I felt like it. One of the sources in the Wikipedia article really does mention something about extrapolation, making our allegation false. I'm not trying to censor anything, I just don't want this site filled with the same kind of lies and inaccuracies that pervade Wikipedia. Best, [[User:Gillespie|Gillespie]] 22:36, 9 January 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Explain what? Do you deny it?&lt;br /&gt;
:Do you deny that Wikipedia is six times more liberal than is the American public?&lt;br /&gt;
:In fact, [[Jimbo Wales]] is proud of that statistic. Proud! He seems to think that we &amp;quot;Yanks&amp;quot; are too busy playing cowboys and Indians to be truly enlightened.&lt;br /&gt;
:If you are prepared to show that that entry is in error--show me. Do it on the Talk page of the article in question, so that everybody who takes as active an interest as I do, will see it as well.--[[User:TerryH|TerryH]]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:TerryH|Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 23:29, 9 January 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Schlafly ==&lt;br /&gt;
You objected to speculation, I removed it. Now you are censoring my opinion in violation of the Conservapedia Commandments. [[User:MatthewHopkins|MatthewHopkins]] 11:35, 2 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
==Help!==&lt;br /&gt;
Hey Terry - I hate to have to ask - but I saw that your online and you had just done a template a bit ago, so I assume you're good with templates. Would you mind helping me out on [[Template:USState]]? I can't get it to work properly - I think the problem is {{tl|!-}}. Thanks--&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[User:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #FFCCCC; background: #660000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;I]][[User_talk:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#CCCCFF; background:#000033&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Duan]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 16:38, 9 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Oh btw - see the talk page for the visual on the problem--&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[User:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #FFCCCC; background: #660000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;I]][[User_talk:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#CCCCFF; background:#000033&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Duan]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 16:39, 9 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
Oh hey - I figured it out! It was just a weird thing with the spacing - I'll fix it now--&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[User:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #FFCCCC; background: #660000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;I]][[User_talk:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#CCCCFF; background:#000033&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Duan]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 16:49, 9 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Well now the only problem is that there's a ton of spaces under &amp;quot;capital&amp;quot; if the parameters aren't filled in - but hopefully I can figure out how to fix this - thanks for your help--&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[User:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #FFCCCC; background: #660000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;I]][[User_talk:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#CCCCFF; background:#000033&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Duan]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 16:52, 9 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== CreationWiki ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is there something wrong with CreationWiki right now? That seems to happen a lot; it's been going on for several weeks in a row now. I try to access the site and it always tells me &amp;quot;Internet Explorer Cannot display the webpage&amp;quot;. I figured you'd know something since you're an admin, please help me out here '''&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#FFCC00&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Scorp&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#773300&amp;quot;&amp;gt;ion&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;'''&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:Scorpion|Vote for Pedro]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 09:52, 14 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Thanks! I was getting kind of worried there. I Pray it's up again soon. '''&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#FFCC00&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Scorp&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#773300&amp;quot;&amp;gt;ion&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;'''&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:Scorpion|Vote for Pedro]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 21:18, 14 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::I'm hearing a lot of crap about the God of the OT being infanticidal. How should I respond? '''&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#FFCC00&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Scorp&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#773300&amp;quot;&amp;gt;ion&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;'''&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:Scorpion|Vote for Pedro]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 10:00, 16 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Yeah, they're talking about God's directives for the Israelites' enemies. &amp;quot;Why would God command them to kill the babies too?&amp;quot; (God tells them to kill the men, women and children and animals) '''&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#FFCC00&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Scorp&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#773300&amp;quot;&amp;gt;ion&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;'''&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User_Talk:Scorpion|Vote for Pedro]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 10:12, 16 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: For questions such as this, a good site is http://www.tektonics.org.  You can search for keywords (as you can on many sites), or you can look up particular verses.  With a quick look I found [http://www.tektonics.org/gk/guess2much.html this] page that touches on your question.  I also found another page that pointed to a different site with [http://www.christian-thinktank.com/rbutcher1.html this article], which I haven't read, but I think might be quite useful to you.  With a better search, you might be able to find more.  [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 17:24, 16 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
Terry, it's a lot quicker to go look at my contributions, hit the &amp;quot;rollback&amp;quot; button, then hit &amp;quot;back&amp;quot; on your browser and go up the list. By the way, ask Andy if he got my email yet! --[[User:HelpfultipsforTerryH|HelpfultipsforTerryH]] 12:00, 15 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Hai ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Terry,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Those last two ethereal apparitions of vandals were not me, but I totally endorse what they did. Seems as though I have some admirers!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In regards to the second vandal's tips, it's sound advice. I'd feel sorry for you (that's a lie - maybe a small bit of pity, of definitely not sorry) if one of those WillyOnWheels vandals from last year showed up when you were the only sysop on patrol. Advice is advice, take it from where you can. But, in your defense, it is hard to teach an &amp;lt;s&amp;gt;old dog&amp;lt;/s&amp;gt; dinosaur new tricks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, consider archiving those two pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You should be looking forward to the next RDubya project - It's an article which systematically compares Conservapedia to your very own definition of extremism! I can't wait for it to be the shining gem of the internet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By the way, please tell Andy to check his email - I have an important message waiting for him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please feel free to email me, the link on my deleted userpage should still be active.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regards,&lt;br /&gt;
-Hojimachong&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== CreationWiki ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Re-install MediaWiki. I use PHP5 on my Mac with Apache2 to run the software for my personal use, and have never had a problem. I understand the base is heavily hacked, but that's life. Alternatively, you might want to consider replacing all of the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;include&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; directives with &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;include_once&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; directives. --[[User:MakeTomorrow|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#00ff00&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Make&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;#0000ff&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Tomorrow&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] 10:17, 16 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
==[[Io]]==&lt;br /&gt;
Wow, Terry, amazing job!--&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[User:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #FFCCCC; background: #660000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;I]][[User_talk:Iduan|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#CCCCFF; background:#000033&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Duan]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 22:53, 18 February 2008 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Butler&amp;diff=393892</id>
		<title>Butler</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Butler&amp;diff=393892"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T15:15:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: Replacing page with 'The Butler is a household servent.
 the most known fictional character is jeeves'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The Butler is a household servent.&lt;br /&gt;
 the most known fictional character is jeeves&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Butler&amp;diff=393890</id>
		<title>Butler</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Butler&amp;diff=393890"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T15:14:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: New page: The '''Butler''' is a senior servant in a well-to-do household.  The position has existed for centuries but in modern usage the butler is in charge of food servi...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Butler''' is a senior [[Servant (domestic)|servant]] in a well-to-do [[household]].  The position has existed for centuries but in modern usage the butler is in charge of food service, is the custodian of wine, spirits, and [[silver (household)|silver]], supervises other servants, and sometimes performs other duties.  The butler is usually the most senior staff member, although this too has evolved over time.  Today, especially in the grandest homes or when the employer owns more than one residence, there is sometimes an Estate Manager of higher rank than the butler.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In modern houses where the butler is the most senior worker, titles such as ''[[Majordomo]]'', ''Butler Administrator'', ''Staff Manager'', and ''Head of Household Staff'' are sometimes used.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the [[great house]]s of the past, the household was generally divided into areas of responsibility, with the butler in charge of the dining room (including the [[wine cellar]]) and pantry, and sometimes the entire main floor, while a [[housekeeper]] was in charge of the house as a whole and also its appearance.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;emilypost&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book | title=Emily Post's Etiquette| last=Post| first=Emily| date=2007| publisher=Echo Library| id=ISBN 1406812153}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Housekeepers are occasionally portrayed in [[literature]] as being the most senior staff member and even as making recommendations for the hiring of the butler.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;18th-century housekeepers sometimes made extra money by giving tours of the great house, a fact depicted in Jane Austen's ''Pride and Prejudice''.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Origin and development of the post of butler==&lt;br /&gt;
The garb indicates he was probably of [[Phrygian]] origin.&lt;br /&gt;
The modern role of the butler has evolved from earlier roles that were generally concerned with the care and serving of alcoholic beverages. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ancient through medieval eras===&lt;br /&gt;
From ancient through medieval times, alcoholic beverages were chiefly stored first in earthenware vessels, then later in wooden barrels, rather than in glass bottles; these containers would have been an important part of a household's possessions.  The care of these assets was therefore generally reserved for trusted slaves, although the job could also go to free persons because of heredity-based class lines or the inheritance of trades.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The biblical book of [[Genesis]] contains a reference to a role precursive to modern butlers.  The early Hebrew [[Joseph (Old Testament character)|Joseph]] interpreted a dream of Pharaoh's שקה (shaqah) (literally &amp;quot;to give to drink&amp;quot;), which is most often translated into English as &amp;quot;chief butler&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;chief cup-bearer&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Genesis 39-40.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In ancient Greece and Rome, it was nearly always slaves who were charged with the care and service of wine, while during the [[Medieval Era]] the ''pincerna'', usually a [[serf]], filled the role within the noble court.&lt;br /&gt;
The English word &amp;quot;butler&amp;quot; itself derives from the [[Middle English]] word ''boteler'' (and several other forms), from  [[Old French]] ''bouteillier'' (&amp;quot;bottle bearer&amp;quot;), and before that from [[Middle Latin]] ''butticula''.  &amp;quot;Butticula&amp;quot;, in turn, came down to English as &amp;quot;butt&amp;quot; from the [[Latin]] ''buttis'', meaning a large cask.  The modern [[English]] &amp;quot;butler&amp;quot; thus relates both to bottles and casks. A ''pincerna'' depicted in service to a noble court during the Medieval Era.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Eventually the European butler emerged as a middle-ranking member of the servants of a great house, in charge of the ''buttery'' (originally a storeroom for &amp;quot;butts&amp;quot; of liquor, although the term later came to mean a general storeroom or pantry).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;This was most likely from a loss of the original Latin meaning and the mistaken belief that ''buttery'' related to &amp;quot;butter&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  While this is so for household butlers, those with the same title but in service to the Crown enjoyed a position of administrative power and were only minimally involved with various stores. In a large house, the butler (centre-left) is traditionally head over a full array of household servants.  This is the servant staff at the Stonehouse Hill of [[Massachusetts]], the estate of F. Lothrop Ames, 1914.]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Nineteenth century and the Victorian era===&lt;br /&gt;
Gradually, throughout the nineteenth century and particularly the Victorian era, as the number of butlers and other domestic servants greatly increased in various countries (including America), the butler became a senior male servant of a household's staff. By this time he was in charge of the more modern ''wine cellar'', the &amp;quot;buttery&amp;quot; or ''pantry'' (from French ''pan'' from Latin ''panis'', bread) as it came to be called, which supplied bread, butter, cheese, and other basic provisions, and the ''ewery'', which contained napkins and basins for washing and shaving.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;scanlon&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | author=Nancy Scanlon| title=The Development of the Kitchen in the English Country House 1315-1864| journal=Journal of Culinary Science &amp;amp; Technology| year=2006| volume=4| issue=2/3| page=79-92}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the very grandest households there was sometimes an Estate Steward or other senior steward who oversaw the butler and his duties.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;mrsbeeton&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book | title=Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management| url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=89404824| last=Beeton| first=Isabella| date=1861) (2000| pages=393| publisher=Oxford University Press| id=ISBN 0192833456}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 1861 a British manual on households reported:	 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;BLOCKQUOTE&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
