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After Mao's death in September 1976 [[Hua Guofeng ]] was quickly confirmed as party chairman and premier. A month later, Hua, backed by the army, arrested Jiang Qing and other members of the "[[Gang of Four]]" that organized the Cultural Revolution.

In December 1978, the Third Plenum (of the 11th Party Congress Central Committee) adopted economic reform policies aimed at expanding rural income and incentives, encouraging experiments in enterprise autonomy, reducing central planning, and attracting foreign direct investment into China. Hua was forced to resign at this time, leaving [[Deng Xiaoping]] as top leader.

Deng focused on constructed a market-oriented economic development. By 2000economy system, while still remain de facto control over the land by imposing the length of usage of the land, and by 2000 output had quadrupledincreased, population growth ended (by imposing a one-child policy), and good mediocre relations were secured with the West. For much of the population, living standards improved and the material choices grew, yet totalitarian rule and the ownership of the Internet still remain firmly gripped.

After 1978In 1989, Maothe [[Tiananmen Square democracy protests]] were inspired by an explosion of democracy protests worldwide that resulted in the [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]], the Czech [[Velvet Revolution]], and the collapse of Soviet Communism. The Chinese protests, however, were quashed when the so-called "People's successor Liberation Army" killed over 10,000 Chinese people. The Chinese Communist Party then established a registry of social organizations, in order to head off political upheaval. [[Deng XiaopingFalun Gong]] constructed , a marketrevival of pre-economy systemMaoist Cultural Revolution traditions, while still remain de facto control over registered with the land by imposing the length Chinese government in 1992. It soon attracted “tens of usage millions of the landadherents."<ref>Maria Hsia Chang, and ''Falun Gong: The End of Days.''</ref> Falun Gong started holding enormous gatherings; by 2000 output had increased, population growth ended (by imposing a onethe mid-child policy)1990s, and mediocre relations there were secured with the Westmore than two thousand Falun Gong practice sites in [[Beijing]] alone. For much Troubled by the possibility that a large part of the population, living standards have improved and was becoming more loyal to Falun Gong than to the material choices are growingCommunist Party, yet totalitarian rule the government began cracking down on groups and the ownership banning sales of the Internet still firmly grippedFalun Gong publications.

In 1989By 1999, the [[CCP estimated that the group had seventy million adherents; that year, more than ten thousand of them staged a silent protest in Tiananmen Square democracy protests]] were inspired by an explosion of democracy protests worldwide. An arrest warrant was issued for Li Hongzhi, resulting in the [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]]group founder, the Czech who had by then immigrated to Queens, New York. The Chinese National Congress subsequently passed, and began [[Velvet Revolutionviolent]]ly enforcing, and the collapse of Soviet Communism. The Chinese protests however were quashed when the soan "anti-called cult law"People's Liberation Army" killed over 10,000 Chinese people. The Chinese Communist Party then established a registry of social organizations, in order to head off political upheaval<ref>http://web. Falun Gong, a revival of pre-Maoist Cultural Revolution traditions, registered with the Chinese government in 1992archive. It soon attracted “tens of millions of adherents,” the political-science professor Maria Hsia Chang writes in ''Falun Gongorg/web/20101127131821/https: The End of Days//www.nytimes.''' Falun Gong started holding enormous gatherings; by the midcom/2002/02/16/world/china- 1990s, there were more than two thousand Falun Gong practice sites in [[Beijing]] alone. Troubled by the possibility that a large part of the population was becoming more loyal to Falun Gong than to the Communist Party, the government began cracking down on groups and banning sales of Falun Gong publicationsexpels-53-foreign-falun-gong-followers. html</ref>

By 1999, The [[610 Office]] was the CCP estimated that main organization created to eliminate Falun Gong. It is nominally subordinate to the group had seventy million adherents; that year, more than ten thousand Political and Legal Affairs Committee (PLAC). The Political and Legal Affairs Committee purview was expanded after the 610 Office was incorporated into it. The 610 Office derives its name from the date of them staged a silent protest in Tiananmen Squareits founding, June 10th, 1999. An arrest warrant was issued for Li HongzhiAfter that date, the group founderalmost every Party branch, who had by then immigrated from the province to Queensthe county to the district level, New Yorkestablished its own 610 Office. The Chinese National source of the 610 Office’s ability to operate extralegally and with impunity is not drawn from the State. Neither the People's Congress subsequently passednor the State Council has authorized its actions. Rather, approval and began [[violent]]ly enforcingsupport for its deeds comes from the CCP. Each 610 Office takes orders from the 610 Office one level above it, an "anti-cult law"going up to the Central Committee 610 Office. The local 610 Offices also take orders from the leadership team of the CCP Committee at its same organizational level.<ref>http://webwww.archiveeuroparl.orgeuropa.eu/webmeetdocs/201011271318212009_2014/https:documents/droi/www.nytimes.com/2002dv/02506_yiyangxia_/16/world/china-expels-53-foreign-falun-gong-followers506_yiyangxia_en.htmlpdf</ref> It later changed its name to the Central Leading Group on Dealing with Heretical Religions or Office of Maintaining Stability.

China's economy changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade, to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector socialism under capitalist management model and is a major player in the global economy.

In September 2014, the World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG0) investigated Bai Shuzhong, former Minister of Health for the [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA) General Logistics Department. The investigation focused on the Chinese [[military]]’s involvement in the live organ harvesting of [[Falun Gong]] practitioners. During the investigation, Bai Shuzhong admitted that Jiang Zemin, former Chinese Communist Party Chief, had “instructed” the harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners’ organs for transplantation. Bai said in a telephone investigation, “Back then it was Chairman Jiang … there was an order, a sort of instruction, that said to carry out such things, organ transplantation. … Because back then after Chairman Jiang issued the order, we all did a lot of anti-Falun Gong work …” “….that is to say, it was not just the military who was doing kidney transplants ….”

:{{See also|Tiananmen Square massacre}}The death of Hu Yaobang on April 15, 1989, coupled with growing economic hardship caused by high inflation, triggered protests provided the backdrop for a large-scale protest movement by students, intellectuals, and othersother parts of a disaffected urban population. The protesters University students and other citizens camped out in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to mourn Hu's death and to protest against those who would slow reform. Their protests, which grew despite government efforts to contain them, called for an end to official corruption and for defense of freedoms guaranteed by the Chinese constitution. Protests also spread to many other cities, including Shanghai, Chengdu, and Guangzhou.

Martial law was declared on May 20, 1989. Late on June 3 and early on the morning of June 4, military units were brought into Beijing. They used armed force to clear demonstrators from the streets. There are no official estimates of deaths in Beijing, but most observers believe that casualties numbered in the hundreds.

While the [[CCP pandemic]] unfolded the China Tribunal, an independent people's tribunal, released its full judgment on Chinese forced organ harvesting. The panel was chaired by Sir Geoffrey Nice who previously led the [[prosecution]] of former [[Yugoslavia]] [[Prime Minister]] [[Slobodan Milosevic]] for [[war crimes]] at the International Criminal Tribunal and included other experts in law, transplant surgery, international politics, Chinese history and business. The experts concluded that the grisly practice has continued unabated. In June 2019 the tribunal delivered its findings in [[London]], concluding beyond a reasonable doubt that state-sanctioned forced organ harvesting from prisoners of conscience has taken place for years in China on a significant scale and is still taking place. The main organ supply came from imprisoned practitioners of the persecuted spiritual group [[Falun Gong]].