False dichotomy

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A false dichotomy, or "false choice," is a logical fallacy whereby one side of an argument presents to the other two unpleasant, opposite, and extreme alternatives, alleging that they are the only choices open in the matter up for debate. The fallacy lies in disregarding the middle ground, or failing to credit the range of disagreement on the issue.

Examples

"Either you're pro-life or a supporter of the death penalty." - This is not a contradiction, since Christians can trace both positions to Scripture (Exodus 20:13[1] and 21:23[2], respectively). The distinction is obviously one between killing an innocent and inflicting justice upon a criminal, yet liberals use this either to accuse the Bible (and consequently, God himself) of inconsistency or to support their position against capital punishment.

"If history as depicted in the Bible cannot be supported by empirical evidence, it must be false." - Another obvious fallacy, since a) nobody can rule out future discoveries that would corroborate the Bible; b) all "evidence" humans can possibly obtain would be a bad measure to check divine revelation; and c) misunderstanding and misinterpretation on the part of humans would doom any such effort.


References

  1. Exodus 20:13, "Thou shalt not kill."
  2. Exodus 21:23, "And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life..."
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