''The number of the male domestics in a family varies according to the wealth and position of the master, from the owner of the ducal mansion, with a retinue of attendants, at the head of which is the chamberlain and house-steward, to the occupier of the humbler house, where a single footman, or even the odd man-of-all-work, is the only male retainer. The majority of gentlemen's establishments probably comprise a servant out of livery, or butler, a footman, and coachman, or coachman and groom, where the horses exceed two or three.''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Beeton (1861), 393.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Typically, the butler was hired by the master of the house but he usually reported to its lady.  In the largest of households, the butler was head of a strict service hierarchy and therein held a position of power and respect.  Such butlers engaged and directed all junior staff.  Butlers were addressed by last name alone by their employers and their employers' children and guests, but as &amp;quot;Mr. [Surname]&amp;quot; by fellow servants, retainers, and tradespersons.  These butlers were more managerial than &amp;quot;hands on&amp;quot;: they officiated in service rather than actually serving. For example, although the butler was at the door to greet and announce the arrival of a formal guest, the door was actually ''opened'' by a [[footman]], who would receive the guest's hat and coat. Even though the butler helped his employer into his coat, this had been handed to him by a footman.  However, even the highest-ranking butler would &amp;quot;pitch in&amp;quot; when necessary (such as during a staff shortage) to ensure that the household ran smoothly.&lt;br /&gt;
{|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background-color:#e1e3e6; width:35%; border: 1px solid #aaa; margin:20px; font-size: 92%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Sidenote:&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;&amp;lt;U&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Butlers in early America&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/U&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;From the beginning of [[slavery]] in [[America]], in the early 1600s, [[African Americans]] were put to task as domestic servants, some eventually becoming butlers.  Gary Puckrein, a social historian, argues that those used in particularly affluent homes authentically internalised the sorts of &amp;quot;refined&amp;quot; norms and personal attributes that would reflect highly upon the social stature of their masters or mistresses.[[Image:Robert Roberts The House Servant's Directory 1827 Book Cover.jpg|right|166px]] One of the first books written and published through a commercial U.S. publisher by an African American was by a butler named [[Robert Roberts]].  The book, ''The House Servant's Directory'' (see link to full text at bottom of page), first published in 1827, is essentially a manual for butlers and waiters, and is called by Puckrein &amp;quot;the most remarkable book by an African American in [[South:_Ante_Bellum|antebellum America]]&amp;quot;.  The book generated such interest that a second edition was published in 1828, and a third in 1843.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;puckrein&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | author=Gary Puckrein| title=The Science of Service| journal=American Visions| year=Oct/Nov 98| volume=13| issue=5}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
European [[indentured servants]] formed a corps of domestic workers from which butlers were eventually drawn.  Although not the victims of institutionalised slavery, many of these had not volunteered for domestic service, but were forced into it by indebtedness or coercion.  As with African American slaves, they could rise in domestic service, and their happiness or misery depended greatly on the disposition of their masters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font style=&amp;quot;color: rgb(125, 125, 125);&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(PD) Image: Michigan State University Library&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
The butler engaged the footmen and assigned their duties.  Footmen reported directly to the butler; the ''first footman'' (or head footman) was deputy or under-butler and filled in as butler during the butler's illness or absence.  In a household without an official Head Housekeeper, female servants and kitchen staff were also directly under his management. In smaller households, on the other hand, the butler usually acted as [[valet]] for his employer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The modern butler==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Magnums_Butlers_May_2006.jpg|left|thumb|165px|{{#ifexist:Template:Magnums_Butlers_May_2006.jpg/credit|{{Magnums_Butlers_May_2006.jpg/credit}}&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;|}}Accompanying accelerated globalisation, butlering after the British prototype has dispersed widely and undergone many changes.  Depicted here is a young butler in [[Singapore]], adorning formal attire.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Beginning around the early 1920s, employment in domestic service occupations began a sharp overall decline in western European countries, and even more markedly in the [[United States]].  Even so, there were still around 30,000 butlers employed in [[Britain]] by [[World War II]].  Only a hundred or so remained by the mid-1980s.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;steadyjeevesyouvegotcompany&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | author=J. Lee| title=Steady, Jeeves&amp;amp;mdash;you've got company!| journal=U.S. News &amp;amp; World Report| year=1988| volume=104| issue=17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  [[Social history|Social historian]] Barry Higman argues that a high number of domestic workers within a society correlates with a high level of socio-economic inequality. Conversely, as a society undergoes levelling among its [[social class]]es, the number employed in domestic service declines.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;domesticserviceinaustralia&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book | title=Domestic Service in Australia| last=Higman| first=Barry| date=2002| publisher=Melbourne University Publishing| id=ISBN 0522850111}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following varied shifts and changes accompanying accelerated [[globalisation]] beginning in the late 1980s, overall global demand for butlers since the turn of the millennium has risen dramatically. According to Charles MacPherson, vice chairman of the International Guild of Professional Butlers, the proximate cause is that the number of millionaires and billionaires has increased in recent years, and such people are finding that they desire assistance in managing their households. MacPherson emphasises that the number of wealthy in [[China]] has particularly increased, creating in that country a high demand for professional butlers who have been trained in the European butlering tradition.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NPRradio&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7338550|title=By Jeeves, We're Having a Butler Shortage&amp;amp;mdash;Interview with Charles MacPherson|accessdate=2007-08-13|publisher=NPR News|year=10 Feb 2007|author=Scott Simon|work=Weekend Edition Saturday|format=Streaming Audio}} Also see Sheelah Kolhatka, [http://static.pinnaclecare.com/reprints/atlantic-monthly-09-06.pdf &amp;quot;Inside the Billionaire Service Industry&amp;quot;].  The Atlantic, Sept 2006, 97-101.  [http://www.webcitation.org/5UUei8uRE Archived by WebCite®.]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; There is also high demand for such butlers in other [[Asia]]n countries, as well as those of the [[petroleum]]-rich [[Middle East]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Higman additionally argues that the inequality/equality levels of societies are a major determinant of the nature of the domestic servant/employer relationship.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Higman (2002).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  As the 21st century approached, many butlers began carrying out an increasing number of duties formerly reserved for more junior household servants.  Butlers today may be called upon to do whatever household and personal duties their employers deem fitting, in the goal of freeing their employers to carry out their own personal and professional affairs.  [[Image:Magnums Butlers - A Butler in Australia Serving on a Yacht.JPG|left|thumb|165px|{{#ifexist:Template:Magnums Butlers - A Butler in Australia Serving on a Yacht.JPG/credit|{{Magnums Butlers - A Butler in Australia Serving on a Yacht.JPG/credit}}&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;|}}A butler in Australia serving on a yacht.]]Professional butler and author Steven M. Ferry states that the image of tray-wielding butlers who specialise in serving tables and decanting wine is now anachronistic, and that employers may well be more interested in a butler who is capable of managing a full array of household affairs&amp;amp;mdash;from providing the traditional dinner service, to acting as valet, to managing high-tech systems and multiple homes with complexes of staff.  Whilst in truly grand houses the modern butler may still function exclusively as a top-ranked household affairs manager,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;butlersandhouseholdmanagers&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book | title=Butlers &amp;amp; Household Managers: 21st Century Professionals| last=Ferry| first=Steven M| pages=14| publisher=BookSurge Publishing| id=ISBN 1591093066}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; in lesser homes they perform a full array of household and [[personal assistant]] duties,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thebutlerdoesit&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | author=William Loeffler| title=The butler does it| journal=The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, Lifestyle| year=15 April 2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; including mundane [[housekeeping]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;moveoverjeeves&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | author=James Woodford| title=Move over, Jeeves, a new breed of butler is working her way up| journal=The Sydney Morning Herald| year=2007-08-13| url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/04/1033538773717.html}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5R4MfrgUq Archived by WebCite®.]  Elizabeth Camille, a butler in Sydney, states, &amp;quot;I still make beds, clean toilets and peg out washing.... It's not all as glamourous as people perceive it to be.&amp;quot;  Additionally see &amp;quot;Desperately seeking Jeeves&amp;quot;, The Globe and Mail (Canada), 20 July 2007.  Lynda Reeves, president of the Toronto-based House &amp;amp; Home Media, says that the term &amp;quot;butler&amp;quot; today is just &amp;quot;a pretentious name for a housekeeper&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background-color:#e1e3e6; width:35%; border: 1px solid #aaa; margin:20px; font-size: 92%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Sidenote:&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;&amp;lt;U&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Gender and butlering&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/U&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;Butlers have traditionally been male, and this remains the norm.  Probably the first mention of a female butler is in the 1892 book ''Interludes being Two Essays, a Story, and Some Verses'' by Horace Smith (see link to full text below).  In it Smith quotes a certain Sydney Smith who had apparently run into lean times: &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
''A man servant was too expensive, so I caught up a little garden girl, made like a milestone, christened her Bunch, put a napkin in her hand, and made her my butler. The girls taught her to read, Mrs. Sydney to wait, and I undertook her morals.  Bunch became the best butler in the country''.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Smith, Horace; Joel Lehtonen (translator) (1892). ''Interludes being Two Essays, a Story, and Some Verses''. MacMillan &amp;amp; Co. ISBN 1406919659. Available [http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/1/7/0/6/17065/17065.htm online] (full text). [http://www.webcitation.org/5UUf9ithw Archived by WebCite®.]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today, female butlers are sometimes preferred, especially for work within Middle and Far Eastern families where it may be culturally problematic for males to work intimately with females in a household.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;For interesting background, see Elizabeth Warnock Fernea, ''Guests of the Sheik: An Ethnography of an Iraqi Village''. Anchor, 1995. ISBN 0385014856.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Western female celebrities may also prefer a female butler.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;See [http://www.butlersguild.com The International Guild of Professional Butlers], accessed 12/31/2007. [http://www.webcitation.org/5UUgSKDTO Archived by WebCite®.]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Despite these trends, the Ivor Spencer School asserts that female butlers are not easily placed, on the whole.&lt;br /&gt;
|}  &lt;br /&gt;
Butlers today may also be situated within corporate settings, embassies, and yachts, or within their own small &amp;quot;Rent-a-Butler&amp;quot; business or similar agency.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Jones, Harvey. &amp;quot;More money than time? Rent a butler&amp;quot;.  ''The Independent'' (UK), 15 Dec 2001. Available [http://money.independent.co.uk/personal_finance/invest_save/article149002.ece online]. [http://www.webcitation.org/5TvdZjrhC Archived by WebCite®.]  Also see http://www.rentabutler.de and http://www.rentabutler.nl/.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Along with these changes, butlering attire has changed. Whereas butlers traditionally wore a special uniform that separated them from junior servants, and although this is still often the case, butlers today may adorn more casual clothing geared for climate, while exchanging it for formal business attire only upon special service occasions.  There are cultural distinctions, as well.  In the United States, butlers may adorn a polo short and slacks, while in Bali they typically wear [[sarong]]s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Patrao, Michael. &amp;quot;The alter ago of Jeeves&amp;quot;.  ''The Deccan Herald'', 27 July 2007. Available [http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul272007/metro2007072615305.asp online]. [http://www.webcitation.org/5Tvf9PxTe Archived by WebCite®.]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In ancient times, the roles precursive to butlering were reserved for chattel or those confined within heredity-based class structures. With the advent of the medieval era, butlering became an opportunity for social advancement&amp;amp;mdash;even more so during Victorian times. Although still based upon various antecedent roles as manifested during different eras, butlering today has frequently taken over many of the roles formerly reserved for lower ranking domestic servants.  At the same time it has become a potentially lucrative career option.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In Loeffler (15 April 2007), Nathalie Laitmon of The Calendar Group in Stamford, Connecticut, states that skilled butlers within the grandest households can make USD 200,000.  She states, &amp;quot;The bigger the lifestyle of the family, the more they can earn&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Butler training==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Magnums Butlers July 2007 - Butler Training in Dubai.jpg|left|thumb|150px|{{#ifexist:Template:Magnums Butlers July 2007 - Butler Training in Dubai.jpg/credit|{{Magnums Butlers July 2007 - Butler Training in Dubai.jpg/credit}}&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;|}}Hotel Butlers-in-training in [[Dubai]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
Butlers have traditionally learned their position while progressing their way up the service ladder. For example, in the documentary ''The Authenticity of Gosford Park'', retired butler Arthur Inch describes starting as a [[hall boy]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''The Authenticity of Gosford Park'', Documentary featurette in ''Gosford Park'' Collector's Edition DVD, Universal Studios, 2002.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Today, however, there are numerous private butlering schools; top graduates can start at USD 50,000 - 60,000.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Simon (10 Feb 2007).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Additionally, major up-market hotels such as the [[Ritz-Carlton]] offer traditional butler training, while some hotels have trained a sort of pseudo-butler for service in defined areas such as &amp;quot;technology butlers&amp;quot;, who fix guests' computers and other electronic devices, and &amp;quot;bath butlers&amp;quot; who draw custom baths.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thebutlersaredoingit&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | author=Witchel| title=At Hotels, the Butlers Are Doing It| journal=New York Times| year=2000| volume=149| issue=51486| page=2}} Ferry, as quoted in &amp;quot;Desperately seeking Jeeves&amp;quot;, The Globe and Mail (Canada), 20 July 2007, was quoted as saying that hotel butlers are not rooted in the European tradition of butlering. He states that some hotels essentially rename their pool attendants as &amp;quot;pool butlers&amp;quot; and this is not a real butler so much as a marketing gimmick.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Hotels are rated by the International Institute of Modern Butlers according to their butler service offerings, which can range from the one-on-one personalized butler (A 5-Butler rating) to the &amp;quot;pool butler (a 0-Butler rating) (http://www.modernbutlers.com/html/butler-rating-system.html)&lt;br /&gt;
