Helium

From Conservapedia

Helium
Name	Helium
Symbol	He
Atomic number	2
Atomic mass	4.0026 amu
Normal state	gas
Classification	Noble gas
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed
Color	Colorless
Date of discovery	August 18, 1868
Name of discoverer	Pierre Janssen
Name origin	from Helios the Greek Sun god

Helium is the second element on the periodic table of the elements^[1]. It is also the second most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen. Modern physicists have acertained than most of the helium origanated from the Big Bang ^[2]; however this is disputed by all forms of creationists. ^[3] Both groups generally agree is that subsequently helium has been created by nuclear fusion in the center of stars ^[4]. Helium is also the by-product of alpha-particle radioactivity. Radioactive decay of heavy elements deep inside the Earth sends helium leaking into natural gas wells, from which it is obtained for commercial use. The atomic weight of Helium-4, the most common isotope, is 4.002603254.

Helium has an interesting history; during the nineteenth century, one of the things some scientists declared to be "impossible"^[5] was the determination of the chemical makeup of the stars. Then spectroscopy was developed, and the composition of the stars became known in great detail. Helium, in particular, was discovered in the Sun (as an unknown element) before it was discovered on the Earth. It was, accordingly, named after Helios, the Greek god of the Sun. It was first found in natural gas in 1905 at the University of Kansas. ^[6].

Notes and references

1. ↑ Wile, Dr. Jay L. Exploring Creation With Physical Science. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1999, 2000
2. ↑ For a detailed account of this see: http://www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/10/0.html
3. ↑ See http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/ApJ/journal/issues/ApJL/v509n1/985623/985623.web.pdf
4. ↑ A detailed account of this can be found at http://zebu.uoregon.edu/textbook/energygen.html
5. ↑ Astrophysical.org
6. ↑ http://www.news.ku.edu/2000/00N/AprNews/Apr7/bailey.html

Periodic Table of the Elements
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1 H 1.008																	2 He 4.003
3 Li 6.939	4 Be 9.0122											5 B 10.811	6 C 12.011	7 N 14.007	8 O 15.999	9 F 18.998	10 Ne 10.183
11 Na 22.99	12 Mg 24.312											13 Al 26.982	14 Si 28.086	15 P 30.974	16 S 32.064	17 Cl 35.453	18 Ar 39.948
19 K 39.102	20 Ca 40.08	21 Sc 44.956	22 Ti 47.9	23 V 50.942	24 Cr 51.996	25 Mn 54.938	26 Fe 55.847	27 Co 58.933	28 Ni 58.71	29 Cu 63.546	30 Zn 65.37	31 Ga 69.72	32 Ge 72.59	33 As 74.922	34 Se 78.96	35 Br 79.904	36 Kr 83.8
37 Rb 85.47	38 Sr 87.62	39 Y 88.905	40 Zr 91.22	41 Nb 92.906	42 Mo 95.94	43 Tc [97]	44 Ru 101.07	45 Rh 102.91	46 Pd 106.4	47 Ag 107.87	48 Cd 112.4	49 In 114.82	50 Sn 118.69	51 Sb 121.75	52 Te 127.6	53 I 126.9	54 Xe 131.3
55 Cs 132.91	56 Ba 137.34	57* La 138.91	72 Hf 178.49	73 Ta 180.95	74 W 183.85	75 Re 186.2	76 Os 190.2	77 Ir 192.2	78 Pt 195.09	79 Au 196.97	80 Hg 200.59	81 Tl 204.37	82 Pb 207.19	83 Bi 208.98	84 Po 210	85 At 210	86 Rn 222
87 Fr 215	88 Ra 226.03	89** Ac 227.03	104 Rf [261]	105 Db [262]	106 Sg [266]	107 Bh [264]	108 Hs [265]	109 Mt [268]	110 Dt [271]	111 Rg [272]	112 Cn [277]	113 Uut [284]	114 Fv [289]	115 Uup [288]	116 Lv [292]	117 Uus [293]	118 Uuo [294]
*Lanthanides		58 Ce 140.12	59 Pr 140.91	60 Nd 144.24	61 Pm 145	62 Sm 150.35	63 Eu 151.96	64 Gd 157.25	65 Tb 158.92	66 Dy 162.5	67 Ho 164.93	68 Er 167.26	69 Tm 168.93	70 Yb 173.04	71 Lu 174.97
**Actinides		90 Th 232.04	91 Pa 231	92 U 238.03	93 Np 237.05	94 Pu 239.05	95 Am 241.06	96 Cm 244.06	97 Bk 249.08	98 Cf 252.08	99 Es 252.08	100 Fm 257.1	101 Md 258.1	102 No 259.1	103 Lr 262.11