Brownshirts

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An SA propaganda poster

The Brownshirts, Storm Troopers, or Sturmabteilung (SA) were a paramilitary organisation within the Nazi Party in interwar Germany, founded to protect Nazi meetings from disruption and to break up the meetings of other parties, but also used to intimidate, beat up and murder Jews and opponents of the Nazis and to create a climate of fear on the streets of Germany. The SA was a major participant in the Kristallnacht ('Crystal night' or 'night of broken glass') pogrom 9-10 November 1938, in which an estimated number of between 91 and 200 Jews were killed at the time and thousands sent to Concentration Camps (of whom a large number were murdered); 7000 Jewish shops were looted and more than a thousand synagogues destroyed.

The SS was an 'elite' offshoot of the SA, and turned on its parent organization during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.

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