Starkey International distinguishes between the &amp;quot;British butler&amp;quot; prototype and its American counterpart, often dubbed the &amp;quot;household manager&amp;quot;.  Starkey states that they train and promote the latter, believing that Americans do not have the &amp;quot;servant mentality&amp;quot; that is part of the British Butler tradition. They stress that their American-style butlers and valets are educated and certified,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Starkey does lay claim to understanding the British butler tradition; however, her general approach seems to be that American domestic staff are better suited to American families.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; although some students, numerous former Starkey employees, and several wealthy clients have criticised the programme and its owner.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;starkeycontroversy&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal | author=Joel Warner| title=At Your Disservice| journal=Denver Westword News| year=9 Aug 2007| url=http://www.westword.com/2007-08-09/news/at-your-disservice/print}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5R5vB2Vfu Archived by WebCite®.]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Magnums Butlers, a school based in Australia, conducts training after the British model at sites in Asia and the Pacific, Australia, the United Kingdom and the Middle East.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;See [http://www.magnumsbutlers.com Magnums Butlers], accessed 12/31/2007. [http://www.webcitation.org/5UUgjKPZP Archived by WebCite®.]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The International Institute of Modern Butlers provides on-site training through its offices around the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to formal training, a few books have been published recently to assist butlers in their duties. Moreover, websites, as well as a news publication, ''Modern Butlers' Journal'', help butlers to network and keep abreast of developments within their field.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Butlers have been occasionally depicted in art.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;fourhundredyears&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book | title=Below stairs, 400 years of servants' portraits| last=Waterfield G., A. French and M. Craske, Eds.| date=2003| publisher=National Portrait Gallery| location=London| id=ISBN 185514512X}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; A famous [[painting]], ''Heads of Six of Hogarth's Servants'' (c. 1758), is unique among such works.  In it, the 17th-century English artist [[William Hogarth]] depicted his household servants, each surrounding the butler.  In showing the group in a close-knit assemblage rather than in the performance of their routine household duties, Hogarth sought to humanise and dignify them in a manner akin to wealthy-class members, who were the normal subjects of such [[Portraits (art)|portraits]]. Whilst this was a subversive act that certainly raised many eyebrows in his day&amp;amp;mdash;Hogarth conspicuously displayed the work in his estate home in full view of guests&amp;amp;mdash;at the same time he had painted his servants' facial expressions to convey the sincerity and deference expected of servant-class members.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ferry argues that what he calls a &amp;quot;butler mindset&amp;quot; is beneficial to all people within all professions.  He states that an attitude of devoted service to others, deference, and the keeping of confidences can help all people succeed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The butler in &amp;quot;real-life&amp;quot; versus fiction==&lt;br /&gt;
:''For a comprehensive listing of butlers and valets with notes, see [[Catalogue of butlers and valets]].''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The real-life modern butler attempts to be discreet and unobtrusive, friendly but not familiar, keenly anticipative of the needs of his or her employer, and graceful and precise in their execution.  The butler in fiction, by contrast, is larger-than-life and has become a traditional &amp;quot;plot device&amp;quot; in literature and the performing arts. Butlers often provide comic relief, with wry comments or clues to the perpetrators of various crimes, and they are represented as being at least as intelligent as their &amp;quot;betters&amp;quot;, and sometimes a lot smarter. Butlers in fiction almost invariably follow the &amp;quot;British butler&amp;quot; model, with an appropriate-sounding surname. The Asian, African American, or Caribbean houseboy is a variant, but even these major-domos are based on the British icon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The Butler&amp;quot; is integral to the plot of countless potboilers and melodramas, whether or not the character has been given a name. Butlers figure so prominently in period pieces and whodunits that they can be considered stock characters in film and theatre, where a catch phrase is, &amp;quot;The butler did it!&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The best-known fictional manservant, and the prototype of the quintessential British butler, is himself not a butler at all.  [[Jeeves|Reginald Jeeves]], the iconic creation of author [[P.G. Wodehouse]] is a &amp;quot;gentleman's gentleman&amp;quot; and general [[factotum]]. [[Alfred Pennyworth]], from ''[[Batman]]'', unusually known as &amp;quot;Alfred&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;Pennyworth&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Hudson&amp;quot; of [[Upstairs, Downstairs]] fame, and Crichton from [[J.M. Barrie]]'s ''[[The Admirable Crichton]]'' are probably the best-known fictional butlers.  Lesser-knowns include Lynn Belvedere from the [[novel]] ''[[Belevedere (novel)|Belvedere]]'' (which was adapted into a feature film with sequels and later a [[television series]]); Lurch, from the television series ''[[The Addams Family]]'', Beach, from the Wodehouse series about [[Blandings Castle]], and Benson from the series ''[[Soap (TV series)|Soap]]'' and ''[[Benson (television)|Benson]]''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not all fictional butlers portray the &amp;quot;butler stereotype&amp;quot;, however.  [[Alan Bates]], who played Jennings, the butler, in the film ''Gosford Park'' was coached by Arthur Inch, a longtime real-life butler.  Mr. Stevens, the butler in the film ''Remains of the Day'', was also acted with remarkable realism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
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		<title>Citizendium</title>
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&lt;div&gt;The '''Citizendium''' ([http://www.citizendium.org/cit.mp3 sit-ih-ZEN-dee-um], &amp;quot;a [[citizen]]s' [[compendium]] of everything&amp;quot;) is an experimental [[wiki]]-based [[encyclopedia]] project spearheaded by [[Larry Sanger]], co-founder of Wikipedia, former editor-in-chief of [[Nupedia]], and consultant to other web-encyclopedia projects such as the [[Encyclopedia of Earth]].  The project aims to improve on the [[Wikipedia]] model by requiring all contributors to do so with their real names, by strictly moderating the project for unprofessional behaviors, and by providing what it calls &amp;quot;gentle expert oversight&amp;quot; of everyday contributors.  It was first envisioned as a complete &amp;quot;[[Fork (software development)|fork]]&amp;quot; of the English Wikipedia, but the project abandoned that idea prior its public launch to emphasize its own original articles, although quality Wikipedia articles can still be imported as starting points for improved articles.  A main feature of the project is its &amp;quot;approved articles&amp;quot;, which have each undergone a form of peer-review by credentialed topic-experts and are closed to real-time editing.  The project will be carried out under the auspices of the Citizendium Foundation, although it is still phased under the [[Tides Center]] as an incubator project.  Citizendium was introduced as a beta project in March 25, 2007, from which it has yet to emerge.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Purpose==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Citizendium''' is an alternative to [[Wikipedia]] made by Wikipedia founder [[Larry Sanger]] after he grew upset with the many [[Examples of Bias in Wikipedia|problems with Wikipedia]] including anonymous editing and a lack of respect for experts.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/2007-03-25-wikipedia-alternative_N.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.citizendium.org/faq.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The project went online in March 25, 2007 and has been growing since. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Origin of Citizendium==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Larry Sanger]] announced the concept for Citizendium on September 15, 2006 at Berlin's [[Wizards of OS]] 4 conference. The project moved on to a pilot phase in October, and formally launched on March 25, 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Like Wikipedia, Citizendium is a project to prepare an encyclopedia through the collaborative writing approach known as wiki. The first recognized wiki was created by Ward Cunningham, who began development of WikiWikiWeb in 1994.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://c2.com/doc/etymology.html|date=November 2003|title=Correspondence on the Etymology of Wiki|accessdate=09-05-2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Fundamental principles==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium was founded on the following organizational principles that, for the most part, distinguish it from Wikipedia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Open collaboration===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium is similar to [[Wikipedia]] in that it is an open wiki: the public is invited to participate and edit most pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expert contribution===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unlike Wikipedia, Citizendium emphasizes the involvement of experts. While articles may be developed and revised by all Citizendium participants, the project places certain decisions in the hands of subject experts. (See Article Approval, below.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanger promotes the shift to expertise, saying: &amp;quot;people who know a great deal about a subject, who are recognized by various societal mechanisms for that knowledge, can add a great of value to Web 2.0 projects, if they are given special roles that recognize their expertise.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sanger (2006) ''Why Make Room for Experts in Web 2.0'' Keynote delivered at SDForum, San Jose, California, Oct. 24, 2006, retrieved from [http://www.citizendium.org/roomforexperts.html http://www.citizendium.org/roomforexperts.html] on May 7, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Using a  metaphor from [[Eric S. Raymond|Eric S. Raymond's]] story about [[The Cathedral and the Bazaar]], Sanger suggests that we &amp;quot;Think of editors as the village elders wandering the bazaar and occasionally dispensing advice and reining in the wayward. Their presence is merely a moderating, civilizing influence. They don't stop the bazaar from being a bazaar.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sanger (2006) ''The Citizendium FAQ'', retrieved from [http://www.citizendium.org/faq.html#editors http://www.citizendium.org/faq.html#editors] on May 7, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Article approval===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium requires that its finished articles be approved by experts familiar with the subject matter. Prior to approval, articles may be readily developed by any Citizendium participant. Upon approval, articles become the default article served to readers. Approved articles are not directly edited; instead, contributors are able to improve a draft version of the article.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Real names===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium requires, with limited exceptions, that authors and other participants use their real names. Sanger has stated that real names, in contrast to the [[pseudonyms]] common on Wikipedia, would add to the credibility and accuracy of Citizendium articles. Though the requirement for real names limits the level of participation (see Criticisms section), Citizendium officials believe that people act in a more responsible manner when their name is on the line. Accordingly, this policy seeks to foster a [[culture]] of accountability and professionalism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Project goals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Neutrality===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium has adopted a Neutrality Policy&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Neutrality_Policy|title=Neutrality Policy|date=09-05-2007|accessdate=09-05-2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; that is based on an early version of Wikipedia's neutrality policy (circa December 2001), which had been drafted by Sanger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Citizendium neutrality policy sets out the following outline for neutrality in encyclopedias:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Reduction of Bias: It is accepted that there are many different viewpoints of topics all around the world by different people, and as such there is no &amp;quot;Correct&amp;quot; viewpoint but &amp;quot;accurate&amp;quot; viewpoints.  In this sense it's the responsibility to provide comprehension and fairness to all topics and viewpoints regardless of personal belief or feelings.  Unfortunately it is impossible to reduce the amount of bias to zero, but the policy does indicate that recognition of bias is beneficial to the project.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Facts vs Opinion: The project has a responsibility to produce articles based on established and attributable fact.  However it also should be noted that while this dissuades opinion, the guidelines deem it not irresponsible to produce facts about ''all opinions on a subject'', provided they can be resourced, acknowledged, and attributed by fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Fairness and Sympathy: Every position must be represented as plausible. It is recommended that this be implemented by use of a consistently positive tone when representing viewpoints. Conceptually, it's suggested that it is unfair to highlight one viewpoint over another, exclusively represent one viewpoint, or to exclusively ''not'' represent one viewpoint. Omission of viewpoints can have the same effect as exclusivity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Responsibility===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Responsibility covers a broad scope within this project.  Not only do members have responsibilities to the project and its contributors, but they also are responsible for the content they produce. The project has created policy that determines it will maximize attribution, either to an author or a source.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, the Citizendium guidelines propose that editors and authors alike have a responsibility to the public at large.  It is the duty of all contributors at CZ to ensure that information on an article can be attributed to fact, and does not contain any questionable or unauthorized/copyrighted material, unless that required permission has been specifically granted for our use.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is also a great importance of projecting reliable information; if Citizendium articles are not accurate then how can the project be credible?  The goal is to create a &amp;quot;better free encyclopedia&amp;quot;, and its users and content should aim to fulfill that.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Should there be any incident of irresponsibility or abject behavior or content, CZ has processes and policies in place that are able to deal with these in the most professional manner available, and those should be exercised first to prevent user conflict and infighting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Family-friendliness===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium has several differences that separate it from Wikipedia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:We_aren%27t_Wikipedia|title=We aren't Wikipedia|date=23 April 2007|accessdate=09-05-2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the preceding [[CZ:We_aren%27t_Wikipedia|article]], there are several points that illustrate this aim:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* We will never have nearly as many articles about porn stars and sexual fetishes. We aim to be family-friendly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* We take defamation seriously. We believe defamation is a horrible thing, and we have zero tolerance for people playing fast and loose with people's reputations in their biography articles. This is why we have a [[CZ:Policy on Topic Informants|Policy on Topic Informants]] and a [[CZ:Topic Informant Workgroup|Topic Informant Workgroup]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* We expect professional behavior and have very low tolerance for disruption. Our Constabulary has some pretty firm rules which require professionalism. This means that not only do we have rules against personal attacks, blatant violations of the neutrality policy, and so forth, we actually enforce them. We enforce our rules by warnings (in most cases) followed by permanent bans, which can be rescinded only through appeal or application for reinstatement. We do not have &amp;quot;24 hour bans&amp;quot;, which do nothing but annoy and antagonize. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All of these serve to indicate that Citizendium does not wish to harbor content that is morally questionable, or allow disruptive or abusive behavior toward its contributors or against its own community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, there is a primer for those who have chosen to migrate from Wikipedia to Citizendium located [[CZ:Introduction_to_CZ_for_Wikipedians|here]]. A summarized version of the family-friendly policy can be found [[CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|here]]. It is CZ's aim to ensure that all articles about sexual topics will be scholarly and tactful, and none will contain graphic photos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Governance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Citizendium's Fundamental Policies&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citizendium.org/fundamentals.html|date=22 January 2007|title=Version 1.5|accessdate=09-05-2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; describes five guidelines for the governance of the project within its community. They are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* All contributors to the Citizendium must do so using their real names, unless special and unusual permission is granted by project management.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The Citizendium will be open to contribution by anyone (tentatively, &amp;quot;authors&amp;quot;) who is able to make a positive difference and who is willing to work collaboratively under the policies and management of the project. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The Citizendium will invite subject area experts to serve as editors.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The Citizendium will have a set of persons of mature judgment specially empowered to enforce rules, called (at least tentatively) &amp;quot;constables.&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* There will be a separation of powers: enforcement officials (&amp;quot;constables&amp;quot;) will not be able to make editorial decisions, and editors will not have the ability to enforce their own decisions, though they will be able to make recommendations. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The combination of these guidelines result in a project that while still existing as an &amp;quot;open system&amp;quot;, must have attribution, accuracy, and the unbridled freedom for subject matter experts to be a part of the project.  However, the problems of pre-existing systems have been acknowledged and solutions to those are qualified by responsible individuals not encompassed by total empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Online republic===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanger has said that he envisions Citizendium as a new sort of internet community, one that contains all the elements of a traditional democratic republic: a constitution, inclusive participatory governance, and an executive, legislative, and judicial branch.  A &amp;quot;constitutional convention&amp;quot;, has been proposed, and is under consideration for creation when there are sufficient stakeholders involved.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reception &amp;amp; criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On November 1st, 2007, Citizendium officially turned one-year old.  To celebrate its birthday, Sanger produced a press release that presented a narrative snapshot of the current state of the project, in terms of its progress and to debunk some myths about its status.  Also, a [[slashdot]] post was made to mark the occasion.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Related topics==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Larry Sanger]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Encyclopedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wiki]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Citizendium&amp;diff=393881</id>
		<title>Citizendium</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Citizendium&amp;diff=393881"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T15:02:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Citizendium''' ([http://www.citizendium.org/cit.mp3 sit-ih-ZEN-dee-um], &amp;quot;a [[citizen]]s' [[compendium]] of everything&amp;quot;) is an experimental [[wiki]]-based [[encyclopedia]] project spearheaded by [[Larry Sanger]], co-founder of Wikipedia, former editor-in-chief of [[Nupedia]], and consultant to other web-encyclopedia projects such as the [[Encyclopedia of Earth]].  The project aims to improve on the [[Wikipedia]] model by requiring all contributors to do so with their real names, by strictly moderating the project for unprofessional behaviors, and by providing what it calls &amp;quot;gentle expert oversight&amp;quot; of everyday contributors.  It was first envisioned as a complete &amp;quot;[[Fork (software development)|fork]]&amp;quot; of the English Wikipedia, but the project abandoned that idea prior its public launch to emphasize its own original articles, although quality Wikipedia articles can still be imported as starting points for improved articles.  A main feature of the project is its &amp;quot;approved articles&amp;quot;, which have each undergone a form of peer-review by credentialed topic-experts and are closed to real-time editing.  The project will be carried out under the auspices of the Citizendium Foundation, although it is still phased under the [[Tides Center]] as an incubator project.  Citizendium was introduced as a beta project in March 25, 2007, from which it has yet to emerge. &lt;br /&gt;
{{editintro}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Origin of Citizendium==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Larry-Sanger at WOS4.jpg|thumb|222px|right|'''Larry Sanger''' announcing ''Citizendium'' on September 15, 2006, at the Wizards of OS 4 conference, Berlin.{{photo|Simon Bierwald}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Larry Sanger]] announced the concept for Citizendium on September 15, 2006 at Berlin's [[Wizards of OS]] 4 conference. The project moved on to a pilot phase in October, and formally launched on March 25, 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Like Wikipedia, Citizendium is a project to prepare an encyclopedia through the collaborative writing approach known as wiki. The first recognized wiki was created by Ward Cunningham, who began development of WikiWikiWeb in 1994.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://c2.com/doc/etymology.html|date=November 2003|title=Correspondence on the Etymology of Wiki|accessdate=09-05-2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Fundamental principles==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium was founded on the following organizational principles that, for the most part, distinguish it from Wikipedia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Open collaboration===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium is similar to [[Wikipedia]] in that it is an open wiki: the public is invited to participate and edit most pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expert contribution===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unlike Wikipedia, Citizendium emphasizes the involvement of experts. While articles may be developed and revised by all Citizendium participants, the project places certain decisions in the hands of subject experts. (See Article Approval, below.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanger promotes the shift to expertise, saying: &amp;quot;people who know a great deal about a subject, who are recognized by various societal mechanisms for that knowledge, can add a great of value to Web 2.0 projects, if they are given special roles that recognize their expertise.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sanger (2006) ''Why Make Room for Experts in Web 2.0'' Keynote delivered at SDForum, San Jose, California, Oct. 24, 2006, retrieved from [http://www.citizendium.org/roomforexperts.html http://www.citizendium.org/roomforexperts.html] on May 7, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Using a  metaphor from [[Eric S. Raymond|Eric S. Raymond's]] story about [[The Cathedral and the Bazaar]], Sanger suggests that we &amp;quot;Think of editors as the village elders wandering the bazaar and occasionally dispensing advice and reining in the wayward. Their presence is merely a moderating, civilizing influence. They don't stop the bazaar from being a bazaar.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sanger (2006) ''The Citizendium FAQ'', retrieved from [http://www.citizendium.org/faq.html#editors http://www.citizendium.org/faq.html#editors] on May 7, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Article approval===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium requires that its finished articles be approved by experts familiar with the subject matter. Prior to approval, articles may be readily developed by any Citizendium participant. Upon approval, articles become the default article served to readers. Approved articles are not directly edited; instead, contributors are able to improve a draft version of the article.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Real names===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium requires, with limited exceptions, that authors and other participants use their real names. Sanger has stated that real names, in contrast to the [[pseudonyms]] common on Wikipedia, would add to the credibility and accuracy of Citizendium articles. Though the requirement for real names limits the level of participation (see Criticisms section), Citizendium officials believe that people act in a more responsible manner when their name is on the line. Accordingly, this policy seeks to foster a [[culture]] of accountability and professionalism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Project goals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Neutrality===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium has adopted a Neutrality Policy&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Neutrality_Policy|title=Neutrality Policy|date=09-05-2007|accessdate=09-05-2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; that is based on an early version of Wikipedia's neutrality policy (circa December 2001), which had been drafted by Sanger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Citizendium neutrality policy sets out the following outline for neutrality in encyclopedias:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Reduction of Bias: It is accepted that there are many different viewpoints of topics all around the world by different people, and as such there is no &amp;quot;Correct&amp;quot; viewpoint but &amp;quot;accurate&amp;quot; viewpoints.  In this sense it's the responsibility to provide comprehension and fairness to all topics and viewpoints regardless of personal belief or feelings.  Unfortunately it is impossible to reduce the amount of bias to zero, but the policy does indicate that recognition of bias is beneficial to the project.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Facts vs Opinion: The project has a responsibility to produce articles based on established and attributable fact.  However it also should be noted that while this dissuades opinion, the guidelines deem it not irresponsible to produce facts about ''all opinions on a subject'', provided they can be resourced, acknowledged, and attributed by fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Fairness and Sympathy: Every position must be represented as plausible. It is recommended that this be implemented by use of a consistently positive tone when representing viewpoints. Conceptually, it's suggested that it is unfair to highlight one viewpoint over another, exclusively represent one viewpoint, or to exclusively ''not'' represent one viewpoint. Omission of viewpoints can have the same effect as exclusivity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Responsibility===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Responsibility covers a broad scope within this project.  Not only do members have responsibilities to the project and its contributors, but they also are responsible for the content they produce. The project has created policy that determines it will maximize attribution, either to an author or a source.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, the Citizendium guidelines propose that editors and authors alike have a responsibility to the public at large.  It is the duty of all contributors at CZ to ensure that information on an article can be attributed to fact, and does not contain any questionable or unauthorized/copyrighted material, unless that required permission has been specifically granted for our use.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is also a great importance of projecting reliable information; if Citizendium articles are not accurate then how can the project be credible?  The goal is to create a &amp;quot;better free encyclopedia&amp;quot;, and its users and content should aim to fulfill that.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Should there be any incident of irresponsibility or abject behavior or content, CZ has processes and policies in place that are able to deal with these in the most professional manner available, and those should be exercised first to prevent user conflict and infighting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Family-friendliness===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Citizendium has several differences that separate it from Wikipedia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:We_aren%27t_Wikipedia|title=We aren't Wikipedia|date=23 April 2007|accessdate=09-05-2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the preceding [[CZ:We_aren%27t_Wikipedia|article]], there are several points that illustrate this aim:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* We will never have nearly as many articles about porn stars and sexual fetishes. We aim to be family-friendly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* We take defamation seriously. We believe defamation is a horrible thing, and we have zero tolerance for people playing fast and loose with people's reputations in their biography articles. This is why we have a [[CZ:Policy on Topic Informants|Policy on Topic Informants]] and a [[CZ:Topic Informant Workgroup|Topic Informant Workgroup]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* We expect professional behavior and have very low tolerance for disruption. Our Constabulary has some pretty firm rules which require professionalism. This means that not only do we have rules against personal attacks, blatant violations of the neutrality policy, and so forth, we actually enforce them. We enforce our rules by warnings (in most cases) followed by permanent bans, which can be rescinded only through appeal or application for reinstatement. We do not have &amp;quot;24 hour bans&amp;quot;, which do nothing but annoy and antagonize. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All of these serve to indicate that Citizendium does not wish to harbor content that is morally questionable, or allow disruptive or abusive behavior toward its contributors or against its own community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, there is a primer for those who have chosen to migrate from Wikipedia to Citizendium located [[CZ:Introduction_to_CZ_for_Wikipedians|here]]. A summarized version of the family-friendly policy can be found [[CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|here]]. It is CZ's aim to ensure that all articles about sexual topics will be scholarly and tactful, and none will contain graphic photos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Governance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Citizendium's Fundamental Policies&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citizendium.org/fundamentals.html|date=22 January 2007|title=Version 1.5|accessdate=09-05-2007}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; describes five guidelines for the governance of the project within its community. They are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* All contributors to the Citizendium must do so using their real names, unless special and unusual permission is granted by project management.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The Citizendium will be open to contribution by anyone (tentatively, &amp;quot;authors&amp;quot;) who is able to make a positive difference and who is willing to work collaboratively under the policies and management of the project. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The Citizendium will invite subject area experts to serve as editors.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The Citizendium will have a set of persons of mature judgment specially empowered to enforce rules, called (at least tentatively) &amp;quot;constables.&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* There will be a separation of powers: enforcement officials (&amp;quot;constables&amp;quot;) will not be able to make editorial decisions, and editors will not have the ability to enforce their own decisions, though they will be able to make recommendations. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The combination of these guidelines result in a project that while still existing as an &amp;quot;open system&amp;quot;, must have attribution, accuracy, and the unbridled freedom for subject matter experts to be a part of the project.  However, the problems of pre-existing systems have been acknowledged and solutions to those are qualified by responsible individuals not encompassed by total empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Online republic===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanger has said that he envisions Citizendium as a new sort of internet community, one that contains all the elements of a traditional democratic republic: a constitution, inclusive participatory governance, and an executive, legislative, and judicial branch.  A &amp;quot;constitutional convention&amp;quot;, has been proposed, and is under consideration for creation when there are sufficient stakeholders involved.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reception &amp;amp; criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On November 1st, 2007, Citizendium officially turned one-year old.  To celebrate its birthday, Sanger produced a press release that presented a narrative snapshot of the current state of the project, in terms of its progress and to debunk some myths about its status.  Also, a [[slashdot]] post was made to mark the occasion.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Related topics==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Larry Sanger]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Encyclopedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wiki]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Citizendium&amp;diff=393878</id>
		<title>Citizendium</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Citizendium&amp;diff=393878"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T14:59:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Citizendium''' is an alternative to [[Wikipedia]] made by Wikipedia founder [[Larry Sanger]] after he grew upset with the many [[Examples of Bias in Wikipedia|problems with Wikipedia]] including anonymous editing and a lack of respect for experts.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/2007-03-25-wikipedia-alternative_N.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.citizendium.org/faq.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The project went online in March 25, 2007 and has been growing since. &lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wiki]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Citizendium&amp;diff=393877</id>
		<title>Citizendium</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Citizendium&amp;diff=393877"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T14:59:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Citizendium''' is an alternative to [[Wikipedia]] made by Wikipedia founder [[Larry Sanger]] after he grew upset with the many [[Examples of Bias in Wikipedia|problems with Wikipedia]] including anonymous editing and a lack of respect for experts.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/2007-03-25-wikipedia-alternative_N.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.citizendium.org/faq.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The project went online in March 25, 2007 and has been growing since. &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Citizendium.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wiki]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Examples_of_Bias_in_Wikipedia&amp;diff=393839</id>
		<title>Examples of Bias in Wikipedia</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Examples_of_Bias_in_Wikipedia&amp;diff=393839"/>
		<updated>2008-02-24T13:20:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Agent007ravi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''The following is a growing list of examples of [[liberal bias]], [[deceit]], silly [[gossip]], and blatant errors on [[Wikipedia]]. [[Wikipedia]] has been called the ''[[National Enquirer]] of the [[Internet]]''''':&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;And in that respect Wikipedia is no better than the National Enquirer. We don't quote the National Enquirer on television (unless [it's] for a documentary on aliens or some other conspiracy theory) so why would we do for Wikipedia?&amp;quot; [http://conservativeeccentric.blogspot.com/2007/05/wussification-of-wikipedia.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Wikipedia_religion.png|thumb|right|500px|Graph showing the disproportionally large number of [[atheist]]s on Wikipedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
# On Feb. 19, 2008, an editor removed bias in the form of incorrect and misleading information&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The article incorrectly refers to the sticker as &amp;quot;creationist&amp;quot;, and claims that &amp;quot;Claiming that evolution is &amp;quot;only a theory&amp;quot; ... is a common creationist tactic.&amp;quot;, ignoring that the largest creationists groups specifically reject this tactic.[http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/2996/84/#just_theory]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; from the [[Wikipedia]] entry about evolution stickers in Cobb County, Georgia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selman_v._Cobb_County_School_District&amp;amp;diff=192393310&amp;amp;oldid=190591826&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The editor then predicted on [[Conservapedia]] that the [[liberal bias]] would inevitably be reinserted at Wikipedia, and it was: within 8 hours the liberal falsehoods and bias were reinserted by a &lt;br /&gt;
Wikipedian.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selman_v._Cobb_County_School_District&amp;amp;diff=next&amp;amp;oldid=192393310&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# The Administrators at Wikipedia abuse their position and ban people for no reason.&lt;br /&gt;
# The Sock puppet system is all messed up, because a wikipedian got banned for being innocent while admins thought he was sockpuppeting when he was not.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Agent007ravi&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]] allows hundreds of thousands of obscure and offensive entries, such as unsuccessful punk rock groups and silly television shows.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'oh Such as the entry on D'oh]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  But within hours [[liberals]] on [[Wikipedia]] completely deleted an informative and well-referenced entry about [[Hollywood Values]], in order to censor examples of how the [[liberal]] ideology harms people.  (This deletion occurred on Feb. 15, 2008; Wikipedia hides a record of its ideological deletions.)&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]] often smears [[conservatives]] with falsehoods, using references that do not support its claim.  For example, [[Wikipedia]] falsely claims that &amp;quot;children&amp;quot; wrote most of the initial entries on [[Conservapedia]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but [[Wikipedia]]'s references for that claim do not even mention &amp;quot;children&amp;quot;.  The average age of contributors on [[Conservapedia]] is likely older than on [[Wikipedia]], so its smear is particularly hypocritical.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[conservative]] [[Ron Paul]] smears him with unsubstantiated statements (newsletter &amp;quot;issues gave tactical advice to right-wing militia groups and advanced various conspiracy theories&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ron_Paul&amp;amp;oldid=183792833&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;), misleading attributions of statements (Paul renounced the statements in 2001), and an overall political hatchet job ... and then locks the page to prevent correction!&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The page was locked January 9th and remained locked indefinitely. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ron_Paul&amp;amp;action=history]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[Benazir Bhutto]] has nearly 8,000 words on all aspects of her life, and yet not one word acknowledging that she was [[pro-life]] and led the movement against the [[United Nations]]' creating a new international right to [[abortion]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Type in &amp;quot;[[conservative]]&amp;quot; on [[Wikipedia]] and you will be redirected to over 4500 words of confusion without any mention of [[marriage]], gun rights or personal accountability.  [[Wikipedia]] even claims that [[conservatives]] opposed to [[abortion]] are described as &amp;quot;anti-baby&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;anti-family&amp;quot;.  [[Wikipedia]] removed this bias only after it was identified here.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&amp;amp;diff=next&amp;amp;oldid=179870132&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# The [[Wikipedia]] entry on [[conservative]] [[Rick Scarborough]] falsely claims that he said that [[HPV]], a sexually transmitted disease, is [[God]]'s punishment for sexually active young women.  [[Wikipedia]] admits it has no support for this claim, yet has allowed the statement to remain in his entry for most of 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]] entries contain [[liberal]] claims followed by citations that do not actually support the claims.  For example, [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[Michael Farris]] states that it &amp;quot;was speculated that Farris' close connection to [[conservative]] leaders ... alienated some voters&amp;quot; in his campaign for lieutenant governor,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Farris&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but its citation for that [[liberal]] claim actually attributes his loss to his opponent's [[television]] ads that (falsely) claimed Farris wanted &amp;quot;to ban children's books such as 'The Wizard of Oz', 'Rumpelstiltskin,' and 'Cinderella'.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2519/is_n1_v15/ai_14891141&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Mathematicians]] on [[Wikipedia]] distort and exaggerate Wiles' proof of [[Fermat's Last Theorem]] by (i) concealing how it relied on the controversial [[Axiom of Choice]] and by (ii) omitting the widespread initial criticism of it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_last_theorem&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# In a typical example of [[placement bias]] on [[Wikipedia]], it claims in its first sentence that [[Matthew Shepard]] was murdered &amp;quot;because of his [[homosexuality]].&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Shepard&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Only  near the end of the entry does [[Wikipedia]] quote a 20/20 report and knowledgeable sources which provide persuasive evidence that the crime was caused by drugs, not hatred towards [[homosexuality]].&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]]'s pervasive anonymous editing vandalizes numerous [[conservative]] entries, such as that of [[pro-life]] scholar [[Mary Ann Glendon]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ann_Glendon&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; For nearly two weeks her entry on [[Wikipedia]] has featured the disrespectful and unsupported statement that &amp;quot;She is a notable pro-life feminist, and ''a fan of the Dropkick Murphys,&amp;quot; which is a punk rock group''. [[Liberal]] editors monitor anonymous editing, but often allow attempts to embarrass [[conservatives]] to remain for a long time.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]] allows countless entries flattering obscure [[liberals]], but lacks many entries about leading [[conservatives]]. For example, the [[Wikipedia]] entry on pro-life leader [[Judie Brown]] is nothing but a redirect&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judie_Brown&amp;amp;redirect=no&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; to an entry about an organization which barely mentions her.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Life_League&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]] lies to exaggerate the credentials of [[atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]], falsely claiming that Dawkins &amp;quot;was appointed Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In fact, [[Oxford]] recently confirmed that the &amp;quot;Charles Simonyi Professorship for the Public Understanding of Science has not as yet been filled, although it was established in 1995 by decree.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.conservapedia.com/Talk:Richard_Dawkins&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# The [[Good Friday Agreement]] is called precisely that by the [[BBC]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/northern_ireland/understanding/events/good_friday.stm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; the vast majority of sites on [[Google]], politicians and the public. But [[Wikipedia]], dominated by an &amp;quot;anti-Christian bias, does not like [[Christian]] names and it redirects that term to the less familiar &amp;quot;Belfast Agreement.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[Richard Sternberg]] has falsely stated that a journal &amp;quot;withdrew&amp;quot; a peer-reviewed [[Intelligent Design]] paper that he reviewed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Sternberg&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In fact, the journal never withdrew the paper.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on the [[Prodigal Son]] devotes more words to obscure rock band and [[liberal media]] references to it (e.g., &amp;quot;'The Prodigal Son' is the Season 2 opener of the TV series Miami Vice, although it has virtually nothing to do with the parable itself.&amp;quot;) than to the parable and its spiritual meaning.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]]'s [[gossip]] and policy in favor of edits by anonymous IP addresses struck again: for over two weeks the entry on former [[U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[Byron White]] stated he was the father of former Cowboy great Danny White.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Byron_White&amp;amp;diff=159734800&amp;amp;oldid=154431838&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The statement was utterly false, but misled everyone who read that.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.funtrivia.com/en/subtopics/Are-They-Related-213708.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Wikipedia]] displays pervasive bias in making [[liberal]] statements with citations that do not support the statements, as illustrated by its entry about [[Conservapedia]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Wikipedia]] states that &amp;quot;Conservapedia has asserted that Wikipedia is 'six times more liberal than the American public', a statistic which has been criticized for its poor extrapolation and lack of credibility.&amp;quot; But the two citations for this claim of &amp;quot;poor extrapolation and lack of credibility&amp;quot; are to articles that say nothing about extrapolation or credibility and instead tend to confirm the [[liberal bias]] on [[Wikipedia]].&lt;br /&gt;
# A user named [[Richard Dawkins]] apparently edited his own article on [[Wikipedia]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/RichardDawkins&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and even linked to a DVD being sold from his personal website. Illustrating [[Wikipedia]]'s favoritism towards [[liberals]], it took a long time (well over a year after he first edited his own article)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:RichardDawkins&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; for anybody to confront this well-known [[atheist]] for this conflict of interest, despite being against [[Wikipedia]]'s own rules.&lt;br /&gt;
# Arbitration Committee Chairman Fred Bauder told the Wikien-1 mailing list in regards to [[Michael Moore]], whose official website published attacks on a [[Wikipedia]] editor with an open invitation to vandalize [[Wikipedia]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Attack_sites/Evidence# Michael_Moore] and was proposed to be designated as an Attack site, &amp;quot;Obviously we need to make an exception for prominent people whose viewpoint we support. And by the way, I am not joking. Writing this down in black and white is important, if that is what we do in practice. And, if it not clear, I support him too, although I am not enamored of anyone's [[propaganda]]. Even that which supports my own position.&amp;quot; [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-October/082987.html] When asked, &amp;quot;How, then, is this remotely compatible with NPOV?&amp;quot;, the ArbCom chairman responded, &amp;quot;Not at all.&amp;quot; [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-October/082993.html] [[Wikipedia]]'s Neutral Point of View (NPOV), laid down by founder [[Jimbo Wales]] allegedly is &amp;quot;absolute and non-negotiable.&amp;quot;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view# _note-0] The editor Michaelmoore.com was urging its viewers to attack and harass is described as &amp;quot;a Fellow at the [[American Enterprise Institute]], a [[conservative]] [[think tank]].&amp;quot;[http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-October/083230.html] &lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]] heavily promotes [[liberals]] in inappropriate places. Go to Wikipedia's entry on ''[[Boy Scouts v. Dale]]'', a [[conservative]] [[Supreme Court]] decision, and for months you'd see a top-screen promotion for &amp;quot;gay/lesbian rights advocate&amp;quot; Evan Wolfson with a claim that he is &amp;quot;one of the '100 most influential people in the world.'&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boy_Scouts_of_America_v._Dale&amp;amp;oldid=152256885 (quoting a 2004 [[liberal]] list by Time magazine).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Wikipedia]] eventually removed that [[liberal]] promotion, but kept its inappropriate emphasis on this attorney who, by the way, lost this case.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boy_Scouts_of_America_v._Dale&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]] has once again deleted all content on the [[North American Union]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_american_union&amp;amp;redirect=no]. The old pages are inaccessible, and re-creation is blocked.&lt;br /&gt;
#  For a long time [[Wikipedia]] led with a falsehood in describing [[Conservapedia]]: &amp;quot;Conservapedia is a wiki-based web encyclopedia project with '''the stated purpose''' of creating an encyclopedia ... supportive of ... '''Young Earth creationism'''.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservapedia&amp;amp;oldid=160604712 (emphasis added).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That was defamatory in attempting to smear [[Conservapedia]] in front of [[Wikipedia]]'s [[evolutionist]] audience. [[Wikipedia]] also welcomes edits by anonymous IP addresses to the [[Conservapedia]] and other entries, resulting in frequent defamation.&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]] has a lengthy entry on &amp;quot;Jesus H. Christ,&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_H._Christ&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; a term that is an idiotic mockery of the [[Christian]] [[faith]]. [[Wikipedia]] calls the term &amp;quot;often humorous,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;joking&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;comedic&amp;quot;, and relishes in repeating disrespectful uses of the term, without admitting that the phrase is an anti-[[Christian]] mockery. Meanwhile, [[Wikipedia]] does not describe mockery of any other religion as &amp;quot;humorous&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
#  The [[Wikipedia]] article on [[Eritrea]] refuses to concede that [[Eritrea]] is a one-party state.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Another example of [[Wikipedia]] [[liberal bias]]: &amp;quot;Oh, they aren't really a dictatorship, their charter specifically denies it!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]] often inserts bias by downplaying a [[liberal]] outrage or fallacy amid thousands of words of nearly irrelevant information. For example, no one credibly disputes that [[liberals]] forced [[Larry Summers]] to resign as president of [[Harvard]] because he dared to suggest that the under-representation of women in math, science and engineering may be due to innate differences between women and men.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.davisenterprise.com/articles/2007/09/14/news/114new1.txt&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A19181-2005Jan18.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But the verbose entry for Larry Summers on [[Wikipedia]] implies that his obscure other positions were more important in causing his ouster.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Summers&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]] welcomes and allows edits by anonymous IP addresses, which results in rampant vandalism that is overwhelmingly [[liberal]]. Credible wikis, including [[Conservapedia]], do not permit editing by anonymous IP addresses.&lt;br /&gt;
#  For nearly two months, from at least as early as July 15 through September 9, 2007, [[Wikipedia]] classified its critics, including [[Conservapedia]], as &amp;quot;Fanatics and Special Interests.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Wikipedia&amp;amp;oldid=144741567# Fanatics_and_special_interests&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]] has two million entries, but not one for [[liberal]]. Users who go to that term are ''redirected'' to the Wikipedia entry on [[liberalism]] that conceals the [[liberal]] support of [[gun control]] and taxpayer funding of [[abortion]], and [[liberal]] censorship of [[prayer]] in [[public school]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberal&amp;amp;redirect=no&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]], its own entries (including talk pages) filled with smears and [[deceit]], features an entry on &amp;quot;deceit (album)&amp;quot; that gushes with a description of it as &amp;quot;austere, brilliant and indescribable&amp;quot; music that is &amp;quot;post-punk&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deceit_%28album%29&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The word &amp;quot;deceit&amp;quot; has no entry on [[Wikipedia]]. It was ''redirected'' to a different term having a different meaning, and then this redirect was changed 7 times in two days in response to this criticism here.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deceit&amp;amp;action=history&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Even now it lacks a clear definition and the numerous examples provided in the entry on [[deceit]] here.&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]] promotes suicide with 21,544 entries that mention this depravity, including many entries that feature it (Conservapedia will not provide citations to the more depraved entries on this subject at Wikipedia as Conservapedia affirms the [[Sanctity of Life|sanctity of life]]). For example, Wikipedia referred to it needlessly in the very first sentence of distinguished jurist Henry Friendly's entry,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Friendly&amp;amp;oldid=151873451&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and Wikipedia's entry about [[Zerah Colburn]] ended with a claim that his distant ''nephew'' committed suicide.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zerah_Colburn_%28math_prodigy%29&amp;amp;oldid=147253074&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; After this criticism appeared here, these two entries were fixed (and in the case of Friendly, reinstated before being fixed again); there has been no system-wide removal of this bias on [[Wikipedia]]. In yet another example, [[Wikipedia]] has an entry for &amp;quot;suicide by cop&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_cop&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; to discuss attacking a police officer to provoke a suicide, citing an unpublished PhD thesis at an obscure university.&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]] uses guilt-by-association far worse than [[Joseph McCarthy]] ever did. [[Wikipedia]] smears numerous persons and organizations by giving the false impression that they are associated with the [[John Birch Society]] (JBS). Examples have included:&lt;br /&gt;
#* pro-life Congressman [[Jerry Costello]], merely because JBS gave him a favorable rating&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Costello&amp;amp;oldid=142488803&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#* anti-communist Fred Schwarz, merely because JBS agreed with him&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Schwarz&amp;amp;oldid=143791808&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#* the conservative [[Association of American Physicians and Surgeons]], by repeating a '''40 year old''' newspaper claim that some of its leaders once belonged to the JBS&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_American_Physicians_and_Surgeons&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#* conservative baseball pitcher Dave Dravecky, a cancer survivor, merely because a newspaper claimed he once belonged to JBS&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave_Dravecky&amp;amp;oldid=155924640&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  In response to this criticism, Wikipedia removed ... only the smears against the more [[liberal]] targets, such as the ''[[Democrat]]'' [[Jerry Costello]], or the less influential entries, such as the deceased Fred Schwarz. Wikipedia left intact the smear against the most influential group. After removal of the smear against Costello, it was then was reinserted before being removed again.&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Wikipedia]]'s last sentence on [[Human Life International]] claimed that a killer &amp;quot;confessed that pamphets (sic) from the group led&amp;quot; him to kill. This is a complete lie designed to smear a [[conservative]] group. But this was approved by [[Wikipedia]] and remained for over a month.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Life_International&amp;amp;oldid=138698827] Only in response to Conservapedia's criticism was the smear removed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  A devastating critique of [[Wikipedia]] by [[Fox News]] describes the impact of [[Wikipedia]] smears on popular golfer Fuzzy Zoeller.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In addition to the [[Fox News]] report, numerous stories on the Internet describe the smears, which we will not repeat here. &amp;quot;The Wikipedia entry has since been cleansed of the remarks, first posted last August, then again in December before being removed January 2nd. However, several sites like Answers.com have copies of Wikipedia entries, and as of press time still had the defamatory content in place.&amp;quot;[http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2007/02/22/fuzzy-zoeller-incensed-over-wikipedia-edit]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Smears in [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[United States of America|U.S.]] Congressman Steve LaTourette were totally false.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.cleveland.com/news/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/news/1184402220217510.xml&amp;amp;coll=2&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;quot;[[Larry Sanger]], who founded [[Wikipedia]] in 2001 with [[Jimmy Wales]] only to leave shortly afterwards, said that even as far back as 2001 the [[Wikipedia]] community 'had no respect for experts.'&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.siliconrepublic.com/news/news.nv?storyid=single8794&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  The Wikipedia entry for [[homosexuality]] is adorned with the a rainbow graphic but fails to mention the following: the many [[disease]]s associated with homosexuality, the high promiscuity rates of the homosexuality community, the higher incidences of [[domestic violence]] among homosexual couples compared to heterosexual couples, and the substantially higher mental illness and drug usage rates of the homosexuality community. In addition, the Wikipedia article on homosexuality fails to mention that the American Psychiatric Association issued a fact sheet in May of 2000 stating that &amp;quot;..there are no replicated scientific studies supporting a specific biological etiology for homosexuality.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.cwfa.org/images/content/bornorbred.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Wikipedia's article on [[atheism]] fails to mention that [[United States|American]] atheists give significantly less to charity than American [[Theism|theists]] on a [[Per Capita|per capita]] basis.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Wikipedia's article on atheism also fails to mention that [[Christianity and Science|Christianity and not atheism was foundational in regards to the development of modern science]]. Wikipedia's article attempts to associate atheism with scientific progress.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikpedia's entry on [[liberal]] former Vice President [[Al Gore]] contains no mention of the drug charges against his son.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But Wikipedia's entry on [[conservative]] Vice President [[Dick Cheney]] prominently mentions his adult daughter's sexuality.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry for seven weeks about [[Thad Cochran]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thad_Cochran&amp;amp;oldid=135420256 (revised only after being exposed on Conservapedia, but then the smear was reinserted again before being removed again)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; a conservative Republican member of the [[U.S. Senate]], smeared him with an offensive, unsupported quotation not of Cochran, but of a Democratic Mississippi governor for whom Cochran's mother campaigned when Cochran was age 14. The unsupported quote was never spoken or endorsed by Cochran, but Wikipedia featured it near the top of Cochran's entry to mislead the reader into thinking Cochran is somehow a racist.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia smears prominent [[Conservative Christianity|Christian conservatives]], including [[James Dobson]] and [[D. James Kennedy]], with an allegation that they are part of a grand scheme Wikipedia calls &amp;quot;Dominionism&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominionism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The term was made up by [[liberals]] and this conspiracy theory has no factual basis, but Wikipedia smears these [[conservatives]] with elaborate templates in their own entries depicting them as part of this fictional scheme.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;See, e.g., [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._James_Kennedy D. James Kennedy]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This edit [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Forum&amp;amp;curid=3647552&amp;amp;diff=165330150&amp;amp;oldid=165044484] calls Eagle Forum dominionist, even though there is not even any source that says so.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry about the anti-[[Christian]] and anti-[[Semitic]] [[H.L. Mencken]] praises him profusely because he, Wikipedia's words, &amp;quot;notably assaulted America's preoccupation with [[Christian fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] [[Christianity]].&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mencken&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; After 3,500 words of adulation, Wikipedia then buries a concession that Mencken &amp;quot;has been referred to as anti-Semitic and misogynistic.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''Ibid.''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Wikipedians like Mencken's hostility to religion too much to admit that his biographer (Terry Teachout) and his close Jewish friend (Charles Angoff) described him as racist and anti-Semitic.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://cjrarchives.org/issues/2003/1/mencken-payne.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entries about the 2007 Masters&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Masters_Tournament&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and its champion [[Zach Johnson]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zach_Johnson&amp;amp;oldid=154500732&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; who won an upset come-from-behind victory against Tiger Woods, omitted any reference to Johnson's public statements crediting his [[faith]] in [[Jesus Christ]] for strengthening him as he overcame enormous odds to prevail. Months later, after criticism here, Johnson's attibution to [[Jesus Christ]] was included, but with the [[Wikipedia]] trick of placing it late in a wordy entry so that few are likely to see it, and even then with a silly &amp;quot;citation needed&amp;quot; to suggest that the quote may not be true.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach_Johnson&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia asserts that &amp;quot;One 1987 estimate found that more than 99.84% of almost 500,000 US scientists in the earth and life sciences supported evolution over creation science.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_support_for_evolution&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This statement is false, but Wikipedians won't correct it and it has been repeated thousands of times by other [[liberals]] in reliance on Wikipedia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070519145312AACvfJA&amp;amp;show=7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Talk:Main Page]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The truth is that 700 scientists signed a statement rejecting evolution, but evolutionists then made the illogical claim that every other scientist must support evolution.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;By one count there are some 700 scientists (out of a total of 480,000 U.S. earth and life scientists) who give credence to creation-science, the general theory that complex life forms did not evolve but appeared 'abruptly'.&amp;quot; Martz, Larry &amp;amp; Ann McDaniel (1987-06-29), &amp;quot;Keeping God out of the Classroom (Washington and bureau reports)&amp;quot;, Newsweek CIX(26): 23-24, ISSN 0028-9604&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Under that reasoning, if 1000 persons signed a statement opposing President [[George W. Bush]], then nearly 300 million Americans must support him! Funny how Wikipedia does not claim that.&lt;br /&gt;
#  The 5,400-word Wikipedia entry on The John Birch Society&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_John_Birch_Society&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; attempts to smear unrelated [[conservatives]] who had nothing to do with the society, simply by calling them &amp;quot;allies&amp;quot;. Under that reasoning [[Ronald Reagan]], [[Pope John Paul II]], and [[George W. Bush]] should also be in that entry! And this is by a resource that criticizes [[McCarthyism]]???&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia has a substantial anti-intellectual element, as reflected by silly administrator names and nonsensical entries. Check out Wikipedia's entry for &amp;quot;duh&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Duh is an American English slang exclamation that is used to express disdain for someone missing the obviousness of something. For example, if one read a headline saying 'Scientific study proves pain really does hurt' or 'New reports show death is bad for one's health', the response might be 'Well, duh!'&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duh&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; How about a new slogan: ''Wikipedia: well, duh!''&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia recently moved further away from Judaeo-Christian beliefs by complaining that &amp;quot;[t]he average Wikipedian ... is from a predominantly Christian country&amp;quot; and that Wikipedia was built on Christian encyclopedias and &amp;quot;the Jewish Encyclopedia.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias (later &amp;quot;predominantly Christian&amp;quot; was changed to &amp;quot;nominally Christian&amp;quot;)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the same time, Wikipedia complains about the &amp;quot;enormous significance&amp;quot; given by entries to &amp;quot;Al-Qaeda attacks on the U.S., UK and Spain, killing slightly over 3,000 people.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''Ibid.''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia has a banner to criticize an American treatment of a topic: &amp;quot;The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_finance&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;quot;A worldwide view&amp;quot; is fictional [[liberal]] terminology for [[globalists]].&lt;br /&gt;
#  Though Wikipedia is non-profit, the Wikia project of its co-founder is very much for-profit and has raised millions of dollars in investments. Already Wikipedia has been criticized for favoring Wikia. When Wikipedia community voted 61-39% percent to treat all links to other sites equally by removing nofollow (Google-ignored) tags for all of them, the Wikipedia co-founder overruled this decision and Wikipedia now favors Wikia in its treatment of nofollow tags.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/04/28/wikipedia-special-treatment-for-wikia-and-other-wikis/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia is sympathetic to Fidel Castro in its entry about Cuba.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Wikipedia blames President Dwight Eisenhower for choosing &amp;quot;to attend a golf tournament&amp;quot; rather than meet the revolutionary Castro in 1959, and then Wikipedia claims that Castro became a communist because of the American-backed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. Conservapedia tells the truth up-front: &amp;quot;Cuba has been ruled by a communist dictator named Fidel Castro since 1959.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Cuba]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Often Wikipedia's biased assertions are unsupported by its citations. For example, the Wikipedia entry about Conservapedia states that it &amp;quot;has come under significant criticism for alleged factual inaccuracies.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But check out Wikipedia's cited source for that statement: its citation does not identify a single factual inaccuracy on Conservapedia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/index.php?id=1910&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Thus Wikipedia relies on a factual inaccuracy to accuse someone else of factual inaccuracies!&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Liberal]] icon [[Bertrand Russell]] receives glowing adoration on Wikipedia, which calls him &amp;quot;a prophet of the creative and rational life,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;one of the world's best-known intellectuals&amp;quot; whose &amp;quot;voice carried great moral authority, even into his mid 90s.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; After 7,700 words about [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Wikipedia]] finally mentions Russell's support of the communist revolution, but pretends that Russell quickly opposed it. Instead, Russell wrote that &amp;quot;I believe that [[Communism]] is necessary to the world, and I believe ... Bolshevism deserves the gratitude and admiration of all the progressive part of mankind.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Bertrand Russell]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  [[Conservapedia]] allows greater and easier copying of its materials than [[Wikipedia]] does, but Wikipedia's entry about [[Conservapedia]] claims that its policy &amp;quot;has led to some concerns.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; And who supposedly had these concerns? In Wikipedia's citation, it was only the founder of Wikipedia in trying to find a way to criticize Conservapedia!&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/190501&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  April 24th was the anniversary of [[Operation Eagle Claw]], which was President [[Jimmy Carter]]'s failed attempt to rescue American hostages in Iran. The Conservapedia [[Operation Eagle Claw|entry]] explains Carter's political motivation for this. But the Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw entry] omits Carter's political motivation and instead implies that this bad luck cost Carter the election.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wikipedia states, &amp;quot;The operation was a failure, and had a severe impact on U.S. President Jimmy Carter's re-election prospects ....&amp;quot;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw entry]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In fact, Newsweek did not even mention this after July 14th, and Reagan beat Carter for reasons other than bad luck. &lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry on James Monroe&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; omits any mention of how he was a conservative and omits Monroe's veto of a key appropriation on the Cumberland Road Bill, when Monroe stated that &amp;quot;congress does not possess the power under the constitution to pass such a law.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[James Monroe]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Polls show that about twice as many Americans identify themselves as &amp;quot;conservative&amp;quot; compared with &amp;quot;liberal&amp;quot;, and that ratio has been increasing for two decades.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=444&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But on Wikipedia, about three times as many editors identify themselves as &amp;quot;liberal&amp;quot; compared with &amp;quot;conservative&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Compare [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Liberal_Wikipedians Liberal Wikipedians] with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conservative_Wikipedians Conservative Wikipedians]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That suggests '''Wikipedia is six times more liberal than the American public'''.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Liberal bias&amp;quot; can be defined as the ratio of liberals to conservatives in a group, such that no liberals would equate to zero liberal bias. Wikipedia's ratio of 3:1 for liberals to conservatives is six times the ratio in the American public of 1:2 for liberals to conservatives.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; See also [[liberal quotient]].&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia awarded &amp;quot;good article&amp;quot; status&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; to a biased description of liberal Balboa High School, saying it has &amp;quot;a progressively nurturing environment&amp;quot; undergoing &amp;quot;a steady renaissance marked by academic innovation.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balboa_High_School_%28San_Francisco%29&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Nowhere in Wikipedia's 4,468-word description does it admit that half the 9th graders lacked proficiency on a statewide English test.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Jill Tucker, &amp;quot;Student Successes Defy Urban Trends,&amp;quot; San Francisco Chronicle (Aug. 16, 2006).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Instead, Wikipedia editors apparently like how this public school converted its metal shop into a sex-based &amp;quot;health&amp;quot; clinic. &lt;br /&gt;
#  One can confirm that sex-related entries are attracting many to Wikipedia, including young viewers, by viewing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics Wikipedia statistics]. But Wikipedia gives no specific warning to parents or viewers about the pornographic images on popular pages, and Wikipedia would probably be disabled in many homes and schools if a proper warning were given.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wikipedia merely has a general disclaimer that avoids any reference to its sexual images, pornography, and adult content.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_disclaimer]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry on the &amp;quot;Palestinian People&amp;quot; omits any mention of terrorism.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_people (the entry also contained an unjustified picture of children for sympathy purposes, but that was removed after criticism here)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Click on the PLO and you'll find no discussion of its connection to the massacre of innocent athletes at the 1972 Olympics in Munich.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Israel News Agency reports:&lt;br /&gt;
#: No where will you ever find Al-Qaeda, Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Hezbollah described as terror organizations by Wikipedia. Wikipedia will quote the US State Department or the United Nations Security Council as saying that they are terror groups, but Wikipedia itself will only describe these organizations as &amp;quot;militants.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia features an entry on &amp;quot;anti-racist mathematics&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;emphasizes the sociocultural context of mathematics education and suggests that the study of mathematics (as it is traditionally known in western societies) does exhibit racial or cultural bias.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-racist_mathematics&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
#  In the mid-20th century, a Soviet encyclopedia contained the assertion that Jesus was a myth.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.bede.org.uk/books,jmyth.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Wikipedia's entry on [[Jesus]] has the following: &amp;quot;A small number of scholars and authors question the historical existence of Jesus, with some arguing for a completely mythological Jesus.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But no credible historian makes such a claim.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry for the [[Renaissance]] denies any credit to Christianity, its primary inspiration.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wikipedia has since updated its entry with a backhanded reference to Christianity, but even then not for inspiring the Renaissance but rather for providing subject matter for the works.[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renaissance&amp;amp;oldid=138439803]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  About 60% of Americans accept the account of the Great Flood in the [[Bible]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.washtimes.com/national/20040216-113955-2061r.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But enter &amp;quot;Great Flood&amp;quot; into Wikipedia and it automatically converts that to an entry entitled &amp;quot;Deluge (mythology).&amp;quot; That entry then uses &amp;quot;myth&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;mythology&amp;quot; nearly 70 times in its description.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Flood&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Its entry on &amp;quot;Noah's Ark&amp;quot; is just as biased.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia editors are about 4 times as atheistic or non-religious as the American public. In a Newsweek poll in 2006, 92% of Americans said they believed in God and only 8% said they did not believe in God or didn't know. But among Wikipedia editors responding to a request for identification of beliefs, 35% described themselves in the categories of &amp;quot;No religion, atheist, agnostic, humanist, secular, other.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikimedians_by_religion&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry on [[abortion]] reads like a brochure for the abortion industry. Wikipedia denies and omits the results of 16 out of 17 statistically significant studies showing increased risk of breast cancer from abortion.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.jpands.org/vol8no2/malec.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Wikipedia's entry also omits the evidence of abortion causing increased premature birth of subsequent children.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.jpands.org/vol8no2/rooney.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Instead of providing these facts, Wikipedia blames women by declaring that &amp;quot;breast cancer elicits disproportionate fear in women&amp;quot;!&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion-breast_cancer_hypothesis&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  The Wikipedia entry for the [[Voting Rights Act]] contained (as of March 9-10) a call to participate in a political march to establish congressional representation for D.C.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voting_Rights_Act&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This is a longtime liberal cause prohibited by the [[U.S. Constitution]]. A conservative entry like that would be deleted by Wikipedia editors within minutes, but that entry remained until after it was criticized here.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Initially a Wikipedia admin named &amp;quot;Nearly Headless Nick&amp;quot; deleted, without explaining his decision, an entry about Conservapedia. Later, in response to publicity, Wikipedia posted a new entry about Conservapedia. Wikipedia's entry is filled with obvious bias, numerous errors, out-of-date citations, and self-serving false statements.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; For example, the Wikipedia entry made the absurd claim that Conservapedia says the &amp;quot;General Theory of Relativity&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;nothing to do with physics.&amp;quot; Wikipedia's claim was completely false and unsupported by its citations. After this example was posted here, Wikipedia removed its error but has left other false and outdated claims in its entry, reflecting Wikipedia's pervasive bias.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry for conservative physicist [[Edward Teller]] promotes the liberal attempt to blame him for the government taking away the security clearance of [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]. Teller testified, &amp;quot;If it is a question of wisdom and judgment, as demonstrated by actions since 1945, then I would say one would be wiser not to grant clearance.&amp;quot; Wikipedia first called this statement &amp;quot;damning&amp;quot;, and after criticism here replaced its term with &amp;quot;problematic&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Teller&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In light of how multiple spies leaked secrets under Oppenheimer's supervision in the [[Manhattan Project]] and spying even worsened afterwards, Wikipedia's spin on Teller's statement is unjustified bias.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry for the [[Association of American Physicians and Surgeons]], a conservative group, features a rant against the group by a British journalist who was a former press officer for the leftist Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_of_American_Physicians_and_Surgeons&amp;amp;oldid=107830399 The version] criticized above; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Association_of_American_Physicians_and_Surgeons the note] left by dpbsmith on the article's discussion page; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_American_Physicians_and_Surgeons current version].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The only cited credential for the journalist is that he works for a television &amp;quot;programme-production company,&amp;quot; and there is no citation for any of the factual claims in his intemperate and misleading description of the group, which were prompted by an independent criticism in England of the journalist's own work. After receiving a complaint about this, Wikipedia trimmed this rant but still kept most of it, reflecting Wikipedia's bias. Preserving this unpublished diatribe is against Wikipedia policy (e.g., NPOV), but it Wikipedia administrators insist on keeping it. Wikipedia's entry also features another liberal journalist's swipe at AAPS from ... 40 years ago!&lt;br /&gt;
#  There is a strong anti-American and anti-capitalism bias on Wikipedia. In its description of the post-war [[Bell Trade Act]] of 1946, in which the United States gave the Philippines $800 million in exchange for some free trade provisions, Wikipedia omits any mention of the $800 million dollars and instead lambasts the &amp;quot;wrath of Father Capitalism.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;This phrase was removed from Wikipedia only after this criticism was posted here. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Trade_Act&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The agreement was approved by popular vote on the Philippines, but the Wikipedia article omits that fact also.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia distorts the youthful acceptance of [[deism]] by [[Benjamin Franklin]] by never acknowledging that he later abandoned it. Wikipedia fails to admit the significance of how Franklin, near the end of his life, proposed the saying of prayers at the [[Constitutional Convention]] for divine intervention and assistance in the proceedings,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Deist_thinkers&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; an act contrary to the teachings of deism. Wikipedia also omits any acknowledgment of Franklin's praise of ''[[Pilgrim's Progress]]'' in his autobiography.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry on the Intelligent Design court decision in ''Dover''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitzmiller_v._Dover_Area_School_District&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; distorts and omits the key facts that (i) the judge awarded over $2 million in attorneys fees to the [[ACLU]]'s side (not $1 million), (ii) the judge copied over 90% of his opinion from the [[ACLU]]'s briefs,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''Id.''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and (iii) his opinion relied heavily on another decision that was subsequently reversed on appeal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''Id.''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Gossip is pervasive on Wikipedia. Many entries read like the [[National Enquirer]]. For example, Wikipedia's entry, &amp;quot;Nina Totenberg&amp;quot;, states, &amp;quot;She remarried in 2000 to Dr. H. David Reines, a trauma surgeon and vice chairman of surgery at Inova Fairfax Hospital. On their honeymoon, he treated her for severe injuries after she was hit by a boat propeller while swimming.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nina_Totenberg&amp;amp;oldid=171577028 Nina Totenberg - Wikipedia]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That sounds just like the National Enquirer, and reflects a bias towards gossip. Conservapedia avoids gossip and vulgarity, just as a true encyclopedia does.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Edits to include facts against [[Theory of Evolution|the theory of evolution]] are almost immediately censored. On Conservapedia, contributions that meet simple [[The Conservapedia Commandments|rules]] are respected to the maximum extent possible.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia has as its official policy the following: &amp;quot;If we are going to characterize disputes neutrally, we should present competing views with a consistently fair and sensitive tone.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Yet what does Wikipedia do in relation to its article on [[Young Earth Creationism]]? It currently offers an article on the topic under the category &amp;quot;Pseudoscience&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Earth_creationism Young Earth creationism - Wikipedia]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; What reputable encyclopedia uses such a non-encyclopedic tone for an article in regards to creationism? The log on the article shows that Wikipedia has a history of using the pejorative term &amp;quot;pseudoscience&amp;quot; to disparage young earth creationism.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_Earth_creationism&amp;amp;action=history&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia removed and permanently blocked a page identifying its many biases. Wikipedia omits any meaningful reference to political bias in its 7000-word entry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia Criticism of Wikipedia].&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia claims about 1.8 million articles, but what it does not say is that a large number of those articles have zero educational value. For example, Wikipedia has 1075 separate articles about &amp;quot;Moby&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;song&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Simply search &amp;quot;Moby&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;song&amp;quot; together on Wikipedia.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Many hundreds of thousands of Wikipedia articles -- perhaps over half its website -- are about music, Hollywood, and other topics beneath a regular encyclopedia. This reflects a bias towards popular gossip rather than helpful or enlightening information.&lt;br /&gt;
#  The Wikipedia entry for [[John Peter Zenger]] links to an incorrect Wikipedia definition of &amp;quot;Philadelphia lawyer,&amp;quot; which Merriam-Webster defines as a lawyer knowledgeable in &amp;quot;even the most minute aspects of the law.&amp;quot; Wikipedia claims the term comes from the Zenger trial, but Merriam-Webster puts the first use of that term at over 50 years later. Wikipedia is simply unreliable. &lt;br /&gt;
#  Often key facts are missing from Wikipedia entries in favor of meaningless detail. Wikipedia's entry about [[Indentured Servitude]] is massive, but it omitted any reference to [[Bacon's Rebellion]], which was the turning point for the use of indentured servants in the New World! Finally, weeks after this glaring omission was noted here, Wikipedia added one line to its entry: &amp;quot;Indentured servants in Virginia supported Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indentured_servant&amp;amp;diff=115675763&amp;amp;oldid=113879992&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Unlike most encyclopedias and news outlets, Wikipedia does not exert any centralized authority to take steps to reduce bias or provide balance; it has a &amp;quot;neutral point of view&amp;quot; policy but the policy is followed only to the extent that individual editors acting in social groups choose to follow it. For example, CNN would ensure that Crossfire had a representative of the political right and one from the political left. In contrast, Wikipedia policy allows bias to exist and worsen. For example, even though most Americans reject the theory of evolution,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.religioustolerance.org/ev_publi.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Wikipedia editors commenting on the topic are nearly 100% pro-evolution.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Evolution Talk:Evolution - Wikipedia]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Self-selection has a tendency to exacerbate bias, as in mobs, where there are no restraints. [[Gresham's Law]] reflects the problem in economics of bad money driving out good in the absence of corrective action. As a result, Wikipedia is arguably more biased than CNN and other information sources.&lt;br /&gt;
#: The above paragraph was posted on the Wikipedia entry for &amp;quot;Wikipedia&amp;quot;, under bias, but its editors then illustrated their bias by replacing the above with this: &amp;quot;Ojective [sic], or neutrally biased, articles present different opinions as equally legitimate regardless of validity, while unbiased articles focus on accuracy and validity. For example, the evolution article is not objective because it does not present creationism, a counter argument to evolution, as a valid scientific theory. However, this does not make the article biased because evolution is an accepted scientific theory. CNN's Crossfire, on the other hand, was considered objective ... because it had representatives from the political right from the political left.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia has many entries on mathematical concepts, but lacked any entry on the basic concept of an [[elementary proof]] until this omission was pointed out here.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_proof&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Elementary proofs require a rigor lacking in many mathematical claims promoted on Wikipedia.&lt;br /&gt;
#  The Wikipedia entry for the [[Piltdown Man]] omits many key facts, such as how it was taught in schools for an entire generation and how the dating methodology used by evolutionists is fraudulent.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia allows the use of B.C.E. instead of B.C. and C.E. instead of A.D. The dates are based on the birth of [[Jesus]], so why pretend otherwise? Conservapedia gives the credit due to Christianity and exposes the [[CE]] deception.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's article on [[Feudalism]] is limited to feudalism in Europe and did not mention the feudal systems that developed independently in Japan and India until this defect was described here.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's article on the longest-serving and most powerful Maryland official in its history, [[William Donald Schaefer]], contains about 1900 words, but over two-thirds of those words (1400/1900) are devoted to silly gossip, outright vulgarity and National Enquirer-type material.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Donald_Schaefer&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; 406 words, which is over 20% of the entire entry, is devoted to a silly dispute Schaefer had one day with the local newspaper!&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's article about the late Senator John Tower includes a mean-spirited story whose only point seems to be to indicate the degree of his ex-wife's bitterness toward him. The article spells his wife's name incorrectly, and cites no source for the item. The item has been in that state since it was first inserted in May 2006.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Tower&amp;amp;oldid=101859325 John Tower], revision as of Jan 25&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; No real encyclopedia would print such silly gossip.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry for the [[National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act]] (NCVIA) reads like an advertisement for vaccine manufacturers, including unsupported and implausible claims about vaccination.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Childhood_Vaccine_Injury_Act&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Unsupported claims featured there include &amp;quot;Vaccine makers indicated they would cease production if their proposal for the NCVIA was not enacted&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;concern that the NCVIA may not provide an adequate legal shield.&amp;quot; Wikipedia's entry omits references to leading pro-parent websites concerning vaccination,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.909shot.com/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and instead Wikipedia's entry lists pro-government and pro-vaccine-manufacturer websites. Wikipedia's entry even includes this entire paragraph, which is unsupported and is little more than an advertisement for drug companies:&lt;br /&gt;
#: Public health safety, according to backers of the legislation, depends upon the financial viability of pharmaceutical companies, whose ability to produce sufficient supplies in a timely manner could be imperiled by civil litigation on behalf of vaccine injury victims that was mounting rapidly at the time of its passage. Vaccination against infectious illnesses provides protection against contagious diseases and afflictions which may cause permanent disability or even death. Vaccines have reduced morbidity caused by infectious disease; e.g., in the case of smallpox, mass vaccination programs have eradicated a once life-threatening illness.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia displays an obsession with English social distinctions, such as obscure royalty, and with unexplained academic distinctions earned in the English college system, such as references to &amp;quot;double first degree.&amp;quot; The entry on [[Henry Liddell]] illustrates this extreme form of Anglophilia that characterizes many entries in Wikipedia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Liddell&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; That entry fails to tell us when Liddell was dean of Christ Church, Oxford and has a grammatical error in its first sentence, yet describes in painstaking detail four obscure royal titles for Liddell's relatives and his &amp;quot;double first degree&amp;quot; in college. The casual reader of that entry wouldn't even notice a buried reference (well after a description of all the royal lineage) to Liddell's primary claim to fame: his daughter Alice inspired [[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]. The arcane English descriptions in many Wikipedia entries may be due to its copying, verbatim, passages from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. This copying was not disclosed in the debate in late 2005 about whether Wikipedia was as reliable a resource as the Encyclopedia Britannica.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://news.com.com/Study+Wikipedia+as+accurate+as+Britannica/2100-1038_3-5997332.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Robert McHenry, former Editor-in-Chief for the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', wrote about Wikipedia's bias and included this observation:&lt;br /&gt;
#: &amp;quot;One simple fact that must be accepted as the basis for any intellectual work is that truth – whatever definition of that word you may subscribe to – is not democratically determined.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.opendemocracy.net/media-edemocracy/wikipedia_bias_3621.jsp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Bob Schmidt observed on the ''Illinois Review'':&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://illinoisreview.typepad.com/illinoisreview/2007/01/conservapedia_w.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#: I just spent some time in Wikipedia checking if my recollections of its bias are correct. The bias is much worse than I had remembered.&lt;br /&gt;
#: I looked only at topics on business and information technology. Clearly there are enthusiasts for certain vendors who are spending a large portion of their time hyping technology in a way that makes their vendor look good in comparison to other vendors.&lt;br /&gt;
#: They will set up a set of criteria for the definition of a product that their product will meet. They conveniently omit from the criteria anything that would detract from their favorite.&lt;br /&gt;
#: In short, Wikipedia is not objective. It is accurate only within its selective use of facts that are convenient to promote a predetermined outcome.&lt;br /&gt;
#: Even for just one area of knowledge, it would take a major time consuming effort for a person or group to have an impact on reducing the bias and improving the accuracy of the entries.&lt;br /&gt;
#  Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedia, admitted the following understated bias in an interview in 2006:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2006/04/email_debatewales_discusses_po.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#: &amp;quot;I would say that the Wikipedia community is slightly more liberal than the U.S. population on average, because we are global and the international community of English speakers is slightly more liberal than the U.S. population. There are no data or surveys to back that.&amp;quot; [Conservapedia editor: why not? Wales admitted that only about 615 editors are responsible for over 50% of the edits on Wikipedia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/02/12/bias_sabotage_haunt_wikipedias_free_world/?page=2&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Why doesn't Wikipedia survey these editors? Is this deliberate indifference to bias?]&lt;br /&gt;
#  Many people know how a prominent Tennessee journalist [[John Lawrence Seigenthaler]] was defamed for four months on Wikipedia before it was corrected. He described and criticized this in ''USA Today'', concluding with the following:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2005-11-29-wikipedia-edit_x.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
#: When I was a child, my mother lectured me on the evils of &amp;quot;gossip.&amp;quot; She held a feather pillow and said, &amp;quot;If I tear this open, the feathers will fly to the four winds, and I could never get them back in the pillow. That's how it is when you spread mean things about people.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# What most people don't know is how many Wikipedia editors savaged [[Seigenthaler]] ''afterwards'' on a Wikipedia talk page for publicly criticizing the falsehoods about him:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/02/12/bias_sabotage_haunt_wikipedias_free_world/?page=3&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#: &amp;quot;Mr. [[Seigenthaler]]'s attitude and actions are reprehensible and ill-formed,&amp;quot; said one typical comment. &amp;quot;[He] has the responsibility to learn about his own name and how it is being applied and used, as any celebrity does on the Internet and the world-at-large. Besides, if there is an error whether large or small, he can correct it on Wikipedia. Everyone fails to understand that logic.&amp;quot; Another wrote: &amp;quot;Rather than fixing the article himself, he made a legal threat. He's causing Wikipedia a lot of trouble, on purpose.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#  The co-founder of Wikipedia, Larry Sanger, described &amp;quot;serious and endemic problems&amp;quot; in Wikipedia in a document entitled &amp;quot;Toward a Compendium of Knowledge&amp;quot; (Sept. 2006). Sanger observed that Wikipedia editors do not enforce their own rules consistently or effectively and that it has become an &amp;quot;arguably dysfunctional community&amp;quot; unattractive to traditional experts. Sanger declared the Wikipedia community's response to the Seigenthaler incident to be &amp;quot;completely unacceptable.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's errors spill undetected into newspapers. A Wikipedia entry falsely stated that Rutgers was once invited to join the Ivy League. Although that false statement was eventually removed from Wikipedia, it was not removed before the ''Daily News'' relied on it in this story:&lt;br /&gt;
#: &amp;quot;You don't have to define your college with your football team, but Rutgers long ago decided to give it a try. Back in 1954, when it was considered a 'public Ivy,' Rutgers might have joined the fledgling Ivy League and altered its destiny. But the school declined the offer - arguably the dumbest mistake in its history. Ever since then, Rutgers has scrambled to prove itself worthy of playing football with the big boys.&amp;quot; — Bondy, Filip. &amp;quot;They Can Finally Say They Belong Here&amp;quot;, New York Daily News, 2006-11-10, p. 92. Retrieved on 2006-12-13. &lt;br /&gt;
#  Wikipedia's entry for [[Johnny Appleseed]], a Christian folk hero, omits a discussion of his strong faith and instead features baseless speculation about his health, a year of death different from that of his obituary, and a silly story designed to make a Christian preacher look foolish.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Appleseed&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#  In an example of pro-homosexuality bias, the category allowing users to self identify as Heterosexual was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categories_for_discussion/Archive/June_2007# Category:Heterosexual_Wikipedians deleted] because it served no useful purpose, yet the exact same category for Homosexuals was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categories_for_discussion/Archive/July_2007# Category:Gay_Wikipedians kept]. &lt;br /&gt;
# Wikipedia has refused to have an article on [[Sudden Jihad Syndrome]] despite a term discussed by multiple commentator including [[neoconservative]] academic [[Daniel Pipes]] and a column in the [[Washington Times]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nysun.com/article/29080&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;amp;page=Sudden+Jihad+Syndrome&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.thecourier.com/opinion/editoral/ar_ED_021607.asp&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Sudden_Jihad_Syndrome&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Sudden_jihad_syndrome&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://washingtontimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080102/NATION/203823370/1001&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and even refused to let an editor work on a draft for a rewrite of the article.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/User:CltFn/Sudden_Jihad_Syndrome&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#Wikipedia's article on Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign makes no mention of her endorsement by the leadership of the terrorist group Hamas,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=58699&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but lists endorsements of Republican presidential candidates by the Ku Klux Klan.&lt;br /&gt;
#Wikipedia's entry for &amp;quot;Right to bear arms&amp;quot; mentions the discrepancies many have with the interpretation of the phrase. They begin by labeling the first section &amp;quot;Military service ''definition''&amp;quot; and go on to explain how the words &amp;quot;bear arms&amp;quot; had a different meaning a couple hundred years ago in European countries. After the 7 paragraph section that has little relation with the Second Amendment of the ''United States'', Wikipedia offers 2 paragraphs that talks about the &amp;quot;Insurrectionary ''Theory''&amp;quot;. First thing, they call people that adhere to this concept &amp;quot;extremists&amp;quot; and attempt to prove why this viewpoint is false. The criticism was strangely missing from the military service section. So, in short, Wikipedia believes that the faultless, liberal &amp;quot;definition&amp;quot; is true and the sketchy, extremist, conservative &amp;quot;theory&amp;quot; is false.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms#Military_service_definition&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms#Insurrectionary_theory&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#Wikipedia is sexist? Definitions of antonym words don't match up:  &lt;br /&gt;
## '''Matriarchy''' is a term, which is applied to gynocentric form of society, in which the leading role is with the female and especially with the mothers of a community.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matriarchy&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
## '''Patriarchy''' describes a social structure where the actions and ideas of men and boys are dominant over those of women and girls.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchy&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; --[[User:EternalEntropy|EternalEntropy]] 17:03, 20 February 2008 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Guidelines for inclusion''':&lt;br /&gt;
* Each entry must include a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;diff&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; which shows the content being posted, and the user that posted it.&lt;br /&gt;
* Avoid mentioning posts that were made by new Wikipedians or anonymous Wikipedians, unless their biased edits were not reverted after a substantial amount of time.&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:wiki]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Agent007ravi</name></author>
	</entry>
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